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Jethro Bithelll was born at Hindley near Wigan in 1878. He was educated at Wigan Technical School and Owens College, in the Victoria University of Manchester, where he graduated with a first class degree in modern languages in 1900. He then studied German and Scandinavian literature at the Universities of Munich and Copenhagen.

From 1902-1904 he lectured in modern languages at Salford Technical College, and from 1904-1910 he was a lecturer in German at Manchester University. In 1910 he married his first wife, Ethel Rose Fisher (d 1946) and was appointed head of the Department of German at Birkbeck College London. In 1921 he was elected Reader in the University of London, but never became a full professor. He remained at Birkbeck until his retirement in 1938.

During World War One he served as a Private in the Royal Sussex Regiment, Oct 1916-Jan 1919. In 1947 Bithell married again to Dr Alice Emily Eastlake, a long standing friend of himself and his first wife.

Bithell belonged to the group of British born Germanisten who sought to turn German Studies in a new direction, breaking away from the positevistic and philological approach perpetrated by their German-born teachers. He believed, in common with other Germanisten such as William Rose, that literature was a social phenomenon and this attitude is best exemplified by his book Germany, 1932, a collection of essays on all aspects of the artstic and intellectual life of Germany set against its climate and geography. He was aware of a wider need for text book support in language studies and compiled dictionaries, readers and grammars in German and French.

His studies embraced medieval and modern language and literature from not only Germany, but also France, Belgium (including Flemish) and Norway. In retirement he continued to act as an examiner for schools and universities in German. Marking for the Higher School Certificate prompted him to compile his Anthology of German Poetry, 1880-1940, (1941) and two other anthologies followed. He had an abiding love of poetry in several languages. His superlative translation of the Minnesingers in 1909 earned him an entry in Who's Who and his translations from the work of Henrik Wergeland were considered by many to be a "tour de force".

He worked with Professor Andrew Gillies, who was editor of the Germanic Section of the Modern Language Review. During World War Two, the numbers of Germanisten available for review work were greatly reduced, and Gillies asked Bithell to oblige, which he did. At this time he popularised the work of Carossa, and demonstrated that not all Germans were Nazis or Nazi sympathisers. Bithell was also a keen supporter and contributor to German Life and Letters, which honoured his 80th birthday (1958) with a Festschrift volume.

Publications: The Minnesingers: vol I translations, (London, Longmans Green & Co., 1909); Contemporary German Poetry: translations (London: Scott, 1909); Contemporary Belgian Poetry: translations (London: Scott, 1911); Contemporary French Poetry: translations (London: Scott, 1912); Pitman's commercial German grammar (London: Pitman, 1912); Life and Writings of Maurice Maeterlinck (London: Scott, 1913); Gustav Vollmoeller, Turandot Princess of China: translation (Produced at the St James's Theatre by Sir George Alexander) (London: Fisher Unwin, 1913); Verhaeren/Stefan Zweig: translation (London: Constable,1914); Contemporary Belgian literature (London: Fisher Unwin, 1915); 'Emile Verhaeren: Helen of Sparta' translation in The Plays of Emile Verhaeren (London, Constable, 1916); Contemporary Flemish Poetry: translations (London: Scott, 1917); Byron i Vadmel - Byron in Homespun / H.M. Drachmann: translation (London: Harrap, 1920); (with A. Watson Bain) A German poetry book (London: Methuen, 1924); (with A.C. Dunstan) A German course for Science students (London: Methuen, 1925); A French reader for Science students (London: Methuen, 1926); (with J.H. Helweg) English-Danish commercial correspondence (London: Marlboroughs, 1927); (with A.C. Dunstan) A modern German course for students of History (London: Methuen, 1928); Norwegian-English commercial correspondence (London: Marlboroughs, 1928); (with G.M Gathorne-Hardy and I. Grøndal) Henrik Wergeland: poems: translation (London and Oslo, 1929); Advanced German composition (London: Methuen, 1929); (with W. Theilkuhl) Key to advanced German composition , (London: Methuen, 1929); Dutch-English commercial correspondence (London: Marlboroughs, 1929); Germany: a commpanion to German studies (London: Methuen, 1932); (with A.E Eastlake) A commercial German reader (London: Methuen, 1933); Modern German literature (London: Methuen, 1939); An anthology of German poetry, 1880-1940 (London: Methuen, 1941); Hans Carossa: eine Kindheit (Oxford: Blackwell, 1942); (with A Watson Bain) A French poetry book (London: Methuen, 1946); An anthology of German poetry, 1830-1880 (London: Methuen, 1947); Hans Carossa: Verwandlungen einer Jugend (Oxford: Blackwell, 1949); German pronunciation and phonology (London: Methuen, 1952); An anthology of German poetry, 1730-1830 (London: Methuen, 1957); German-English and English-German dictionary (London: Pitman, 1958). Numerous reviews ad articles for English, French, Belgian and other journals including German Life and Letters, Les Marges and the Modern Language Review.

