Canon Leslie Gready was born in 1933, educated at Southampton University and Wells Theological College, and ordained priest in 1957. After working in Liverpool, 1956-1959, he was based in Isandhlwana, South Africa, 1959-1960, and subsequently worked as a priest in Rhodesia ( he was Director of Training in Matabeleland, 1961-1973). In 1966 he photographed two policemen beating a black african in the Lukampa Rest Camp. He had a conversation with the local police troop commander, and reported the incident to the Ministry of Justice.
Sir (William) Keith Hancock was born in Melbourne, Australia on 26 June 1898. and obtained his BA at Melbourne University. He was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, 1922-1923, and obtained a BA with 1st class honours in modern history. In 1923 he was the first Australian to be awarded a Fellowship at All Souls College, Oxford, and in 1924 he returned to Australia to be professor of modern history at Adelaide University. He was professor of modern history at Birmingham University from 1933-1944, and professor of economic history at Oxford University, 1944-1949. He was appointed to the War Cabinet Offices as Supervisor of Civil Histories, 1941, and thereafter editor of series. In 1949 he became the first director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, and professor of British Commonwealth affairs, London University. In 1954 he headed an inquiry into constitutional problems in Buganda. The Report was published by HMSO in 1954 as Cmd 9320, Uganda Protectorate Buganda [Namirembe Conference].
In 1957 he became director of the Research School of Social Sciences at Australian National University (ANU), and was created the first University Fellow of ANU on his retirement in 1961. He was knighted in 1953, and awarded the KBE in 1965.
Publications: Ricasolo 1926), Australia (1930), Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs (1937, 1940 and 1942), Politics in Pitcairn (with M M Gowing) (1947); British War Economy (1949), Country and Calling (1954), War and Peace in this Century (1961), Smuts: The Sanguine Years, 1870-1919 Vol 1 (1962), The Fields of Force, 1919-1950 Vol 2 (1968), Discovering Monaro(1972), Professing History (1976), Perspective in History(1982), Testimony(1985).
Not known
2nd Lt H M C Ledger, the son of Horace and Kathleen Ella Ledger, and husband of Ellinor Ledger was commissioned in the Indian Army Reserve of Officers, and served initially in a Regiment of the Egyptian Army before training as an Observer in the Royal Flying Corps. In 1915 he was attached to the French Seaplane Squadron in Palestine. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre in Nov 1915 and twice mentioned in the Commanding Admiral's 'Ordre du Jour'. He was shot down and killed near Beersheba on 22 Dec 1915.
Leonard T Burgess was a member of the Irrigation Department, Ceylon. No other biographical details are available.
Anthony McAdam was a Lecturer in the Department of Political Sciences, University College, Rhodesia in the 1960s and early 1970s. He later taught at Stirling University.
Guy Mainwaring, Senior Superintendent of Polce, North Western Province, Ceylon, 1931.
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born at Qunu, near Umtata on 18 July 1918. His father, Henry Mgadla Mandela, was chief councillor to Thembuland's acting paramount chief David Dalindyebo. When his father died, Mandela became the chief's ward to be groomed to assume high office. However, influenced by the cases that came before the Chief's court, he determined to become a lawyer. After receiving a primary education at a local mission school, Mandela matriculated at Healdtown Methodist Boarding School and then started a BA degree at Fort Hare. As a Student Representative Council member he participated in a student strike and was expelled, along with Oliver Tambo, in 1940. He completed his degree by correspondence from Johannesburg, did articles of clerkship and enrolled for an LLB at the University of the Witwatersrand.In 1944 he helped found the African National Congress (ANC) Youth League, whose Programme of Action was adopted by the ANC in 1949.
Mandela was elected national volunteer-in-chief of the 1952 Defiance Campaign. He travelled the country organising resistance to discriminatory legislation. He was given a suspended sentence for his part in the campaign. Shortly afterwards a banning order confined him to Johannesburg for six months. By 1952 Mandela and Tambo had opened the first black legal firm in the country, and Mandela was both Transvaal president of the ANC and deputy national president. A petition by the Transvaal Law Society to strike Mandela off the roll of attorneys was refused by the Supreme Court.In the 1950s after being forced through constant bannings to resign officially from the ANC, Mandela analysed the Bantustan policy as a political swindle. He predicted mass removals, political persecutions and police terror.
