Sir Joshua Jebb, 1793-1863, was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1812, serving in Canada and the USA, and by 1837, he had been promoted to 1st Captain. In 1838, he was appointed to hold enquiries on grants of charters of incorporation to Bolton and Sheffield, and he also served on the Commission on the Municipal Boundary of Birmingham. In 1839 he was seconded from the army to work as technical advisor to the Secretary of State on prison building, following the 1837 Act requiring the Secretary of State to approve all prison building. In 1842 he was made Commissioner for the Government of Pentonville prison and also a member of the Royal Commission to report on the punishment of military crime by imprisonment. He was now spending most of his time dealing with prison issues, and in 1844 was appointed Inspector General of Military Prisons and Surveyor General of Convict Prisons. In 1847 he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, and in 1850 he was appointed Chairman of the Directors of Convict Prisons, overseeing the building of Portland, Portsmouth, Chatham, Buxton and Woking Prisons. In 1859, he was awarded the KCB, and in 1860, he was promoted to Major General.
Thomas Norman Arthur Jeffcoate (1907-1992) specialised in obstetrics and gynaecology after qualifying with First Class Honours from Liverpool University in 1929. from 1930 until his retirement in 1972 he served on the teaching staff of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. By 1933 he had been appointed Honorary Consultant at the Women's Hospital, Liverpool Maternity Hospital and the David Lewis Northern Hospital. In 1945 he became the University's first full-time Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. He was President of the RCOG from 1969-1972 and was knighted in 1970.
Thomas Norman Arthur Jeffcoate (1907-1992) specialised in obstetrics and gynaecology after qualifying with First Class Honours from Liverpool University in 1929. From 1930 until his retirement in 1972 he served on the teaching staff of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Liverpool. By 1933 he had been appointed Honorary Consultant at the Women's Hospital, Liverpool Maternity Hospital and the David Lewis Northern Hospital. In 1945 he became the University's first full-time Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. He was President of the RCOG from 1969-1972 and was knighted in 1970.
George Barker Jeffery was born in 1891 and educated at Strand School, King's College London and Wilson's Grammar School, Camberwell. In 1909 he qualified as a teacher at the London Day Training College and graduated from University College London in 1911. He went on to teach, research and publish on mathematics and mathematical physics at University College, holding the post of Assistant Lecturer in Applied Mathematics from 1912 to 1921. In 1921 Jeffery became University Reader in Mathematics at University College, and in 1922 Professor of Mathematics at King's College London. In 1924 he returned to University College as Astor Professor of Pure Mathematics. In 1945 Jeffery was appointed as Director of the newly-established University of London Institute of Education where he became interested in the problems of West African education. He was also actively involved in the Secondary School Examinations Council, the National Advisory Council on the Training and Supply of Teachers, the National Foundation for Educational Research, the New Education Fellowship, the Advisory Council on Education in the Colonies and the Association of Teachers in Colleges and Departments of Education. Jeffery was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1926 and served as Vice-President from 1938-1940. His publications include Relativity for Physics Students (1924) and African Education (1953). He retired from the Institute in 1957.
Paul Jeffery (1927-1998) was an architectural historian and author of various publications on the City Churches, such as The city churches of Sir Christopher Wren (1996).
Lionel and Pansy were close friends of Eric and Jessica Huntley of Bogle-L'Ouverture. Lionel Aloric Jeffrey born in Guyana 9 January 1926, died 31 October 1993. Parents were Marie and Charles Jeffrey; wife, Pansy Jeffrey.
He came to England in 1947 to study Economics and Law at Oxford University. He was elected Vice-President of the West Indies Students Union and later President of the overseas federation of students unions in England.
On 29 December 1951, in London, he married Pansy Cummings, daughter of a school teacher from Berbice, Guyana. They had a daughter, Chinyere and two sons, Andreas and Howard.
He was active in the Anti-Colonial struggle in the Caribbean and during this period he worked closely with Cheddi Jagan, Eusi Kawana and Martin Carter.
He returned to Guyana in 1953 when British troops invaded and deposed the elected Peoples Progressive Party. He became Acting Secretary of the Party after Janet Jagan was imprisoned, and was a regular contributor to the publications the Mirror and Thunder.
In 1956 he returned to England to continue his studies. Lionel continued his work in the Labour Movement and was General Secretary and President of the Caribbean Labour Solidarity group. His Socialism was strengthened with the arrival of Guyanese John and Irma LaRose, Eric and Jessica Huntley, Cleston Taylor and Peter Blackman. They formed the nucleus of the West Indian Communist Party. He allied himself to all the progressive groups concerned with Caribbean politics and was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain. He worked to increase education and other opportunities available to minorities living in the London Borough of Islington and was a member of Islington Council's Race Equality Committee for many years.
He was involved in the following organisations:
Caribbean Labour Solidarity
Caribbean Labour Congress
The Community Education Trust
Islington 18
The West Indian Citizens Association, (WICA)
The Islington Multi-Cultural Education Project
Islington Race Equality Unit
Islington Multi-Cultural Education Project
Greater London Council's Ethnic Minorities Committee
North Islington Law Centre
In 1974 he was President of the Caribbean Labour Solidarity group and a member of the Caribbean Labour Congress.
The Community Education Trust:
In 1974 Lionel, Pansy Jeffrey and colleagues founded the Community Education Trust (CET), based in Manor Gardens, Holloway, Islington LB. It began with evening classes and lectures for people to learn about Caribbean politics and was sponsored initially by Lord Pitt and Bishop Wood of Croydon. In the 1970s and 1980s the Trust developed multi-cultural education courses. The Trustees were Sir Hugh Springer, KCMG, CBE, the Right Reverend Wilfred Wood, the Chairman was George Lamming and Lionel the Executive Secretary.
In 1980 he formed the "Islington 18" in order to help the eighteen black youths arrested after riots at Notting Hill Carnival.
In 1981 the West Indian Citizens Association (WICA) was set up by members of the Community Education Trust in whose premises it was housed. The intention of this group was to lend their facilities and structure to people of West Indian origin in Islington, to create and develop a community organisation to serve the interests of Afro-Caribbean people in the borough.
The Association grew and in June 1981 they started a Senior Citizens Lunch Club which became the forerunner for providing a variety of services for black senior citizens.
In 1985 Lionel became overall director of the Multi-Cultural Education Project in Islington. They developed multi-cultural and anti-racist teaching packs for schools. The project also designed a Caribbean exchange programme whereby 26 third year pupils from Islington secondary schools participated in special workshops and activities and visited and lived with families in Barbados. In 1986 exchange students from Barbados visited London and attended local secondary schools in Islington.
1992 he became a Consultant for the Islington Race Equality Unit. He worked with Islington Council and the Inner London Education Authority to develop their race relations policy and helped establish a race relations unit in Islington with Richard Crowson. He was Chairman of Islington Council's Ethnic Minorities Committee and a member of the Greater London Council's Ethnic Minorities Committee. He worked at the City Literary Institute ('City Lit') in Holborn, Camden LB with George Lamming and Richard Hart and he was a committee member of the North Islington Law Centre with Bil Nash.