James Blair Leishman was born on 8 May 1902. He was educated at Rydal School and St John's College, Oxford. He was Assistant Lecturer, Lecturer and Senior Lecturer in English Literature at University College Southampton from 1928 to 1946 and Lecturer in English Literature at Oxford University from 1946 until his death in 1963.
Publications: The metaphysical poets: Donne, Herbert, Vaughan, Traherne, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1934); The monarch of wit: an analytical and comparative study of the poetry of John Donne, (London: Hutchinson, 1951); Selected poems of Friedrich Hölderlin; the German text, translated with an introduction and notes by J.B. Leishman, (London, Hogarth Press, 1954); Poems 1906 To 1926 / Rainer Maria Rilke Translated By J.B. Leishman, (London, Hogarth Press, 1957); Selected works / by Rainer Maria Rilke, Vol. 2 Poetry translated by J.B. Leishman, (London, Hogarth Press, 1960); Themes and variations in Shakespeares sonnets, (London, Hutchinson, 1961); Duino Elegies: the German text / Rainer Maria Rilke; with an English translation, introduction and commentary by J.B. Leishman & Stephen Spender, (London, Hogarth Press, 1963); The art of Marvell's poetry, (London, Hutchinson, 1968).

Karl Hermann Breul was born in Hannover, 1860 and educated at Lyceum II Gymnasium, where the headmaster, W Weidasch was a Schiller scholar who believed in the compulsory teaching of foreign languages. Accordingly Breul was obliged to study Greek, Latin, French and English, and volunteered to take classes in Hebrew. His principal tutor was Adolf Ley, former French and German tutor to Lord Kitchener.

In 1878 Breul left school to enter Tübingen University. He continued to study during his military service, working on South German dialects, particularly Swabian. At Tübingen he attended the lectures of Christoph Sigwart (1830-1904) and Karl Reinhold von Köstlin (1819-1894) in philosophy and literature. In 1879 he left Tübingen for Strassbourg and spent a semester studying English and French philology under Ten Brink, Boehmer and Eduard Koshwitz (1851-1904). In the winter of that year he left for Berlin and the Friedrich Wilhelm Universität, where he remained until taking his doctorate in 1883, with a thesis on an Old English epic Sir Gowther', and a lengthy treatise on comparative literature connected with the legend ofRobert le Diable'. His tutors at Berlin included Julius Zupitza (1844-1895), Adolf Tobler (1835-1920), Karl Müllenhoff (1818-1884) and Wilhelm Scherer.

In 1884, after briefly teaching in German secondary schools, Breul left Berlin for Paris to further his studies of French and romance languages and literatures. He studied under Gaston Bruno Paulin Paris (1839-1903) and Paul Meyer (1840-1917). During this time he translated Tobler's book on French versification into French, with the assistance of his friend, Léopold Sudre (b 1855).

In 1884 Breul was appointed the first lecturer in Germanic language and literature at Cambridge University, five years later he was appointed a Reader. In 1886 he was elected a Fellow of King's College and in 1896 he was awarded a Litt.D. In 1897 he was one of the co-founders of the `Modern Language Quarterly'. In 1902 he was offered a Professorship at the University of London, but refused it. In 1910 he was appointed the first Schröder Professor of German at Cambridge. He was President of the English Goethe Society, and represented it at the Golden Jubilee celebrations of the Wiener Goethe-Verein in 1928.

Breul's research and publications reflect the broad base of his education and interests. However, over and above that, Breul sought to promote the higher study of German philology and literature in the United Kingdom, and to develop and strengthen the knowledge and understanding of each other's language and culture between Germany and Britain. He founded the Honours School in German at Cambridge, and was largely instrumental in re-shaping the study of German in other British universities. Many of the best modern language teaching posts in Britain were held by Breul's former students. He wrote and lectures on the training and qualification of modern language teachers, which he regarded as a high priority for British secondary schools.