When the ANC was banned after the Sharpeville massacre in 1960, he was detained until 1961 when he went underground to lead a campaign for a new national convention. Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the military wing of the ANC, was born the same year. Under his leadership it launched a campaign of sabotage against government and economic installations. In 1962 Mandela left the country for military training in Algeria and to arrange training for other MK members. On his return he was arrested for leaving the country illegally and for incitement to strike. He conducted his own defence. He was convicted and jailed for five years in November 1962. While serving his sentence, he was charged, in the Rivonia trial, with sabotage and sentenced to life imprisonment.
Shortly after his release on Sunday 11 February 1990, Mandela and his delegation agreed to the suspension of armed struggle. He was inaugurated as the first democratically elected State President of South Africa on 10 May 1994. Nelson Mandela retired from public life in June 1999. He currently resides in his birth place - Qunu, Transkei.
Joel Joffe was born in 1932, and educated at Marist Brothers' College, Johannesburg and Witwatersrand University. He became a solicitor in 1956 and a barrister in 1962. He worked as a human rights lawyer, 1958-1965, and acted as Nelson Mandela's instructing solicitor in the Rivonia Treason Trial, 1963-1964. He was Director and Secretary of Abbey Life Assurance, 1965-1970, and Director, Joint Managing Director and Deputy Chairman of Allied Dunbar Life Assurance, 1971-1991. He was appointed Chairman of Oxfam in 1995, and created a life peer as Baron Joffe in 2000.
Walter Edward Guinness was born in Dublin on 29 March 1880, the 3rd son of the 1st Earl of Iveagh. From Eton he volunteered for service in the South African war, where he was wounded and mentioned in despatches. In 1907 he was elected to Parliament as conservative member for Bury St Edmunds, which he continued to represent until 1931. During World War One Guinness again served with distinction in the Suffolk Yeomanry in Egypt, and at Gallipoli. In 1922 he was appointed Under Secretary for War, the first of several political appointments which culminated in his term of office as Minister of Agriculture, Nov 1925-Jun 1929.
After the Conservative defeat in 1929 he retired from office and was created Baron Moyne of Bury St Edmunds. He was now able to indulge his love of travel and exploration, and he was also frequently called upon to chair commissions of enquiry - the Financial Mission to Kenya, 1932, the Departmental Committee on Housing, 1933, the Royal Commission on the University of Durham, 1934 and the West India Royal Commisson, 1938-1939.
During World War Two he again took political office, becoming Secretary of State for the Colonies and Leader of the House of Lords in 1941. In August 1942 he was appointed Deputy Minister of State in Cairo, and in January 1944 Minister Resident in the Middle East. On 6 November 1944 he was assassinated in Cairo by members of the Stern gang.
The West India Royal Commission was a comprehensive investigation of the social and economic condition of all the British territories in the Caribbean. Led by Lord Moyne, the Commission held public hearings throughout the region, and recommended sweeping reforms in everything from employment practices and social welfare, to radical political change. The full findings of the commission were not published until 1945 but an immediate start was made upon the implementation of less controversial recommendations. The British government decided to make substantial increases in the amount of money available for colonial development of all kinds and set about creating a framework for change.
Miles Anthony Pedder was Honorary Secretary of the United Federal Party, Rhodesia from 1955-1962. He left politics following the victory of the Rhodesia Front in the General Election, Dec 1962.
Michael Roberts is a Sri Lankan Australian whose secondary and university education was undertaken in Sri Lanka where he graduated with honours in History at the University of Peradeniya before proceeding to Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship. Completing his doctorate on British agrarian policies in 19th century Ceylon, he taught at the Department of History, University of Peradeniya from 1966 to 1975. He has been teaching at the Department of Anthropology, University of Adelaide since 1977 and has held a position of Reader since 1984.
The Royal Commonwealth Society was founded in 1868 as the Colonial Society. It was renamed the Royal Colonial Institute in 1870 and the Royal Empire Society in 1928. It adopted its current name in 1958. It is a pan-Commonwealth Non-Governmental Organisation, supported by a world-wide membership, working to inform and educate about the Commonwealth.The RCS Library contains about 300,000 printed items and over 70,000 photographs. At the beginning of the 1990's, it appeared that the Society would be forced to break up and sell the collection. A £3 million appeal launched in 1992, saved the Library for the nation and enabled it to be moved to Cambridge University Library, where it remains on permanent deposit.
The Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, was founded in 1949 to promote advanced study of the Commonwealth.