The Lionel Jeffrey Nubian Centre
In 1995 the Islington Council Race Equality and Community Affairs Committee named a community centre after him. The Centre was based at 48 Seven Sisters Road, Islington LB. The aims of the centre include the advancement of education and training that would allow users to continue to play a constructive role in society and the promotion of the rights of women. Lionel died 31 October, 1993.
Pansy Jeffrey joined the Family Welfare Association Department of the Kensington and Chelsea Citizen's Advice Bureau (CAB) and was appointed to the post of the West Indian Social Worker in 1959. She was a Justice of the Peace and served at Horseferry Magistrates Court. In her capacity at the Bureau she helped create organisations for the improvement of housing, education and social conditions for West Indians and other immigrant groups in North Kensington. She was a member of groups which shared her concerns. These included
1960 West Indian Mother Club
1968 College Park School Managing Body
1970 House of Commons Working Group on Education
1970 West London Fair Housing Group Limited
1973 Berbice Co-ownership Housing Association Limited
1974 Community Education Trust
1979 North Kensington Family Centre Committee
1981 Pepper Pot Club.
She was on the management committee of North Kensington Neighbourhood Law Centre. She gave talks about the West Indian community in Notting Hill, London and in the Caribbean.
Lena May Jeger (nee Chivers) was born in Yorkley, Gloucestershire on 19 November 1915, the daughter of Charles Chivers and Eugenie Alice James. She was educated at Southgate County School and Birkbeck College London where she gained a BA. In 1948 Lena Chivers married Dr Santo Jeger, Labour MP for Holborn and St Pancras South. After her husband's death in 1953, Jeger stood for, and won, her late husband's seat which she held between 1953-1959 and again between 1964-1979. As a member of local government she served on St. Pancras Borough Council between 1945-1959 and the London County Council between 1952-1955.
Jeger's career began in the Civil Service where she worked in HM Customs and Excise, the Ministry of Information and the Foreign Office between 1936-1949. In 1947 she worked at the British Embassy in Moscow as assistant editor of the British Ally, a newspaper published by the British Government for distribution in the Soviet Union. As a journalist, she was on the London staff of the Guardian and regularly contributed to other national newspapers. Her political career also included membership of the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party betwwen 1968-1980, serving as Vice-Chairman between 1978-1979 and Chairman between 1979-1980. She was the UK representative on the United Nations Status of Women Commission in 1967; a member of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe and Western European Union 1969-1971; a member of the Chairman's Panel in the House of Commons between 1971-1979; Opposition spokesman (Lords) on Social Security 1983-1989 and made an honorary fellow of Birkbeck College London in 1994. She retired from politics in 1979 and was created Baroness Jeger of St Pancras in Greater London.
Kingdom Hall is the term for the meeting place of Jehovah's Witnesses.
Marguerite K Jellicoe had a varied career in East Africa, during which time she worked as a Community Development Officer in the Singida District of Central Tanzania (c1962). She was later attached to the Makere University College, Kampala, Uganda, where she completed her PhD. Marguerite Jellicoe later worked for the United Nations in Zambia; and then returned to Britain to carry out her writing. She repeatedly paid visits to the Singida region, concentrating on the villages of Ihanja and Ikungi where she carried out a detailed study of the life of the local people, chronicling a community in transition, particularly the Rimi/Nyaturu.
Marguerite Jellicoe published The Long Path: a case study of social change in Wahi, Singida District, Tanzania (Nairobi, East African Publishing House, 1978). She died in May 1994.
Jenings, Bolton and Jenings were attorneys of 4 Elm Court, Temple. They were taken over, shortly after 1860, by Merriman, White and Company, of 3 King's Bench Walk, Temple.
Jenkins, Harold (1909-2000), literary scholar, was born on 19 July 1909 in Shenley, Buckinghamshire, the eldest son of Henry Jenkins (1878-1932), a dairyman, and his wife, Mildred, née Carter, who were cousins. Harold had an elder and a younger sister, and two younger brothers. Educated at a local school from the age of three, he won a free place in 1920 at what became Wolverton grammar school. Scholarships enabled him to proceed in 1927 to University College, London, where he read English language and literature. He graduated in 1930 with first-class honours, winning both the George Morley medal in English literature and the prestigious George Smith studentship (1930-31). The subsequent award of the Quain studentship enabled him to continue his studies for another five years, during which he also taught.
His MA thesis (1933) on the Elizabethan dramatist Henry Chettle, supervised by W. W. Greg, was published in revised form as The Life and Work of Henry Chettle in the following year. After a year as William Noble fellow in the University of Liverpool he took up a lecturership in English in 1936 at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, where he stayed until 1945. His Witwatersrand DLitt thesis (1945) appeared in revised form as Edward Benlowes (1602-76): Biography of a Minor Poet (1952). During his time in South Africa, he produced book reviews in the form of radio broadcasts, 1940-1941 and 1944-1945. In 1939 he married Gladys Puddifoot (1908-1984), whom he had met as a student. She became a respected historian and was an ideal partner, sharing his scholarly interests until her death in a road accident in 1984.
Returning to London as lecturer at University College in 1945, Jenkins was promoted to Reader in the following year, and in 1954 took up the chair of English at Westfield College. During the 1950s he wrote essays on Twelfth Night and As You Like It, and a classic study, The Structural Problem in Henry IV (1956), delivered as his inaugural lecture at Westfield College. In 1954 Jenkins was assigned to edit Hamlet for the New Arden Shakespeare, and in 1958 he became joint general editor with Dr Harold Brooks. In 1967 Jenkins was appointed Regius Professor of rhetoric and English literature in the University of Edinburgh. He retired early and returned to London in 1971 to work on his edition of Hamlet, which was published in1982. His studies of the play produced at least eight articles or major lectures, two of the most notable being his British Academy lecture in 1963 entitled Hamlet and Ophelia, and his 1967 inaugural lecture at Edinburgh, The Catastrophe in Shakespearean Tragedy.
In later life Jenkins received several prizes and honours including the fellowship of the British Academy in 1989 and the 1986 Shakespeare Prize from the FVS Foundation of Hamburg. A volume in his honour, Fanned and Winnowed Opinions, including essays by friends along with a memoir and a list of publications, appeared in 1987. For over forty years Jenkins served on the council of the Malone Society, of which he was elected president in 1989, and for which he edited Chettle's Tragedy of Hoffman (1951).