Publications: (Trans. with L Sudre) A Tobler Le Vers français ancien et moderne (1885); Sir Gowther. Ein Englische Romanze aus dem XV Jahrhunert (1886); A Handy Bibiographical Guide to the Study of German Language and Literature for the Use of Students and Teachers of German (1895); Die Originisation des höhren Schuhlwesens in Grossbritannien (1897); The Teaching of Modern Foreign Languages in Secondary Schools (1898); Betrachtungen und Vorschläbetreffend die Gründung eines Reichsinstituts für Lehrer des Englischen in London (1900); Cassell's New German Dictionary, (2nd ed, 1906); (Trans) Deutschland im XIX Jahrhundert (1913); Students' Life and Work in the University of Cambridge [1908]; numerous articles in European and America learned journals. He also edited seven volumes in the Cambridge University Pitt Press series: Lessing and Gellert: Fabeln und Erzählungen (1887); Benedix: Dr Wespe (1888); Hauff: Das Bild des Kaisers (1889); Schiller: Wilhelm Tell (1890); Schiller: Geschichte des dreissigjähren Buch III (1892); Schiller: Wallenstein (1894, 1896), Goethe: Iphigenie auf Tauris (1899) and Die Braut von Messina, oder, Die feindlichen Brüder: ein Trauerspiel mit Chören / Schiller (1913).

Leonard William Forster: Born London 30 Mar 1913; Educated at Marlborough College, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, (BA 1934, MA 1938)) and University of Basle (PhD 1938); English Lektor, University of Leipzig, 1934, University of Konigsberg, 1935-1936, and University of Basle, 1936-1938; Fellow of Selwyn College Cambridge, 1937-1950, 1961-1997; during World War Two worked on codebreaking at Bletchley Park, with rank of Lt Cdr RNVR; Professor of German, University College London, 1950-1961; Schröder Professor of German, University of Cambridge, 1961-1979; President of the International Association for Germanic Studies, 1970-1975; Died Cambridge 18 Apr 1997.

Mary Beare; born Ballymoney, Northern Ireland, 1897; educated at Queen's University Belfast, (BA 1924, with 1st Class Honours in French and German) and University of Bonn (PhD 1927); Fellow and Director of Studies in Modern Languages, Newnham College Cambridge, 1936-1947; Lecturer in German, University of Cambridge, 1939-1947; Head of Department and Reader in German, Westfield College London, 1947-1964; Vice-Principal of Westfield College, 1948-1951; Visiting Professor, University College, Toronto, 1959-1960
Publications: Die Theorie der Komödie von Gottsched bis Jean Paul, Bonn, Rhenania-Verlag, G.m.b.H., [1927]; The German popular play Atis, and the Venetian opera: a study of the conversion of operas into popular plays, 1675-1722, Cambridge, CUP, (1938); Hans Sachs: selections , Durham Modern Language Series, University of Durham, 1983; articles on Hans Sachs in the Modern Language Review, German Life and Letters, contributions to Chambers and Cassells Encycolopedias

Margarete Berger-Hamerschlag studied at the Kunstgewebeschule in Vienna and then began a career as an illustrator and artist. Berger-Hamerschlag also designed costumes for the theatre. Berger-Hamerschlag fled Austria as Nazism began to take a grip on the country. She and her husband Josef Berger arrived in Britain in 1936. After the outbreak of the Second World War, Josef Berger was interned for a while in the Isle of Wight. Berger-Hamerschlag taught in local youth clubs. In 1955, Berger-Hamerschlag's diaries and drawings were published as "Journey into the Fog". She was particularly well-known for her paintings of teddy boys.

Evgenii Semenovich Mollo (1904-1985), military historian and artist was born in Ufa, Russia. He left Russia to settle in Britain in 1922, where he worked as a cinema decorator, wartime camouflage specialist and engineer.

Yvonne Kapp: Born Yvonne Mayer, 1903; educated at King's College London; married the artist, Edmond Kapp, 1922; joined Communist Party of Great Britain, 1936, following a visit to the Soviet Union; worked with Basque and Jewish refugees, 1937-1938; Assistant to Director, British Committee to Refugees from Czechoslovakia, dismissed from her post by the Home Office, 1940, and wrote [with Margaret Mynatt] pamphlet British Policy and the Refugees, 1941; Research Officer, Amalgamated Engineering Union, 1941-1946; worked for Medical Research Council, undertaking field work in the East End of London, 1947-1953; editor and translator, Lawrence and Wishart (publishers), 1953-1957; died 1999. Publications: four novels under the pseudonym Yvonne Cloud, including Nobody Asked You, 1932 and The Houses in Between, 1938; Eleanor Marx, (2 vols 1972, 1976).