James McInroy came to Demerara in 1782, and planted or acquired a sugar plantation soon after his arrival. By 1790 he was joined by Samuel Sandbach, Charles Stewart Parker and George Robertson, and the company, McInroy Sandbach & Co. was founded. At first the head office was in Glasgow under the name McInroy Parker & Co., and in 1804 a branch was founded in Liverpool, which later became the company headquaters. In 1813 Philip Tinne was taken into the partnership and the company became known as Sandbach, Tinne & Co in Liverpool, and McInroy Sandbach & Co in Demerara (in 1861 changed to Sandbach Parker & Co). They were importers and exporters, shipping and estate agents, mainly concerned with sugar, coffee, molasses and rum, but also in 'prime Gold Coast Negroes' (J Rodway: 'History of British Guiana', 1893). The families intermarried and the sons and sons-in-law entered the business.
The earliest accounts available at Companies House are for 1948. These show Parkers, a Sandbach and later a Tinne still involved in the company. However they are a part of a larger group Demerara Co. Ltd. In the early 1960s the company experienced its first losses, and several shake ups in the Board of Directors followed. Business continued to go badly, and by 1969 the Company had been taken over by Jessel Securities. Sandbach Industries went into liquidation in 1969, and K R Hunt Ltd and Sandbach Export Ltd were sold off.The company was wound up in 1972, and Jessel Securities itself later went into liquidation.
The Parliament of South Africa was established by the Act of Union of 1910. There are two houses: the Senate and the House of Assembly. On the outbreak of World War One the Government of South Africa declared war on Germany and her allies, and invaded German South West Africa. There was an anti-British rebellion in the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
The Southern Rhodesia African National Congress was founded in 1957 under the leadership of Joshua Nkomo. It was banned by the Government in 1959, and several prominent members were arrested and detained. The detainees were released early in 1961. Their claim for compensation does not appear to have been successful.
Between 16 and 24 June 1976 there was widespread rioting in the African townships of South Africa, the worst since the Sharpeville massacre in 1960. The disturbances began in Soweto, the immediate cause was the compulsory use of the Afrikaans language as the medium of instruction in Bantu schools. The rioting quickly spead to other townships. The official death toll was put at 176. The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution condemning the South African Government for 'massive violence against and killings of the African people including schoolchilden and students and others opposing racial discrimination'.
In 1959 the South African National Party Government passed the extension of University Education Act which prohibited the admission of any person not classed as 'white' to universities, other than those established specifically for them, without a permit from the Minister of State. This legislation was strenuously opposed by the University of Cape Town and others. Following an inquiry into education, the Government published the Universities Amendment Bill in 1983, which altered the rules in that rather than a permit system, universities were to be prohibited from admitting black students beyond a quota to be stipulated annually by the Minister. Once again there was considerable opposition to the proposed new legislation, and the Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University of Cape Town sent copies of material to contacts in the UK, for use in campaigning against the Bill. The papers in this collection comprise a set of this material
Sir Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett was born in Brooklyn in 1849, of American parents. He was educated at Torquay and Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated with 1st class honours in Law and Modern History in 1872 and was President of the Union, defeating H.H. Asquith in a famous contest. He was an examiner of the Education Department, 1874-80. He was called to the bar in 1877. In the same year he founded the Patriotic Association, which aimed to counter pro-Russian feeling in the country. His obituary in the Times (20 Jan 1902) reported that he was a fine orator and attracted large crowds - for a time his popularity "with provincial audiences" was second only to that of Lord Randolph Churchill - though his style was not so suited to the House of Commons, where he was often regarded as an eccentric figure. He was MP (Con) for Suffolk (Eye) - a seat in the gift of Lord Beaconsfield - from 1880 to 1885, and for Ecclesall Division, Sheffield, from 1885 until his death in 1902. He was Civil Lord of the Admiralty in Lord Salisbury's governments in 1885-86 and 1886-1892 and was knighted in 1892.
Throughout Sir Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett's political career his main theme was Britain's imperial role; he believed that Turkey's security was crucial to the Empire and was well known as a supporter of Turkish interests. Another long-term concern was that Swaziland should become a British, rather than Boer, territory. In 1880 he began to publish a weekly newspaper, England, which lasted until 1898 but was never very successful - its demise led to bankruptcy proceedings that were only settled in 1901. In April-May 1897 he travelled to Greece and Turkey with his son (see below) as a guest of the Sultan; he observed events in the Graeco-Turkish War, and described them in The Battlefields of Thessaly (1897).
Who Was Who 1897-1915 (London, 1935) records that he served in the South African war in 1900, but it was his son who served there in the Bedfordshire Regiment, though Sir Ellis was at one time a Lieutenant in the West Yorkshire Regiment, a militia unit. He did, however, visit South Africa and Swaziland (where he had been negotiating with rulers) in 1900-01, meeting his son by chance in Bloemfontein's main street (A/2/1/71). He died on 18 January 1902.