He died at home in Surrey, on 4 January 2000, bequeathing his books to Queen Mary and Westfield College, which also houses his literary paper
Hugh Gater Jenkins was born in 1908 in Enfield, and in 1941 was commissioned into the RAF, serving as a Flight Lieutenant. He spent the latter part of his time in the RAF in the Far East on secondment as Head of English programmes at Rangoon Radio. After demobilisation in 1946 he became Research and Publicity Officer for the National Union of Bank Employees and editor of 'The Bank Officer'. In 1950 he joined the staff of Actors Equity as Assistant General Secretary. Jenkins stood as Labour Parliamentary candidate in Enfield in 1950 and in Mitcham in 1955. It was in Mitcham that he helped to found the Anti-H Bomb Committee, which later became the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, serving as Chairman from 1979 to 1981, and later becoming Vice-President. He was also chairman of Victory for Socialism from 1956 until shortly before it merged into the Tribune Group in 1960. He was County Councillor on the London County Council and Greater London Council for Stoke Newington and Hackney North from 1958 until his election as the Labour Member of Parliament for Putney, a position he held from 1964 to 1979. He was Chairman of the Standing Advisory Committee on Authorities and the Theatre, Vice-Chairman and later Vice-president of the Theatres Advisory Council, and Director and later consultant to the Theatres Trust. He was also a member of the Arts Council, 1968-1971, and Minister for the Arts, 1974-1976.
Charles Jenkinson (1727-1808) became private secretary to the 3rd Earl of Bute, favourite of George III, in 1760. In 1763, having been elected to Parliament, Jenkinson was appointed Joint Secretary of the Treasury. Chosen as Vice-Treasurer for Ireland in 1773, he became a member of the Privy Council. Later he was Master of the Royal Mint (1775-78) and, during the American Revolution, Secretary at War (1778-82). During the first ministry (from 1783) of the William Pitt the younger, Jenkinson proved an invaluable adviser. In 1786 he was appointed chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster and president of the Board of Trade. A member of the Cabinet from 1791, he became an invalid about 1801, ceased to attend Cabinet meetings, and by the middle of 1804 had resigned all his offices. He was created Baron Hawkesbury in 1786 and Earl of Liverpool in 1796. Publications: A Discourse on the conduct of the Government of Great Britain in respect to neutral nations during the present war (R. Griffiths: London, 1758); A Collection of all the Treaties of Peace, Alliance, and Commerce between Great-Britain and other Powers; from the Treaty signed at Munster in 1648, to the Treaties signed at Paris in 1783. To which is prefixed a Discourse on the conduct of the Government of Great-Britain in respect to neutral nations (London, 1785); A Treatise on the Coins of the Realm [Oxford, 1798?]; Constitutional Maxims, extracted from a discourse on the establishment of a National and Constitutional Force (London, 1757).
Charles Jenkinson (1727-1808) became private secretary to the 3rd Earl of Bute, favourite of George III, in 1760. In 1763, having been elected to Parliament, Jenkinson was appointed Joint Secretary of the Treasury. Chosen as Vice-Treasurer for Ireland in 1773, he became a member of the Privy Council. Later he was Master of the Royal Mint (1775-1778) and, during the American Revolution, Secretary at War (1778-1782). During the first ministry (from 1783) of the William Pitt the younger, Jenkinson proved an invaluable adviser. In 1786 he was appointed chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster and president of the Board of Trade. A member of the Cabinet from 1791, he became an invalid around 1801, ceased to attend Cabinet meetings, and by the middle of 1804 had resigned all his offices. He was created Baron Hawkesbury in 1786 and 1st Earl of Liverpool in 1796.
Jenkinson entered the Navy in 1806. In 1808 he was appointed to the DECADE and was in the VENERABLE in 1809 during the Walcheren expedition. In 1810 he was promoted to lieutenant. He next served in the CLYDE in the Channel and then in the INCONSTANT, 1811 to 1812, at Vera Cruz and in the Channel. He was promoted to commander in 1812 and from this time until 1814 commanded the JASPER in home waters. He was promoted to captain in 1814. Between 1816 and 1817 he was in Russia, apparently on a private visit. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1850.
Hilary Jenkinson was born in London in 1882. He was educated at Dulwich College and at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He began work in the Public Record Office in 1906 and, aside from war service, spent his entire career there, rising to become deputy keeper in 1947; he retired in 1954. Alongside his civil service work, Jenkinson lectured in palaeography and archives and was instrumental in the decision of University College London's school of librarianship to provide a separate diploma in archive administration. Jenkinson was also active in the British Records Association and several learned societies, and served as one of the first vice presidents of the International Council on Archives. He was knighted in 1949.
Hilary Jenkinson was educated at Dulwich College and Pembroke College Cambridge. He achieved a first class in Classical Tripos in 1904. He sat the Civil Service Examination in 1905 and entered the Public Record Office in 1906. From 1911 to 1935, 1938 and 1949 he was Maitland Lecturer in Cambridge. He was also Lecturer at the London School of Economics in 1913. From 1920 to 1925 he lectured at King's College and University College, London. In 1925 he was appointed Reader in Diplomatic and Archives at the University of London, a post he held until 1947. He was Deputy Keeper of the Public Records and Keeper of the Land Revenue Records, from 1947 to 1954. Jenkinson was Honorary Secretary of the British Records Association from its foundation in 1932 to 1947. During the Second World War he acted as Adviser on archives to the War Office. He was a member of many societies, commissions and committees concerned with archives and records. He received a CBE in 1943 and was created a Knight in 1949. He published many books during his lifetime, one of the best known being 'Manual of Archive Administration' (1922, new edition 1937).
Born, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, 1749; educated at private schools at Wootton-under-Edge and Cirencester; apprenticed to Daniel Ludlow of Sodbury, a surgeon; pupil-resident in the house of John Hunter, 1770-1772; employed by Sir Joseph Banks to prepare specimens from Captain Cook's voyage; studied at St George's Hospital; practiced at Berkeley, 1773; continued to correspond with John Hunter on many subjects; member of medical societies at Rodborough and Alveston, reading papers on medical subjects and natural history; Fellow, Royal Society, 1788; MD, University of St Andrew's, 1792; continued his investigations into cow pox and small pox; vaccinated a boy James Phipps with cow pox and then small pox, who contracted cow pox but not small pox, 1796; published An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolæ vaccinæ, a disease discovered in some of the Western Counties of England ... known by the name of the cow pox, 1798; sent cow pox material throughout England and abroad for vaccinations; vaccinated nearly 200 people at Petworth, Sussex, 1800; granted £10,000 by Parliament in recognition of his work, 1802; Royal Jennerian Society established to promote spread of vaccination in London, 1802; replaced by the National Vaccine Establishment, 1808; continued to work and publish on vaccination; died, 1823, Berkeley, Gloucestershire.