Margaret Mynatt: Born Vienna, 1907, daughter of a British musician, John Charles Mynatt, (who was known professionally as Giovanni Carlo Minotti); she moved to Berlin in 1929, and joined the Communist Party, and was also involved with Bertolt Brecht and his circle, assistng in the creation of St Joan of the Stockyards and other plays; she left Germany in 1933, following the Reichstag fire, and settled in London; she was Head of Tribunals for the Czech Refugee Trust Fund, 1938-1941, and was dismissed (with Yvonne Kapp) by the Foreign Office in 1941; they subsequently published the pamphlet British Policy and the Refugees; she was Head of Reuters Soviet Monitor, 1951-1951; Manager of Central Books, 1951-1966 and a director of the publishers Lawrence and Wishart, 1966-1977; at the time of her death in Feb 1977 she was editor-in-chief of the Collected Works of Marx and Engels.

Adolf Placzek was born in Vienna, Austria, 1913; initially studied medicine, and switched to architectural history in 1934; left Austria in 1939, and after a brief stay in Britain, moved to New York in 1940; served for 3 years in the US Army, and attended Columbia University's school of Library Service. After graduation he was appointed to the Avery Architectural Library; appointed Avery Librarian, 1960; appointed Professor at the Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, 1970; after his retirement in 1980 he edited the four volume Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects. Married (1st, 1948) Jan Struther, author of Mrs Miniver (d 1953) (2nd, 1957) Beverley Robinson.

Ernst Philipp was born in Vienna in 1916, and was a cousin of Adolf Placzek; he was educated at the University of Vienna (PhD, Mathematics, 1938); he, and his two brothers were sent to Dachau in Nov 1938, but released on the strength of their British Immigration visas. His mother and sister died in the holocaust. After moving to London he enlisted in the Labour Corps, and later served in the Parachute Regiment at Arnhem in 1945, he remained in the army after the War, and served in Palestine, 1946-1947; he taught mathematics at St Bees School, Cumbria until his retirement in 1981, and died in 1996, aged 79.

Rudolf Majut was born in Vienna on 13 March 1887 into a family of Jewish origin. He received his early education there and, at the age of ten, moved with his family to Breslau (now Wroclaw) and then Berlin. In Berlin he began his studies in Germanistik, completing them at Greifswald. He obtained his doctorate in 1912 with a thesis entitled 'Farbe und Licht im Kunstgefühl Georg Büchners'. Büchner became the focal point of his research and this opened the gates for a spate of subsequent study and publication by others. However, Majut may be regarded as a pioneer of Büchner research.

Majut was promoted to 'Studienrat', a post equivalent to a teacher in a secondary school but with Civil Servant status. He began studying for the 'Habilitation' in contemporary German literature and planned to try for a chair in pedagogics. His plans foundered with the advent of the National Socialist regime. In 1933 he was dismissed from the teaching profession due to his non-Aryan descent and additionally found it increasingly difficult to publish his research.

Although he was already in his mid-forties, Majut began to study evangelical theology at the University of Basle. For the first few years he commuted daily over the Swiss/German border, being unable to get papers to stay abroad, but for his final year, 1938-39, he left German territory and and took up residence in Basle. He had been warned of the personal dangers posed by the Nazi regime in Germany by a young woman from Berlin, Käthe Genetat, who became his wife and life's companion. Their correspondence in those difficult years was preserved by a friend, Eva Hellbardt, who acted as a 'post restante', and has been published as Briefe für Käthe 1933-37. Eine Auswahl, edited by Heinz Fischer (1995).

In 1939 Majut received a personal invitation from the Bishop of Chichester, Dr George Kennedy Allen Bell, to come to England. Dr Bell operated a support organisation for Christian ministers of Jewish descent. Majut accepted and left Switzerland with Käthe, arriving in London in May 1939. For a short period he was vicar at the Sefton Internment Camp on the Isle of Man. Then he was obliged to carry out gardening work at Redbrook, which he found totally unconvivial. In 1941 he came to Leicester and accepted a post as teacher of German in a secondary school. Later he was appointed lecturer first at Vaughan and then at Loughborough Colleges. Eventually he joined the staff of Leicester University as a Lecturer, and when he retired he was an Honorary Professor. In 1970 he was awarded the 'German Bundesverdienstkreuz' First Class.