Publications: Shall England keep India? (W. H. Allen & Co.: London, 1886); Union or Separation ... Also an Analysis of Mr. Gladstone's "Home Rule" Bill (7ed., National Union: London, 1893); British, Natives & Boers in the Transvaal ... The appeal of the Swazi people (McCorquodale & Co.: London, 1894); The Transvaal Crisis. The case for the British-Uitlander-residents in the Transvaal (3ed., Patriotic Association: London, 1896); The Battlefields of Thessaly. With personal experiences in Turkey and Greece, etc. (John Murray: London, 1897).
Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett was the eldest son of Sir Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett (1849-1902). Born in 1881, he was educated at Marlborough College. In 1897, at the age of 17, he accompanied his father to Turkey as the guest of the Sultan and followed the Turkish army in its campaign against the Greeks. At one point the party was arrested by the Greeks as spies. Ashmead-Bartlett had begun studying to become a barrister when he left with his regiment for the South African War in February 1900. At the end of May he was taken ill, sent home and spent 7 months in hospital. By early in 1901 he was in Marseilles and Monte Carlo, supposedly for recuperation (A/3), and in May 1901 he returned to London to stay with his uncle and aunt, the Burdett-Coutts, and continued his legal studies.
It was not until 1904 that he began his career as a war correspondent by covering the siege of the Russian port of Port Arthur by the Japanese, entering the city with the victors. His account, Port Arthur: the siege and capitulation (London 1906) was well received. For the next few years he mixed a full social life in London and the country and in Paris (as described in his diaries) with periods as a war correspondent and writer and a developing political career. As Reuters' special correspondent he accompanied the French army in Morocco (1907-08), the Spanish in Morocco (1909) and the Italians in Tripoli (1911). At home he fought the safe Labour seat of Normanton in Yorkshire for the Conservatives in January 1910 and the Liberal seat of Poplar in December 1910. He was then employed by the Daily Telegraph to be its correspondent in the Balkans and he covered the two Balkan wars of 1912-1913.
At the outbreak of war in 1914 Ashmead-Bartlett returned from Bucharest to volunteer for his old regiment, but was turned down for medical reasons. He was selected by the National Press Association (Lord Burnham, proprietor of the Daily Telegraph, was the chairman) as the London Press representative on the Dardanelles Campaign, which began in March 1915. He was soon critical of the conduct of the campaign by the Allied commander Sir Ian Hamilton and the General Staff. Returning to London in June 1915 (having survived the sinking of the 'Majestic' on 26 May) he discussed the campaign with senior ministers and politicians (Asquith, Balfour, Carson, Bonar Law, Churchill, Kitchener) and presented a memorandum on the subject to the cabinet.
Ashmead-Bartlett returned to the Dardanelles at the end of June, his equipment now including a movie camera which he used to make the only moving pictures of the campaign. Further disastrous landings and assaults in August and, in his view, the continued mismanagement of the campaign led him to make another attempt to influence the government, by sending a letter to the Prime Minister with Australian correspondent Keith Murdoch. Though the letter was seized by the military authorities, Murdoch wrote another version from memory, and this was delivered to Asquith via the Australian PM Fisher. Ashmead-Bartlett was dismissed as a war correspondent in the Dardanelles on 30 September 1915 (he had already unsuccessfully applied to the NPA to be relieved).
Exactly how much effect his interventions had will probably remain unclear, but Ashmead-Bartlett might have been partly responsible for the withdrawal from Gallipoli in 1915 and the subsequent resignation of Churchill. The issue of Ashmead-Bartlett's role in the campaign continued to be raised well after it ended. He was invited to give evidence to the Dardanelles Commission in 1917 and the publication of his books, Ashmead Bartlett's Despatches from the Dardanelles (1916) and The Uncensored Dardanelles (1928), and those of Sir Ian Hamilton and others usually caused a flurry of articles and letters in the press. Even in 1933, after his death, his family were prompted to defend him in the Daily Telegraph following more allegations from Hamilton (E/30). (For an account of his involvement in the Dardanelles campaign and its aftermath, see K. Fewster, 'Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett and the Making of the Anzac Legend' in Journal of Australian Studies No.10, June 1982, pp.17-30)
Ashmead-Bartlett claimed that the War Office persecuted him after his dismissal and in 1916 attempted to prevent him delivering a series of lectures on the Dardanelles campaign in England, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Certainly he was never permitted to accompany British or Dominion troops again, and on his return to Britain he worked for the Daily Telegraph as one of the British Press group attached to the French Army at the headquarters of Marshal Joffre. In 1918 he sought a post as a correspondent with the American Army in France, but was rejected, apparently as a result of War Office objections.