Publications include: Cursory observations on Emetic Tartar [1780?]; An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolæ vaccinæ, a disease discovered in some of the Western Counties of England ... known by the name of the cow pox (Printed for the author: London, 1798); Further observations on the Variolæ Vaccinæ or Cow Pox (London, 1799); A comparative Statement of facts and observations relative to the cow-pox with Dr Woodville (London, 1800); The origin of the Vaccine Inoculation (London, 1801); On the varieties and modifications of the vaccine pustule, occasioned by an herpetic state of the skin (Cheltenham, 1806; Gloucester reprinted, 1819); Facts for the most part unobserved, or not duly noticed, respecting variolous contagion (London, 1808); Letter from E. J. to W. Dillwyn on the effects of vaccination, in preserving from the small-pox. To which are added sundry documents relating to vaccination, etc (Philadelphia, 1818); A letter to C. H. Parry, M.D., ... on the influence of Artificial Eruptions in certain diseases. ... With an inquiry respecting the probable advantages to be derived from further experiments (London, 1822); The Note-Book of Edward Jenner in the possession of the Royal College of Physicians of London (Oxford University Press, London, 1931).
Edward Jenner was born in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, on 17 May 1749, the youngest son of Stephen Jenner, vicar at Berkeley. His father died when Jenner was five years old, and his eldest brother Stephen directed his education. From the age of eight he was sent to school at nearby Wotton-under-Edge, and then to Cirencester Grammar School. During his time at Cirencester Jenner developed an interest in natural history, collecting the fossils that were abundant in the area. In 1761 he was apprenticed to a surgeon, Daniel Ludlow of Sodbury, before, at the age of 21, enrolling as a resident house pupil of the great surgeon John Hunter, in London. Over the next two years he received his most important education, and began a lifelong friendship with Hunter. On Hunter's recommendation Jenner was employed to prepare some of the specimens brought back from James Cook's circumnavigation of the world in 1771. He went on to pursue his studies at St George's Hospital, London.
In 1773 he returned to Berkeley to set up practice, and soon became successful. In his spare time he made botanical and ornithological observations, continued to collect fossils, played the flute and violin, and wrote poetry. He made observations on the temperature of animals. Hunter encouraged him in this task, and upon his request Jenner sent him specimens of salmon-spawn, porpoises, cuckoos, and fossils.
Jenner helped establish a medical society in Rodborough, Gloucestershire, whose members met to read papers on medical subjects before dining together. Jenner contributed papers on angina pectoris, ophthalmia and valvular disease of the heart and commented on cowpox, which had already begun to concern him. He also belonged to a similar society which met in Alveston, near Bristol. In 1787 Jenner wrote a paper on the `Natural History of the Cuckoo', which was published in the Philosophical Transactions the following year. Some discrepancies exist in the text; due it is thought to the fact that Jenner had instructed his nephew to make the observations. The latter, upon being directed by Jenner to perform this task, gave his uncle an imaginary report. In 1788 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. It was in March of that year that Jenner married Catharine Kingscote.
Jenner's burgeoning practice forced him to give up surgery and midwifery. In 1792 he obtained his MD from the University of St Andrews. In 1793 he published `A Process for Preparing Pure Emetic Tartar by Recrystallisation' in the Transactions of the Society for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge.
In 1794 Jenner suffered severely from typhus fever. Upon his recovery he continued his investigations into the protective power of cowpox against smallpox, the commonest of diseases affecting all levels of society. He was at this time well aware of the widely held belief that diary maids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox. In May 1796 he vaccinated a young boy with lymph taken from vesicles of cowpox, which the boy accordingly developed. The boy was then inoculated with smallpox in July, which did not develop thus proving Jenner's argument. Jenner summarised his observations in a paper, `On the Cow-pox, the Original Paper', which was never printed. He stayed in London from April to July 1798 publicising his discovery in medical circles, however he failed to find any volunteers for vaccination. In June 1798 he published a fuller account, which became a medical classic, An Inquiry into the Cause and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, a Disease Discovered in Some of the Western Counties of England, Particularly Gloucestershire, and Known by the Name of the Cow-pox. Interest did arise after Jenner's return to Berkeley, from a surgeon at St Thomas's Hospital, London, who was vaccinating patients with lymph given to him by Jenner, but Jenner was not keen to return to the capital.
Opposition to Jenner's discovery inevitably arose and, in reply to his critics, Jenner published Further Observations on the Variolae Vaccinae or Cow-pox (1799). He continued his work on vaccination in Berkeley and in Cheltenham, before returning to London in March 1799. From 1800 he lived in the capital for part of each year. The practice of vaccination slowly began to gain ground, though errors due to carelessness and ignorance did occur. Developments included discussion on the establishment of a vaccine institution, sending lymph throughout England and abroad, being presented to the King and then the Queen, and vaccinating the 85th regiment and then the British fleet. In 1800 he published A Continuation of Facts and Observations Relative to the Variolae Vaccinae or Cow-pox, and A Complete Statement of Facts and Observations Relative to the Cow-pock. During 1801 he received a number of congratulatory addresses and medals, including a medal from the medical officers of the British fleet, a ring from the Empress of Russia, and a service of plate from the gentry of Gloucestershire.
In 1802, on the advice of his friends, he petitioned Parliament for remuneration due to the time spent on his discovery preventing him acquiring his professional income. With the King's recommendation the petition went to a committee, which investigated the usefulness of the discovery and Jenner's right to claim to be the discoverer. It was proposed that he be granted £10,000. It has been said that whilst he sought just public reward for his services he showed `complete freedom from any wish to enrich himself unworthily when riches were in his power' (DNB, 1892, p.324). Jenner returned to Berkeley until February 1803, when he again visited London. He became involved with the Jennerian Institution, a society concerned with promoting vaccination to eradicate smallpox. In 1808, with government aid, this society became the National Vaccine Establishment.
Jenner took a house in Mayfair and set up practice as a physician, but success was not forthcoming and he returned to Berkeley. He became a member of the Medical and Chirurgical Society on its foundation in 1805, and subsequently presented to them a number of papers. With his professional practice so impeded by his work promoting vaccination he again applied to Parliament for aid in 1806. An inquiry set up by the Royal College of Physicians reported favourably on the advantages of vaccination and the merits of Jenner. The House of Commons consequently awarded him £20,000.
In 1811 he was seriously ill. Upon his recovery he returned to London, and noticed that a significant number of cases of smallpox after vaccination were occurring. He found that in these cases the severity of the illness was notably diminished by the previous vaccination. In 1813 the University of Oxford awarded him the degree of MD.
In April 1814 he visited London for the last time, and stayed three months. He met the Czar, his sister the Duchess of Oldenburg, and the King of Prussia. He then returned first to Cheltenham, where his wife died in 1815, and then to live in Berkeley. In 1820 Jenner had an apoplexy attack from which he completely recovered. In 1821 he was appointed Physician Extraordinary to King George IV and was made Mayor of Berkeley and Justice of the Peace. In 1822 he published A Letter to C.H. Parry, MD, on the Influence of Artificial Eruptions in Certain Diseases Incidental to the Human Body, and wrote Observations on the Migration of Birds (1823), which he read to the Royal Society on 23 November 1822.