Majut belonged to the group of literary Expressionists and was later in contact with members of the Stefan George-Kreis, principally with Melchior Lechter, who became the subject of an essay by Majut. His publications ranged from standard literary history and criticism, through philological and lexicological studies to volumes of his own poetry, the product of his life-long study of the German language combined with a truly creative talent. Many of the poems, originally published in six parts and then combined in a collected edition edited by his wife in 1994, reflect his personal experiences and emotions particularly as a refugee.

Sylvia Clare Harris b 1931: MA (London) 1954 with thesis An early New High German translation of the Historia trium regum by Johannes de Hildesheim edited from Pap. Man. no. 15, Stadt- und Stiftsarchiv, Aschaffenburg.

William Rose was educated initially at the Birmingham Hebrew School from where he entered the King Edward VI Grammar School, Birmingham, with the aid of a Piddock Trust Scholarship. He went on to attend Birmingham and London Universities. During World War One, and until 1920 he served in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, the Machine Gun Corps and then with the R.A.F. He obtained his doctorate from London University with a thesis on Goethe and Byron, which was published in 1924. Among his tutors were Professor A. Wolff, Professor J.G. Robertson, Professor Robert Priebsch and Professor Wilson-Law. In 1926 he married Dorothy Wooldridge, who shared his work and interests. They had a son and a daughter.

After his discharge from the Army in 1920, Rose took up a post as lecturer in the Department of German at King's College London and was appointed Reader in 1927. In 1935 he became the Sir Ernest Cassel Reader in German in the University of London and in that same year was appointed Head of the Department of Modern Languages at the London School of Economics and Political Science of the University of London. In 1949 he was appointed to a Chair of German Language and Literature in the University of London while keeping his post as Head of Department at the LSE.

During World War Two Rose served in the Intelligence Corps (1939-44) and was one of the dedicated band of British German-language specialists who worked on code-breaking and the Enigma project at Bletchley Park. After 1933, he took a personal interest in the fate and welfare of German exiled intellectuals, and figures such as Franz Werfel and Stefan Zweig were frequent and welcome visitors to his house. He made his support public by being a member of the PEN-Club and joining in the public condemnation of the Nazi regime with regard to the treatment of Jews, intellectuals and cultural life generally in Germany. He was involved in the 'German Library of Burned Books' scheme (1934, under the presidency of Heinrich Mann) whose British committee was headed by H.G. Wells. André Gide was among the honorary presidents.

He was an active member of the Council of the English Goethe Society and gave strong support to the journal German Life and Letters both at its inception and its renewal after World War Two. Rose was scholar, editor, translator and critic. The core of his research interests lay in the work of Goethe, Heine and Rilke, but he also worked on the modern German lyric and the Expressionists. As one of the growing band of 'Germanisten' in British universities who were not German-born, he was an articulate and vigorous proponent of a new approach to German studies. He believed that the connection between literature and life should never be forgotten and pioneered the introduction of the psychoanalytical approach to the study of German literature, vigorously upholding his belief in its sociological implications. He was regarded by some of his peer group as a populariser.

In his last years he had to contend with the onset of blindness but did not allow this to interfere with his interests. His lectures and speeches were written in extra large print as opposed to a cursive hand or typewritten. He was active right up to the time of his death, having delivered a characteristically interesting and lively address at a dinner the previous evening. He was Chairman of the Committee of Management of the Institute of Germanic Literatures and Languages in the University of London (now the Institute of Germanic Studies) and had planned to spend the next year (1962) as a visiting professor at McGill University, Canada. He died as a result of head injuries sustained in a fall after the dinner mentioned above.

In 1988 Geoffrey Hosking, Professor of Russian History at SSEES became interested in newly emerging independent political movements in the Soviet Union. With Peter Duncan, lecturer in Contemporary Russian Politics and Society at SSEES he submitted a research proposal to the Leverhulme trust in order to make a study of this topic. The proposal was accepted and a joint project ran at SSEES during 1990-1991 with Jonathan Aves as Leverhulme research fellow. Aves later became lecturer in Russian Government at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