In 1919 Ashmead-Bartlett was again employed by the Daily Telegraph, reporting on events in Central Europe. He spent several months in Austria, Poland, Romania and Hungary, and was horrified by the threat of Bolshevism in the region. In Budapest he became directly involved in political intrigue during the Hungarian revolution, working with an anti-Bolshevik faction and lobbying British ministers on their behalf.
Despite being based in Paris he re-entered British politics and was narrowly defeated by the Labour candidate in North Hammersmith in 1923, but won the seat in 1924. As an MP his main concern was foreign policy. In 1926 he was obliged to resign his seat because of bankruptcy. He returned to work as a special correspondent for the Daily Telegraph, reporting on, inter alia, the civil war in China in 1927, Soviet Russia in 1928, Palestine in 1929, and India in 1930. At the same time he continued to publish books based on his newspaper writings.
He became ill while covering the Spanish Revolution and died at Lisbon on 4 May 1931.
Publications: Port Arthur: the siege and capitulation (W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh & London, 1906); The Immortals and the Channel Tunnel. A discussion in Valhalla (W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh & London, 1907); Richard Langhorne. The romance of a Socialist (W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh & London, 1908); The Passing of the Shereefian Empire (W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh & London, 1910); in collaboration with Seabury Ashmead-Bartlett, With the Turks in Thrace (William Heinemann: London, 1913); Ashmead Bartlett's Despatches from the Dardanelles (George Newnes: London, 1916); Some of my Experiences in the Great War (George Newnes: London, 1918); The Tragedy of Central Europe (Thornton Butterworth: London, 1923); The Uncensored Dardanelles (Hutchinson & Co.: London, 1928); The Riddle of Russia (Cassell & Co.: London, 1929).
Sir Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett's younger brother and Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett's uncle was Rt. Hon. William Lehman Ashmead Bartlett Burdett-Coutts (1851-1921). He married Angela, Baroness Burdett-Coutts (1823-1906), and assumed her surname. He was also an MP (Con, Westminster, 1885-1921).
Hugh Russell Tinker was born in 1921 in Essex, and educated in Taunton School and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He served in the Indian Army 1941-1945, and was then employed in the Indian civil administration until 1946. Thereafter he followed an academic career as a historian, as Lecturer, Reader and Professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1948-1969; Director of the Institute of Race Relations, 1970-1972; Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1972-1977; and Professor of Politics, University of Lancaster, 1977-1982, of which he was Emeritus Professor until his death. In addition, he held brief overseas professorships, at Rangoon in 1954-1955, and Cornell, USA, 1959. As an active member of the Liberal Party, Tinker stood as a candidate in general elections, for Barnet in 1964 and 1966, and for Morecambe and Lonsdale in 1979. He was involved in the party's immigration and race relations panel in the early 1970s. He was also Vice-President of the Ex- Services Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Tinker wrote numerous books, mainly on topics reflecting his academic interests: the history and politics of the Indian subcontinent, and Indians overseas. His publications included: The Foundations of Local Self-Government in India, Pakistan and Burma (1954); The Union of Burma: A Study of the First Years of Independence (1957); India and Pakistan: A Political Analysis (1962); Ballot Box and Bayonet: People and Government in Emergent Asian Countries (1964); Reorientations: Studies on Asia in Transition (1965); South Asia: A Short History (1966); Experiment with Freedom: India and Pakistan 1947 (1967); (Ed) Henry Yule: Narrative of the Mission to the Court of Ava in 1855 (1969); A New System of Slavery: The Export of Indian Labour Overseas 1830-1920 (1974); Separate and Unequal: India and the Indians in the British Commonwealth 1920-1950 (1976); The Banyan Tree: Overseas Emigrants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (1977); Race, Conflict and the International Order: From Empire to United Nations (1977); The Ordeal of Love: CF Andrews and India (1979); A Message from the Falklands: The Life and Gallant Death of David Tinker (1982); (Ed) Burma: The Struggle for Independence (1983-1984); Men who Overturned Empires: Fighters, Dreamers, Schemers (1987); Viceroy: Curzon to Mountbatten (1997). A Message from the Falklands was based on the letters of Tinker's son David, who was killed there while serving as a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. Hugh Tinker died in 2000, survived by his wife Elizabeth and their two elder sons.
King's College Hospital Standing Sub-Committee of Finance was appointed in 1855, to raise funds for the Hospital. In 1875 it became the Finance Committee. In 1948 it became the Finance and General Purposes Committee, when the King's College Hospital Group came into being. The Board of Governors of the Group delegated much power to the Finance and General Purposes Committee.