On 26 January 1823 he had another attack of apoplexy and died, one son and one daughter survived him, the eldest son having died of tuberculosis at the age of 21. Jenner was buried on 3 February 1823 in the chancel of the parish church of Berkeley. A marble statue of Jenner was erected in the nave of Gloucester Cathedral, whilst a bronze statue was erected in Trafalgar Square in 1858, which was moved to Kensington Gardens in 1862. Jenner made an invaluable contribution to medicine, with innumerable lives being saved throughout the world by his discovery. Vaccination became compulsory in the United Kingdom in 1853, and spread throughout Europe during the nineteenth century. In 1967 the World Health Organisation (WHO) launched a worldwide vaccination programme; by 1979 the disease was eradicated.
Publications:
An Inquiry into the Cause and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, a Disease Discovered in Some of the Western Counties of England, Particularly Gloucestershire, and Known by the Name of the Cow-pox (London, 1798)
Further Observations on the Variolae Vaccinae or Cow-pox (London, 1799)
A Continuation of Facts and Observations Relative to the Variolae Vaccinae or Cow-pox (1800)
A Complete Statement of Facts and Observations Relative to the Cow-pock, Thomas Paytherus, Edward Jenner, & William Woodville (London, 1800)
On the Origin of Vaccine Innoculation (London, 1801)
On the Varieties and Modifications of the Vaccine Pustule, Occasioned by an Herpetic State of the Skin (Cheltenham, 1806)
A Letter to C.H. Parry, MD, on the Influence of Artificial Eruptions in Certain Diseases Incidental to the Human Body (London, 1822)
Observations on the Migration of Birds (1823)
Publications by Others about Jenner:
The Life of Edward Jenner, John Baron (London, 1838)
Monument a Edward Jenner; Ou, Histoire Generale de la Vaccine a l'Occasion du Premier Centenaire de son Invention, Adolphe Pierre Burggraeve (Brussels, 1875)
Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Smallpox Vaccination, Louis Harry Roddis (Menasha, Wisconsin, 1930)
The Note-book of Edward Jenner in the Possession of the Royal College of Physicians of London, with an Introduction on Jenner's Work as a Naturalist by F. Dawtrey Drewitt, Frederick Dawtrey Drewitt (London, 1931)
Edward Jenner, Conqueror of Small Pox, Boswell Taylor (London, 1950)
A Bio-Bibliography of Edward Jenner, 1749-1823, William Richard LeFanu (London, 1951)
Dr Jenner of Berkeley, Dorothy Fisk (London, 1959)
Jenner and the Miracle of Vaccine, Edward F. Dolan, Jr. (New York, 1960)
Edward Jenner and Vaccination, Anthony John Harding Rains (London, 1974)
Edward Jenner's Cowpox Vaccine: The History of a Medical Myth, Peter Razzell (Firle, Sussex, 1980)
Letters of Edward Jenner and Other Documents Concerning the Early History of Vaccination, from the Henry Barton Jacobs Collection in the William H. Welch Medical Library, Genevieve Miller (ed.) (Baltimore, 1983)
Edward Jenner, Charles Bruce Perry ([Bristol] [1984?])
Edward Jenner, 1749-1823, Richard B. Fisher (London, 1991)
The Eradication of Smallpox: Edward Jenner and the First and Only Eradication of a Human Infectious Disease, Herve Bazin (San Diego, 2000)
Lucy Adela Jenner (b.1859) was the only daughter of Sir William Jenner (1815-1898) and Adela Lucy Leman Adey. William Jenner was physician to Queen Victoria. He married in 1858. Lucy was born in 1859, followed by five brothers.
Sir William Jenner: born at Chatham, 1815; studied medicine at University College London; apprenticed to a surgeon in Upper Baker Street, Regent's Park; admitted a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries and a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1837; commenced general practice at 12 Albany Street, Regent's Park; graduated MD at the University of London, 1844; began a detailed study of the cases of continued fever admitted to the London Fever Hospital, 1847; by clinical and post mortem examination of thirty-six patients, substantiated the suspicion that under the name of continued fever English physicians had confounded two different diseases, typhus and typhoid, and published papers which were instrumental in ensuring that the error could not be maintained; elected a member of the Royal College of Physicians (RCP), 1848; appointed Professor of Pathological Anatomy at University College London and Assistant Physician to University College Hospital, 1849; elected Fellow of the RCP, 1852; Physician to the Hospital for Sick Children in Great Ormond Street, 1852-1862; delivered the Gulstonian lectures, on `Acute Specific Diseases', RCP, 1853; Physician to the London Fever Hospital, 1853-1861; full Physician at University College Hospital, 1854-1876; at University College London, substituted for Dr Edmund Alexander Parkes, Holme Professor of Clinical Medicine, 1855-1856; nominated Physician in charge of the skin department of University College Hospital, 1856; succeeded Parkes as Holme Professor, 1860; appointed physician extraordinary to Queen Victoria, 1861; attended the Prince Consort during the attack of typhoid which caused his death, 1861; physician in ordinary to the Queen, 1862; appointed physician in ordinary to Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (afterwards King Edward VII), 1863; Professor of the principles and practice of medicine, University College London, 1863-1872; elected a fellow of the Royal Society, 1864; councillor, RCP, 1865-1867; President of the Epidemiological Society, 1866-1868; created a baronet, 1868; Honorary DCL, Oxford, 1870; censor, RCP, 1870-1871, 1880; attended the Prince of Wales during an attack of typhoid fever, 1871; KCB, 1872; President of the Pathological Society of London, 1873-1875; President of the Clinical Society, 1875; Harveian orator, RCP, 1876; elected a Consulting Physician at University College London, 1879; Hon LLD, Cambridge, 1880; President, RCP, 1881-1888; Hon LLD, Edinburgh, 1884; GCB (civil), 1889; commander of the order of Leopold of Belgium; retired from practice owing to ill-health, 1890; died at Greenwood, near Bishop's Waltham, Hants, 1898; buried at Durley; having acquired a lucrative practice, he left a large fortune; not only a physician but a friend of Queen Victoria. Publications: papers on typhoid and typhus fevers, published in the Monthly Journal of Medical Science (Edinburgh and London) for 1849, and in the Transactions of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, vol xxxiii (1850); On the Identity and Non-identity of Typhoid Fever (London, 1850; translated into French and published in two parts, Brussels, 1852-1853); Diphtheria, its Symptoms and Treatment (London, 1861); Lectures and Essays on Fevers and Diphtheria, 1849-79 (London, 1893); Clinical Lectures and Essays on Rickets, Tuberculosis, Abdominal Tumours, and other Subjects (London, 1895).