Bela Ivanyi-Grunwald (1902-1965) was born the son of a well known Hungarian painter of the same name and grew up in an artists' colony. He studied history at Budapest University and completed a Ph.D thesis on the proposed economic reforms of Count Istvan Szechenyi (1791-1860). As a result he was commissioned to edit a critical text of one volume of Szechenyi's collected works. This work with its lengthy introduction by IG was ground breaking for its time and established IG as economic historian. Shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War IG left his post as Reader in Hungarian History at Budapest University to take up a scholarship to Britain in order to study the activities of the exiles of the 1848-1849 Hungarian War of Independence. While he was in Britain war broke out and after Hungary entered the war IG renounced his (Hungarian Government funded) scholarship in protest and applied for political asylum which was granted. He lived in Britain for the remainder of his life. He became a regular contributor to the Hungarian Service of the BBC and was lecturer in Hungarian at SSEES 1947-1965. He wrote a number of works including a monograph on Lajos Kossuth (1802-1894) and also a biography of Szechenyi which were never published. His interests went beyond Hungarian history to include various aspects of British history such as eighteenth century dissenters and Catholic recusants. IG also became a collector of books, prints, maps and pamphlets.

Stella Alexander (b. 1912) has written several books on religion in Yugoslavia

Robert Gerard Allan (circa 1910-1985) was born in Prague, where his father had been lecturer in English at Prague University since 1910. He became an engineer. In 1939 he left Czechoslovakia to live in Britain.

Aleksandr Valentinovich Amfiteatrov (1862-1938) was born in Russia. He became a fairly well known journalist and popular novelist. In 1902 he was exiled for writing a satirical article on the imperial family. He returned, then emigrated to France in 1905. During the First World War Amfiteatrov returned to Russia once more and in 1916 became editor of the nationalist newspaper "Russkaya volya". He left Russia for the last time in 1920 to settle in Italy. In 1927 he joined an anti-Soviet secret Society "Bratstvo Russkoi Pravdy" [Brotherhood of Truth]. He died at Levanto, Italy in 1938.

The Anglo-Finnish Society was formed in 1911, but went into abeyance during theWorld War One. It was revived but went into abeyance once more during the World War Two, although aid to the Finnish Red Cross during its Winter War 1939-1940 with the Soviet Union was directed through the Society. It was then re-started in 1953. It is a non political body with the objective of fostering friendship and understanding between Britain and Finland.
William Richard Mead: b 1915; educated at Aylesbury Grammar School and the London School of Economics; served RAF 1940-1946; Lecturer in Geography, University of Liverpool, 1947-1949; Lecturer, Reader and Professor of Geography, University College London, 1950-1981; Chairman of Council, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, 1978-1980; Secretary, 1953-1965 and Chairman, 1966-, Anglo-Finnish Society.

The Anglo-Russian Literary Society was founded in London in 1893 by Edward A Cazalet with its work being conducted from the Imperial Institute, London. It was one of the earliest British organisations to promote cultural relations with Russia. Membership was open to both Britons and Russians. The Society's objects were promoting the study of Russian language and literature, the formation of a library of Russian books and periodicals, the holding of monthly meetings and the promotion of friendly relations between Britain and Russia. The Society's monthly lectures were published in the Proceedings of the Society which appeared quarterly. Tsar Nicholas II became a patron of the Society in 1894 and Tsarina Alexandra in 1897. After 1917 the Society lost many of its Russian members and its imperial patronage.
At the end of 1922 the Society moved from the Imperial Institute to the School of Slavonic Studies, King's College (later SSEES), its library of some 1,500 volumes was transferred to the School and the School's Director, Sir Bernard Pares became secretary of the Society. In September 1930 the Society was renamed the Anglo-Russian Society. It is not clear when the Society was wound up. It was probably in 1934 as the last membership subscription records are from that year although the last records date to 1936.

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Miniature replica of Czech Crown Jewels:

The crown is named after the patron Saint Wenceslas I of the Premyslids dynasty, who reigned in Bohemia between the 9th century up to the year 1306. The original crown was made from gold and precious stones and weighs 2.475kg. It was made for King Charles IV in 1346. The royal orb dates back to the era of Rudolph II; the scepter dates from the late 16th century. The original jewels are exhibited only to mark special occasions:

Marie Curie University: commemorative tea set:

Lublin University was named in honour of Marie Curie-Skłodowska (1867-1934), a physicist and chemist of Polish origin; pioneer in the field of radioactivity who discovered Polonium along with her husband Pierre Curie in 1898. She became the first person honoured with two Nobel Prizes, and the first female professor at the University of Paris.