For a number of years King's College Hospital Medical Board consisted of the professors, who were usually also medical practitioners, in the Medical Department of the College. Its task was to oversee academic work and teaching. In 1870 the Board was reconstituted and consisted of the physicians, surgeons, assistant physicians, assistant surgeons, the Dental Surgeon, the Senior Anaesthetist of the Hospital, the Teacher of Hygiene in the Medical School and other teachers of the Medical School appointed by the Committee of Management. In 1949 the Medical Board became the Medical Committee, as a consequence of the Hospital becoming King's College Hospital Group in 1948.
Born, 1902-1903, patient of Arthur Henry Cheatle, 1919, moved to New Zealand, 1936; corresponded with King's College Hospital, 1990.
Born 1853; King's College School, 1867-1871; King's College Hospital, 1872-1877; Warneford Entrance Scholarship, 1871; Gold Medal in Physiology at Intermediate M.B. Examination and Gold Medals in Forensic and in Obstetric Medicine, 1877; House Physician, King's College Hospital, 1876-1877; Sambrooke Medical Registrar, 1878; Assistant Physician, 1885; Physician, 1892; Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacology, 1885-1900; Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine, 1900-1919; Fellow of King's College, 1885; retired King's College, 1919; Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Consulting Physician, King's College, from 1919; Council member of the Royal College of Physicians, 1908-1910; Bradshaw Lecturer, 1914; Member of General Medical Council, 1922-1927; died, 1928.
Publications: Diphtheria and antitoxin (London, 1897); Albuminuria and Bright's Disease (London, 1899); edited The prescriber's pharmacopoeia (London, 1886); The essentials of Materia Medica and therapeutics (London, 1885); Thomson's conspectus adapted to the British Pharmacopeia of 1885 (London, 1887); King's College Hospital Reports (London, 1895-1903).
Information not available.
Born, 17 April 1874; educated, Medical Department, King's College London; awarded the University of London Exhibition in Zoology, 1893; University Scholarship in Physiology, 1895; awarded Exhibition and Gold Medal in Physiology, and First class honours in Materia Medica, 1898; House Surgeon, King's College Hospital, 1901; Assistant Demonstrator, King's College London, 1902-1904, and Demonstrator, 1904-1905; Sambrooke Surgical Registrar, King's, 1902-1906, and Senior Surgical Registrar and Tutor, 1910-1912; Assistant Surgeon, King's, 1912; Surgeon, King's, 1919; Senior Surgeon and Lecturer in Surgery, King's; Fellow of King's College, 1931; Hunterian Professor, Royal College of Surgeons, 1926 and 1933; Surgeon-Rear-Admiral and Consulting Surgeon, Royal Navy; retired from King's College, 1934; appointed Consulting Surgeon, King's College Hospital, and Emeritus Lecturer on Surgery to the Medical School; died 29 November 1945.
Publications: Glandular enlargement and other diseases of the lymphatic system (1908); part author of A manual of surgical treatment (Longmans & Co, London, 1912).
Born, 1905; educated, Clare College, Cambridge and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London; Lawrence Scholarship and Gold Medal, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1933 and 1934; Temple Cross Research Fellow, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1934-1935; Honorary Consulting Physician, Department of Child Health, St Bartholomew's Hospital; Honorary Consulting Paediatrician, Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital, London; co-founder, The Osler Club, London; President, British Society for Medical History, 1974-1976; President, International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1981-1982; died, 20 September 1984.
Publications: Editor of The care of invalid and crippled children (Oxford University Press, London, 1960); editor of World-blindness or specific developmental dyslexia (Pitman Medical Publishing Company, London, 1962); editor of Cancer report 1948-1952 with M P Curwen (E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh & London, 1963); editor of Children with communication problems (Pitman Medical Publishing Company, London, 1965); editor of Selected writings of Lord Moynihan (Pitman Medical Publishing Company, London, 1967); editor of Assessment and teaching of dyslexic children with Sandhya Naidoo (London, 1970); compiler of The Tunbridge Wells study group on non-accidental injury to children: report and resolutions (Tunbridge Wells, 1973); editor of Concerning child abuse: papers presented by the Tunbridge Wells study group on non-accidental injury to children (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1975); Pastoral paediatrics (1976); Widening horizons of child health: a study of the medical health needs of children in England and Wales [1976]; editor of The challenge of child abuse: proceedings of a conference sponsored by the Royal Society of Medicine, 2-4 June 1976 (1977); editor of Child abuse: prediction, prevention and follow up (1977); editor of The abused child in the family and in the community: selected papers from the second international congress on child abuse and neglect, London, 1978 with C Henry Kempe and Christine Cooper (1980); editor of Family matters: perspectives on the family and social policy (1983).