Charles John Hare: born, 1818; educated at Caius College Cambridge; graduated MB, 1841; received professional training at University College Hospital and at Paris; MD (Cambridge), 1847; member of the Royal College of Physicians, 1850; appointed Assistant Physician at University College Hospital, 1850; friend of Sir William Jenner; Physician, University College Hospital, 1858; elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1859; Professor of Clinical Medicine, University College Hospital, 1863; resigned, 1867; Consulting Physician, University College Hospital; senior member of University College Hospital Council; Consulting Physician to several north London dispensaries; examiner in medicine to the University of Cambridge; Honorary Treasurer to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society; President of the Harveian Society, Medical Society of London, North London Medical Society, and University College Medical Society; President of the Metropolitan Counties Branch of the British Medical Association, 1882-1883; died, 1898; buried at Highgate Cemetery, London. Publications: Too Hasty Generalization a hindrance to the progress of medicine as a science. An introductory address delivered before the North London Medical Society (London, 1855); Good remedies-out of fashion: Address ... delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Metropolitan Counties Branch of the British Medical Association (J & A Churchill, London, 1883).
Charles John Hare: born, 1818; educated at Caius College Cambridge; graduated MB, 1841; received professional training at University College Hospital and at Paris; MD (Cambridge), 1847; member of the Royal College of Physicians, 1850; appointed Assistant Physician at University College Hospital, 1850; friend of Sir William Jenner; Physician, University College Hospital, 1858; elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1859; Professor of Clinical Medicine, University College Hospital, 1863; resigned, 1867; Consulting Physician, University College Hospital; senior member of University College Hospital Council; Consulting Physician to several north London dispensaries; examiner in medicine to the University of Cambridge; Honorary Treasurer to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society; President of the Harveian Society, Medical Society of London, North London Medical Society, and University College Medical Society; President of the Metropolitan Counties Branch of the British Medical Association, 1882-1883; died, 1898; buried at Highgate Cemetery, London. Publications: 'Too Hasty Generalization a hindrance to the progress of medicine as a science. An introductory address delivered before the North London Medical Society' (London, 1855); 'Good remedies-out of fashion: Address ... delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Metropolitan Counties Branch of the British Medical Association' (J & A Churchill, London, 1883).
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Sir (William) Ivor Jennings, constitutional lawyer and educationalist, was born in Bristol on 16 May 1903 and died in Cambridge on 19 December 1965. Educated at Queen Elizabeth's Hospital, Bristol Grammar School and St Catharine's College, Cambridge, he had already begun a university career before he was called to the bar in 1928. His first academic appointment was as lecturer in law at Leeds University in 1925-1929, following which he taught at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), where he was first lecturer, (1929-1930) and then reader in English Law (1930-1940). His publications in this period included works on the poor law code, housing law, public health law, town and country planning law and laws relating to local government. He also wrote on constitutional matters in The Law and the Constitution (1933), Cabinet Government (1936) and Parliament (1939).
Appointed principal of University College, Ceylon in 1940, he was its first Vice-Chancellor (1942-1955) when it became the University of Ceylon. He described his life there in Road to Peradeniya, an unpublished autobiography (ref: C/14); see also Jennings' The Kandy Road (ed. H.A.I. Goonetileke, University of Peradeniya, 1993). He was frequently consulted on constitutional, educational and other matters and was Chairman of the Ceylon Social Services Commission (1944-1946), a member of the Commission on University Education in Malaya (1947), a member of the Commission on the Ceylon Constitution (1948), President of the Inter-University Board of India (1949-1950), Constitutional Adviser and Chief Draughtsman, Pakistan (1954-1955), a member of the Malayan Constitutional Commission (1956-1957), and Chairman of the Royal University of Malta Commission. He was also Professor of Political Science, University of British Columbia, in 1938-1939 and Visiting Professor, Australian National University in 1950.
As the colonial period ended, he became particularly interested in the Commonwealth and the newly independent nations and was valued as a commentator on the subject. He delivered the 1948-1949 Wayneflete lectures at Magdelen College, Oxford on The Commonwealth in Asia', the 1950 George Judah Cohen Memorial Lecture at the University of Sydney onThe Commonwealth of Nations', the 1957 Montague Burton lecture on International Relations at the University of Leeds on Nationalism, Colonialism and Neutralism' and a series onProblems of the New Commonwealth' at the Commonwealth Studies Center (now closed) at Duke University, South Carolina, USA in 1958. He re-published an earlier work on laws of the empire as Constitutional Laws of the Commonwealth (3ed. 1956) and published The Approach to Self-Government (1956) and works on Ceylon and Pakistan.
In 1954 he became Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge and Downing Professor of the Laws of England in 1962, holding both posts until his death. In later life he returned to his study of the British constitution, with the publication of Party Politics (1960-62). He was knighted in 1948, made a QC in 1949, and awarded the KBE in 1955.
According to the Post Office London Directory, 1889, Erdmann and Schanz were "boot and shoe importers and photo publishers".
Arthur Jermy Mounteney Jephson: born in Brentwood, Essex, 1858; educated at Tonbridge School, 1869-1874; a cadet with the Merchant Navy, serving on HMS Worcester, 1874-1876; joined the Antrim regiment of the Royal Irish Rifles, 1880; resigned his commission, 1884; accompanied H M Stanley's expedition to relieve Emin Pasha in Central Africa, 1887-1889; Medallist, Royal Geographical Society and Royal Brussels Geographical Society, 1890; following his return from Africa, suffered ill health, and his attempts to return to Africa were frustrated; Queen's Messenger, 1895-1901; King's Messenger from 1901; died, 1908. Publications include: Emin Pasha and the rebellion at the equator: a story of nine month's experiences in the last of the Soudan provinces ... with the revision and co-operation of Henry M Stanley (1890); Stories told in an African forest (1893).
Emin Pasha: born in Germany, 1840; originally named Eduard Schnitzer; a physician and explorer; served under General Charles Gordon in Sudan as a district medical officer, 1876-1878; succeeded Gordon as governor of Equatoria, the southernmost province of the Egyptian Sudan, 1878; isolated from the outside world by the Mahdist uprising, 1885; European explorers including H M Stanley were sent to rescue him, 1887; eventually agreed to accompany Stanley to Mombasa, 1889; murdered while engaged in exploration for Germany in the Lake Tanganyika region, 1892.
Sir Henry Morton Stanley: born in Denbigh, Wales, 1841; originally named John Rowlands; Anglo-American journalist and empire builder; took the name of his adoptive father in New Orleans; became a naturalized US citizen; fought in the American Civil War; became a journalist; commissioned to go to Africa to find the explorer David Livingstone, whom he located on Lake Tanganyika, 1871; returned to England with news of his discovery; led a second expedition to further Livingstone's explorations, 1874-1877; followed the Congo River from its source to the sea; accepted the invitation of Leopold II of Belgium to head another expedition, and helped to organize the future Independent State of the Congo, 1879-1884; at the Berlin Conference (1884-1885), instrumental in obtaining American support for Leopold's Congo venture; his last African journey was to find Emin Pasha, 1887-1889; again became a British subject, 1892; sat in Parliament, 1895-1900; Knight, 1899; died, 1904. Publications include: In Darkest Africa (1890), giving his account of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition.