(Charles) Neal Ascherson (1932-) was born in Edinburgh and educated at Cambridge. He is a journalist and writer who has written extensively on Eastern Europe, particularly Poland. Ascherson first visited Poland in 1957, to report for the Manchester Guardian and has returned frequently. In 1980-1981 he covered the rise of the Solidarity movement and the subsequent imposition of martial law for The Observer. Ascherson also reported on the "Prague Spring" in Czechoslovakia in 1968. His publications on Eastern European topics have included Polish August (London, 1981), The Struggles for Poland (London, 1987) and Black Sea (London, 1995).

Phyllis Auty (1911-1998) was been closely associated with Yugoslavia thoughout her professional life. During the Second World War she worked on matters connected with Yugoslavia in the BBC, the Political Warfare Department and the Political Intelligence Centre in the Middle East Department of Allied Forces Headquarters. Immediately after the war she visited Yugoslavia on behalf of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Organisation. She became reader in history of the South Slavs at SSEES and then professor of modern history and chair of the History Department at Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada.

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Brigadier-General Sir Samuel Bentham (1757-1831) was an engineer and naval architect and was an official in the Russian Navy (1780-1791) and in the British Navy (1795-1831). He was the brother of the reformer and philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832).

Edvard Benes (1884-1948) became involved in politics after an academic career. He believed that the Czech and Slovak peoples should be free from rule by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After the outbreak of World War One, Benes went into exile. In 1915 he became secretary-general of the Czecho-Slovak National Council and along with his mentor Tomas Masaryk and M Stefanik led the Czechoslovak independence movement. After independence was attained in 1918, Benes became foreign minister, a post he held until 1935. He also headed the Czechoslovak delegation to the peace conference of 1919-1920 and was prime minister 1921-1922. In 1935 Benes succeeded Masaryk as president but resigned in 1938 after the Munich agreement and went into exile once more. In London during the Second World War Benes was president in exile 1940-1945 and on his return to Czechoslovakia after the war was re-elected. He favoured Slavic co-operation and friendly relations with both the Soviet Union and the West but in June 1948, shortly after the Communists seized power he refused to give his assent to the new constitution and resigned. A few months later he died.

Josef Beran (1888-1969) was Archbishop of Prague and was later made a Cardinal. Beran was put under house arrest by the new Communist government in 1949. He was released in 1963 and in 1965 was allowed to leave Czechoslovakia for the Vatican City.

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Reginald Robert Betts (1903-1961) was born in Norwich. After completing his studies at Oxford University he took up a post there as a temporary lecturer. This was followed by positions as lecturer at Liverpool and Belfast Universities. In 1934 he became a professor at Southampton University. As a medieval historian, Betts specialised in the history of Bohemia but later developed a great interest in the modern Czechoslovak state, becoming an expert in Czech affairs. This knowledge led to his appointment at the BBC, during the later years of the Second World War as editor of the broadcasting service for Czechoslovakia and later of the whole European service. After the war Betts was briefly, 1945-1946 a professor at Birmingham University before becoming Masaryk Professor of Central European history at SSEES in 1946, a position he held until his death. He was also head of the History Department at SSEES until 1957.

(Mary) Daisy Waldegrave (1871-?) was the daughter of Granville Waldegrave, 3rd Baron Radstock. She married Edwyn Bevan.

Lucjan Blit (?-1978) was born in Warsaw but left Poland during the Second World War and after 1943 lived in Britain. He worked as a journalist and later as a lecturer becoming lecturer in East European political institutions at SSEES 1973-1977 and the London School of Economics and Political Science 1970-1977.

J Bloch and Co, Moscow were agents for the importation of pumps, weighing machines, Otis lifts, Remington typewriters and Edison's mimeographs

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George Henry Bolsover was born in 1910. After obtaining a BA and MA from the School of Russian Studies, Liverpool University and a doctorate from SSEES, he worked as tutor and assistant lecturer respectively at Birmingham and Manchester Universities. In 1943, his expertise in Russian resulted in his being appointed attache and first secretary to the British Embassy in Moscow, a post he held until 1947. On his return to Britain in 1947, Bolsover was appointed Director of SSEES. Bolsover was to be Director for the next 29 years, presiding over a period of growth in interest in Russian and East European studies and SSEES' post war expansion. As well as administrative duties, Bolsover was on the editorial board of the Slavonic and East European Review until 1963, and was its sometime editor. He was also invoved in arrangements for Hungarian refugee students to study at British universities after 1956 and the fight against a recommendation that SSEES be incorporated into a multi faculty college. He was sometimes called upon by the BBC to comment on Soviet affairs. He retired in 1976 and died in 1990.