The Thrombosis Research Unit was established in 1965, with a remit to undertake a clinical research programme devoted to the study of thrombosis in patients following surgery. In 1975 the Unit expanded and was given new laboratory space. In 1985 it was decided to expand the activities of the Unit into a new Thrombosis Research Institute, the first of its kind in Europe, a multidisciplinary organisation devoted to basic and clinical research in thrombosis and atheroma.
When the first reorganisation of the National Health Service took place in April 1974, Hospital Groups were replaced by Health Districts grouped under Area Health Authorities, which were responsible to Regional Health Authorities. The King's Health District (Teaching) was formed as one of the four districts in the Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Area Health Authority (Teaching). The other three districts were based on the catchment areas of Guy's, St Thomas' and Lewisham Hospital Groups.
The Community Nursing Needs Assessment Project was undertaken in response to the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. The project dealt principally with the ability of health visitors and district nurses to meet the new legislative requirements when addressing the needs of their patients and to suggest modifications to nursing education based on the findings. The project was sponsored by the English National Board for Nursing and based at King's College London, conducted by the Department of Nursing Studies and led by Professor Sarah Cowley, Lecturer in Health Visiting. Other researchers on the project included Ann Bergen, lecturer, Kate Young, lecturer and Ann Kavanagh, research associate. The project consisted of three phases: phase one involved a series of eight focus groups made up of consumers (members of local support groups, carers and those with disabilities) , practitioners (district nurses and health visitors), managers (purchasers and providers) and educationalists (community practice teachers and lecturers). Phase two involved observing recently qualified district nurses and health workers with patients and clients and following up with an interview with the district nurse or health worker on needs assessment. Phase three involved discussing the findings and preliminary proposals with an expert panel made up from the various interest groups. The project ran from Mar 1994 to Jan 1996. The full project title is `An investigation into the changing educational needs of community nurses with regard to needs assessment and quality of care in the context of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990'.
`Nursing in Colorectal Cancer Initiative Project' (NICCI) a European Oncology Nursing Society's (EONS) study led by Professor Alison Richardson based at the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery at King's College London and sponsored by Zeneca Pharmaceuticals. The project was a study of health professional practice in Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, UK and USA and was designed to improve nursing for colorectal cancer patients by improving education, and reviewing the role of nurses by examining nurse communication, the involvement of patients and families in treatment and care, and successful delivery of chemotherapy. The project was made up of three phases: education, research and implementation. The first phase involved producing and reviewing an education pack for nurses dealing with colorectal cancer patients. The second phase involved defining the goals of nursing practice and carrying out an audit in the participating countries on current practices and areas for change. The final phase involved implementing the necessary changes identified in the initial two stages. NICCI produced an educational pack for nurses printed in six languages and a clinically researched tool for auditing the standards of nursing care for colorectal cancer. This tool is also translated and disseminated through the nursing network. The project ran from 1998-2001.
Publications: A Nurse's Guide to Colorectal Cancer, NICCI/AstraZeneca Oncology (2000).
King's College School was created as the Junior Department to King's College London, instituted by Royal Charter in 1829. Both College and School opened in 1831. Although students were not limited to members of the Church of England, its influence was strong. Boys were expected to transfer from the School to the College at the age of 16. The School's premises were in the basement of the King's College site east of Somerset House, between the Strand and the Thames. Rapid growth in pupil numbers and limited capital caused difficulties of accommodation. In the early years of their existence, the School was numerically greater than the College and the financial support which arose from its success was instrumental in the College's survival, although by mid-century competition from an increasing number of rival schools caused numbers to decline. Many rivals had more spacious premises and open space on suburban sites with which the Strand premises could not compete. In 1897 the School moved to Wimbledon and pupil numbers began to grow. New buildings were opened in 1899. The King's College London Transfer Act (1908) incorporated a new body of governors for the School and, although the transfer was delayed by the heavy debts of the School, the new governing body inherited control from the council of King's College in 1911. See also Frank Miles and Graeme Cranch, Kings College School: the First 150 Years (King's College School, 1979); F J C Hearnshaw, The Centenary History of King's College London 1828-1928 (George G Harrap & Co Ltd, London, 1929).
The King's College London Old Students' Association, founded in 1920, became the King's College London Association in 1952. The Association caters for alumni from King's College and the colleges with which it has merged. It organises social and other events, offers careers advice to students, and raises money for the College. Smaller groups reflect the interests of alumni in particular subjects or from particular countries. The Association produced magazines for alumni including, from 1987, the publication In Touch.