Landmines: Hidden Assassins was a special report produced by Jeremy Isaacs Productions for CNN (Cable News Network) and broadcast on CNN, December 1997. It was produced by Jeremy Isaacs, Pat Mitchell and Wayne Derrick and narrated by CNN Senior International Correspondent Christine Amanpour.
The Cold War, a 24 part television documentary series conceived by Robert Edward (Ted) Turner, and produced by Jeremy Isaacs Productions for CNN (Cable News Network), broadcast on BBC2, 1998-1999.
The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.
Jerez de la Frontera is a popular tourist destination in south-west Spain.
Betty Jerman (fl 1950-fl 1999) was a journalist and author. She was a fashion and interior design writer on The Guardian from 1950-1956. In 1960 she sparked the correspondence that would lead to the formation of the National Women's Register (NWR) by writing an article for the Manchester Guardian on how boredom affected young mothers' creativity and opportunities for making friends. When NWR was granted charitable status in 1980, Betty was appointed one of the three trustees - a position she held for nineteen years. In 1971 she wrote a series of articles for The Guardian on the case of Pauline Jones, who was sentenced to 3 years in Holloway prison for the abduction of baby Denise Weller. Jerman's articles prompted a 'Free Pauline Jones' campaign. Jerman continued to be interested in cases of 'baby-snatching', amassing many press cuttings on the subject from 1971-2002. She is the author of various publications, including 'The Lively-Minded Women', which charts the history of the first 20 years of the NWR, and 'Kids' Britain'.
The authoress was the daughter of the Suffolk Antiquary, Henry Jermyn [1767-1820]. She married her cousin James Jermyn [ -1852], the philologist.
Henry Jermyn, 3rd Baron Dover (1636-1708), was a prominent figure at the Restoration Court. He was a Roman Catholic in the household of James Duke of York and, on James' accession, began to take part in public affairs. In 1685 was raised to the peerage as Baron Dover of Dover and in 1636 became a member of the Privy Council. He followed James into exile in France and was given "Jacobite peerages". After the Battle of the Boyne, where he commanded a troop, Dover was eventually pardoned by William III and spent the rest of his life quietly at his home in Albermarle Buildings near St. James's Park or at his country seat at Cheveley near Newmarket. In 1703 he succeeded his brother as 3rd Baron Jermyn of St. Edmundsbury. He died at Cheveley on 6 April 1708 and his body was taken to Bruges to be buried in the church of the Carmelites. His wife, whom he married in 1675, was Judith daughter of Sir Edmund Poley of Badley, Suffolk.
Sir Thomas Saunders Sebright, 4th baronet, of Flamstead, Herts., was born 11 May 1692 and died 12 April 1736. He succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father in 1702, and was M.P. for Hertfordshire from 1715 until his death.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Rowland Christopher Jerram joined the Royal Navy in 1907 and was transported at once to join HMS KING ALFRED at the China Station. He was promoted to Clerk, then joined HMS INVINCIBLE as part of the Home Fleet in 1910. In 1911, he was promoted to Assistant Paymaster and joined HMS NEPTUNE, later making Paymaster Lieutenant in 1913. During the First World War, Jerram served aboard HMS IRON DUKE with the Grand Fleet, before joining HMS LION and taking part in the Battle of Dogger Bank in 1915. In 1917 he joined HMS QUEEN ELIZABETH, which took part in the surrender of the German High Seas Fleet in November 1918. After the war, Jerram was appointed Secretary to Admiral Sir Ernie Chatfield, (later Lord Chatfield), 4th Sea Lord. Jerram remained as Chatfield's secretary until 1940, during which time the Admiral had been appointed 3rd Sea Lord, C-in-C Home Fleet, C-in-C Mediterranean Fleet, 1st Sea Lord, Chairman of the Commission on the Defence of India and Minister for co-ordination of Defences. During this time Jerram also took promotions, being made Paymaster Lieutenant-Commander in 1921, Paymaster Commander in 1929 and Paymaster Captain in 1938. From 1942-43, Jerram served on HMS CLEOPATRA, which took part in the raising of the siege of Malta in 1942. In 1943 he was appointed Secretary to Combined Operations HQ under Earl Mountbatten, who he subsequently followed to the South-East Asian theatre as Comptroller HQ SACSEA from 1943-45. After one further appointment as the head of the Admiralty Mission to the Mediterranean in 1945, Jerram retired as Rear-Admiral in December the same year.
Martyn Jerram entered the Navy as a navigating cadet in 1871. He served in home waters in the VALOUROUS, 1873, and the HERCULES, 1873 to 1874, and was then in the MONARCH, 1874 to 1877, Mediterranean, with two short periods spent in the CRUISER in 1876 and the SWIFTSURE in 1877. In 1881 he became a lieutenant and was on the China Station from 1882 to 1883 in the IRON DUKE. He took out the new torpedo boat CHILDERS, built for the government of Victoria, Australia, in 1884 and was then appointed to the REINDEER, East Indies Station, and in 1889 to the CONQUEST. In 1891 Jerram was called upon to act as vice-consul in Mpanda, Tanganyka, until the British South Africa Company's expedition to Mashonaland had disembarked. He became a commander in 1894, a captain in 1899, a rear-admiral in 1908 and was appointed second-in-command in the Mediterranean, 1910 to 1912. From 1913 to 1915 he was Commander-in-Chief, China, and had to counter Von Spee's powerful squadron. To make best use of his ships, Jerram shifted his flag on shore at Singapore. From 1915 to 1916 he commanded the Second Battle Squadron, Grand Fleet, and led the line at Jutland, handing over his command when Beatty became Commander-in-Chief. When the Naval Welfare Committee was established, Jerram became its President.
Douglas Jerrold was born into a theatrical family in 1803 and became a prolific playwright and journalist. His plays included "Black-Eyed Susan" and "The Rent Day". He was a frequent contributor to "Punch" after its launch in 1841: "Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures", which Jerrold wrote in 1845, was particularly popular. Jerrold also wrote for his own periodicals such as the monthly "Douglas Jerrold's Shilling Magazine".
Walter Copeland Jerrold was born in Liverpool in 1865. He married Clara Bridgeman in 1895 and they had 6 children. The subjects of Jerrold's books include Thomas Hood, Charles Lamb and George Meredith, as well as Jerrold's grandfather, the playwright and journalist Douglas William Jerrold. Walter Copeland Jerrold died in London in 1929
The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d. 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.
The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d. 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.
In 1800 the Manor of Hayes was sold to the executors of Robert Child's will and was therefore added to Osterley and passed to Lady Sarah Sophia Fane and her husband the Earl of Jersey. They sold the Manor in 1829 to Robert Willis Blencowe.
The Manors of Norwood and Southall were united in 1547. In 1754 they were sold to Agatha Child who left them to her son Francis Child. They were united with the Manor of Hayes and followed the same descent-passing to the Jersey family and then sold to Robert Willis Blencowe.
For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online).