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Alfred Claude Bromhead (1876-1963) worked before the First World War as the British representative of the French film projector company belonging to Leon Gaumont. This led to him also becoming involved with the showing and distribution of films. Bromhead was also a territorial officer in an infantry battalion of the Queen's Regiment. After the outbreak of the First World War he was chosen by the British Government to undertake British Military Cinematographic Mission to Russia to show British propaganda films to Russian troops. The aim was to impress upon Russian troops the scale of the British war effort in order to keep up morale and to encourage pro-British sentiment.

Countess Brasova (1888-1952) was born Natalia Sergeevna Cheremtevskaia, the daughter of a Moscow lawyer. Before she was twenty she had married twice, to Sergei Manmontoff, with whom she had a daughter and after their divorce to Liolucha Wulfurt, an army captain. Shortly after her marriage to Wulfurt, Chermemtevskaia met and began an affair with the Colonel in Chief of her husband's regiment, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, the younger brother of Tsar Nicholas II. In 1910 their son was born, Cheremtevskaia later obtained a divorce from Wulfurt and in 1911 she married the Grand Duke. As a result of their morganatic marriage the couple were banished from Russia by the Tsar and. spent two years in exile. They lived in England and travelled around Europe before the First World War began and the couple were allowed to return to Russia.
Eventually the Tsar recognised their marriage and gave Cheremtevskaia the title of Countess Brasova. As she was not of royal blood Countess Brasova was not entitled to hold any imperial title. In March 1917 as the Russian Revolution began, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated in favour of Grand Duke Michael. The Grand Duke held the throne for only two days before he too abdicated, ending imperial rule in Russia. The Grand Duke and Countess Brasova were imprisoned by the new Bolshevik Government. Countess Brasova was released and left Russia with her children in 1919. Grand Duke Michael disappeared, later it was learnt that he had been executed in June 1918. Countess Brasova settled first in England and later in Paris where she lived in increasing poverty until her death in 1952.

D E Budgen was a research student at St John's College Oxford, 1976.

David Roden Buxton travelled to the Soviet Union as a student in 1928 to engage in a study of medieval architecture. He also made observations on the living conditions and way of life of the Soviet people. He visited Central and North West Russia, the Volga Region and parts of the Ukraine. He returned in 1932 for a similar visit to Northern Russia. He published accounts of both these journeys. In later life Buxton wrote a number of other works on architecture and on Ethiopia where he lived 1942-1949.

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace published the "Economic and social history of the World War" series.

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Pavel Vasilievich Chichagov (1767-1848) was the son of a Russian admiral and arctic explorer, Vasili Yakovevich Chichagov and his British wife. He entered the Russian navy at the age of 15, became rear-admiral in 1796 and Minister of Marine in 1802. In 1812 he took command of the army in Turkey and the Government of the Danube Principalities. He was recalled from this post with his army to cut off the retreat of the French army led by Napoleon. This aim was achived with a great victory at Beretsina in November 1812. After Beretsina, Chichagov retired and spent the remainder of his life in England and France.

Christian Solidarity International (CSI) is a Christian human rights organization for religious liberty helping victims of religious repression, victimized children and victims of disaster. CSI was founded by Revd. Hans Stückelberger, following silent demonstrations in Switzerland in support of persecuted Christians, in 1977.

Stephen Clissold (1913-1982) held various appointments in or relating to Yugoslavia and served in the British Council and the Foreign Office Research Department. He wrote a number of works on Yugoslavia.

Professor Francis (Frank) William Carter was Head of the Department of Social Sciences at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES) at University College London (UCL) and Honorary Fellow of the UCL Geography Department. After attending Wulfrum College of Education in Wolverhampton, he studied at the universities of Sheffield and Cambridge and the London School of Economics. He lectured at King's College before joining UCL in October 1966, where he researched primarily the historical geography of the Balkans and Eastern Europe, covering themes such as agriculture, migration, city development and the environment.

Sources: Clout, Hugh 'In Memorium Francis William Carter 1938-2001: An Appreciation' in Nations, Nationalism and the European Citizen; 'Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Development in East Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union: A Collection of Essays in Memory of Professor Francis 'Frank' Carter (Ed. Turnock, David 2005) and Turnock, David 'Obituaries: Francis William Carter 1938-2001' in The Geographical Journal Vol. 169, No. 3 (Sep. 2001) pp. 275-276