See also 'Hayes: Manors and other estates' and 'Norwood, including Southall: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 26-29 and pp. 43-45.
The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.
The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d. 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.
In 1800 the Manor of Hayes was sold to the executors of Robert Child's will and was therefore added to Osterley and passed to Lady Sarah Sophia Fane and her husband the Earl of Jersey. They sold the Manor in 1829 to Robert Willis Blencowe.
The Manors of Norwood and Southall were united in 1547. In 1754 they were sold to Agatha Child who left them to her son Francis Child. They were united with the Manor of Hayes and followed the same descent-passing to the Jersey family and then sold to Robert Willis Blencowe.
For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online).
See also 'Hayes: Manors and other estates' and 'Norwood, including Southall: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 26-29 and pp. 43-45.
The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d. 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.
The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d. 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Sarah was a prominent society hostess; while her husband preferred to stay on the family estates and breed horses.
Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.
For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online). For biographies of the Earls of Jersey see the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d. 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.
The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d. 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.
In 1800 the Manor of Hayes was sold to the executors of Robert Child's will and was therefore added to Osterley and passed to Lady Sarah Sophia Fane and her husband the Earl of Jersey. They sold the Manor in 1829 to Robert Willis Blencowe.
The Manors of Norwood and Southall were united in 1547. In 1754 they were sold to Agatha Child who left them to her son Francis Child. They were united with the Manor of Hayes and followed the same descent-passing to the Jersey family and then sold to Robert Willis Blencowe.
For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online).
See also 'Hayes: Manors and other estates' and 'Norwood, including Southall: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 26-29 and pp. 43-45.
The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d. 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.
The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.
In 1800 the Manor of Hayes was sold to the executors of Robert Child's will and was therefore added to Osterley and passed to Lady Sarah Sophia Fane and her husband the Earl of Jersey. They sold the Manor in 1829 to Robert Willis Blencowe.
The Manors of Norwood and Southall were united in 1547. In 1754 they were sold to Agatha Child who left them to her son Francis Child. They were united with the Manor of Hayes and followed the same descent-passing to the Jersey family and then sold to Robert Willis Blencowe.
For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online).
See also 'Hayes: Manors and other estates' and 'Norwood, including Southall: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 26-29 and pp. 43-45.
The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.
The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.
In 1800 the Manor of Hayes was sold to the executors of Robert Child's will and was therefore added to Osterley and passed to Lady Sarah Sophia Fane and her husband the Earl of Jersey. They sold the Manor in 1829 to Robert Willis Blencowe.
The Manors of Norwood and Southall were united in 1547. In 1754 they were sold to Agatha Child who left them to her son Francis Child. They were united with the Manor of Hayes and followed the same descent-passing to the Jersey family and then sold to Robert Willis Blencowe.
The Manor of Wick (or Wyke) was sold to the Earl of Jersey in 1802 and incorporated into the Osterley estates.
For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online).
See also 'Hayes: Manors and other estates' and 'Norwood, including Southall: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 26-29 and pp. 43-45.
The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.
The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d. 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.
For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online).
The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.
The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.
In 1800 the Manor of Hayes was sold to the executors of Robert Child's will and was therefore added to Osterley and passed to Lady Sarah Sophia Fane and her husband the Earl of Jersey. They sold the Manor in 1829 to Robert Willis Blencowe.
The Manors of Norwood and Southall were united in 1547. In 1754 they were sold to Agatha Child who left them to her son Francis Child. They were united with the Manor of Hayes and followed the same descent-passing to the Jersey family and then sold to Robert Willis Blencowe.
For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online).
See also 'Hayes: Manors and other estates' and 'Norwood, including Southall: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 26-29 and pp. 43-45.
These are the only surviving records of the Jerusalem Coffee House, of Fleece Passage, Cornhill, later known as 32-33 Cowper's Court. The Jerusalem Coffee House was frequented by managing owners of East India Company ships and East India merchants and brokers. The Jerusalem Coffee House became "The Jerusalem Limited" in 1880 as the coffee house was demolished in 1879 and replaced by a purpose built commercial resort, sale, exchange and news rooms.
In 1892 the Jerusalem became the Jerusalem Shipping Exchange of 22 Billiter Street, setting itself up as a rival to the newly established London Shipping Exchange. The London Shipping Exchange was more successful and bought out the Jerusalem Shipping Exchange later that year. In 1900 the London Shipping Exchange amalgamated with the Baltic Committee to become the Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange Limited.
The Baltic Exchange was based successively at Threadneedle Street and St Mary Axe. It was founded in 1744 as the Virginia and Baltic Coffee House, established as a meeting place for merchants trading with Virginia or the Baltic. From 1823, it was known as the Baltic Coffee House; later becoming the Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange Limited (1900-1981/2). In 1857 the Exchange formed the Baltic Company Limited to purchase South Sea House (wound up in 1899). In 1899 the Exchange formed a committee called the City of London Exchange Syndicate to purchase a site in Jeffrey's Square (wound up in 1900). From the late 19th century to the end of the 20th century, the Exchange became a worldwide centre for freight and records of many thousand ship charters are held.
The Jerusalem Coffee House was frequented by managing owners of East India Company ships and East India merchants and brokers. In 1892 the Jerusalem became the Jerusalem Shipping Exchange of 22 Billiter Street, setting itself up as a rival to the newly established London Shipping Exchange. The London Shipping Exchange was more successful and bought out the Jerusalem Shipping Exchange later that year. In 1903 the London Shipping Exchange amalgamated with the Baltic Committee to become the Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange Limited.
Jervis, son of Swynfen Jervis, Counsel to the Admiralty between 1747 and 1757, entered the Navy against his father's wishes in 1749. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1755, served with distinction in the Seven Years War and reached captain's rank in 1760. He served in the Channel during the American War of Independence. After the war he became a Member of Parliament, representing Launceston, Yarmouth and Wycombe successively. In 1787 Jervis became a rear-admiral and in 1793 a vice-admiral. He was Commander-in-chief of the West Indies Expedition, 1793 to 1794, capturing Martinique and Guadeloupe. He returned home in 1795 and in the same year was promoted to admiral and appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean. In February 1797 he defeated the Spanish fleet off Cape St. Vincent, for which victory he was created an earl. He gave up his command in 1799. After a brief period in command of the Channel Fleet he served as First Lord of the Admiralty, 1801 to 1804. His term of office aroused considerable controversy and he refused further service afloat until after the death of Pitt, but took the Channel command in 1806. He resigned after a further change of ministry in 1807. In 1821 he was made Admiral of the Fleet. Among a number of biographies is Jedediah Tucker, Memoirs of Admiral the Rt. Hon.The Earl of St. Vincent G.C.B.. (London, 1844), while some correspondence has been published by David Bonner-Smith, ed., 'Letters of Admiral of the Fleet the Earl of St. Vincent whilst First Lord of the Admiralty 1801 to 1804' (Navy Records Society, 1922, 1927, 2 vols).