The Staff Social Club, founded before 1948, organised social events for staff of King's College London.
Department of Civil Engineering and Mining established at King's College London, 1838, and Engineering Society, 1847; begins reading of papers that average 12-20 a year on subjects including early photography, modern manufacturing methods, and in particular on bridges, tunnels, railways and other civil engineering projects, 1847; Society changes its name to King's College Scientific Society, 1854; Society dissolved, 1855; re-established as the Engineering Society by Professor Thomas Minchin Goodeve, 1857; increasing popularity and importance of the Society from around 1870; members during this period include Llewellyn Atkinson and Charles Henry Wordingham, each subsequently President of the Institution of Electrical Engineers; regular instructional works visits to engineering sites commence, 1886; occasional exhibitions begin, 1894; first annual dinner, 1895; lunch time debates initiated from [1906]; Old Students Section of the Engineering Society formed, 1919; first edition of The King's engineer, 1921-1922; relocation of Society with College to Bristol, 1939-1943; centenary celebrations, 1947; Society still active, 2001.
In 1871 King's College London began courses of lectures and classes to meet the needs of higher education for women, reflecting the support of its Principal, the Rev Dr Barry. Following these early developments, a women's college was opened in 1877 in Kensington. In 1885, this became a constituent department of King's College London known as the Ladies' Department. Classes were provided in the field of Arts, Sciences, Fine Art and Music and Theology, as well as more practical subjects. In 1895 students began working for Oxford Honours examinations, and Science courses were arranged for External examinations. In 1899 the Council opened the Associateship of King's College (AKC) to students and in 1900 students began preparing for internal degrees, as a result of which in 1902 the Ladies' Department became known as the Women's Department. The Home Science Department was founded in 1908. In 1910, the Women's Department was incorporated into the University of London as a distinct College, and named King's College for Women. In the session 1914-1915 the work of the College diverged. Divinity, Arts and Science subjects were transferred to King's College on the Strand. Home Science, however, became the Household and Social Science Department, still a department of King's College for Women, but relocated to new premises in Campden Hill. The College achieved independence in 1928 as the newly styled King's College of Household and Social Science and was known as Queen Elizabeth College from 1953 until the merger with King's College in 1985.
The Women's Department of King's College London was incorporated into the University of London as a distinct College in 1910 and renamed 'King's College for Women'. In the session 1914-1915, however, the work of the College diverged as Divinity, Arts and Science subjects were transferred back to King's College on the Strand. In 1915 the remaining Home Science Department became the 'Household and Social Science Department', which was still part of King's College for Women, but which was now situated in new premises in Campden Hill. The College achieved independence in 1928 as the newly styled King's College of Household and Social Science and was known as Queen Elizabeth College from 1953 until the merger with King's College in 1985.
The League for Democracy in Greece was a political pressure group founded in 1945 whose aims included the provision of relief to Greeks who suffered for their left-wing beliefs and activities, to their dependants, and to the dependants of Greeks who died fighting for democracy. These relief functions were initially exercised by a sub-committee of the League, but when it was realised that charitable status would encourage broader support of the Fund's humanitarian objectives the committee was succeeded in 1968 by the Greek Relief Fund, which assisted political prisoners and their families, and former prisoners. The charity had premises at Goodge Street, London. The Fund was wound up in 1984.
In response to a call from the leftist resistance movement EAM (Ethnikon Apeleftherotikon Metopon) for a government of national unity, Greeks in England formed a Greek United Committee in 1943 under the sponsorship of Sir Compton Mackenzie, the author and philhellene. Much of the support came from the Federation of Greek Maritime Unions (FGMU), which had its wartime base in Cardiff. Other supporters included a Smyrniot carpet merchant, E Athanassoglou. But under wartime conditions of censorship the Committee could reach only a restricted section of opinion, and in 1944 Winston Churchill prohibited favourable mention of the Greek resistance movement EAM-ELAS (Ethnikon Apeleftherotikon Metopon-Ethnikos Laikos Apeleftherotikos Stratos) by the BBC. The FGMU therefore sponsored a news agency, of which Diana Pym became secretary. The agency's first campaign concerned conditions in concentration camps in Erithrea (Ertra) and the Sudan. The news agency issued press releases and, from 1946, a Weekly Survey of Greek News. It closed at the end of 1962, but was re-opened in 1969 by Andonis Ambatielos (former FGMU secretary) and his English wife, Betty, and resumed the issue of press releases and monthly surveys until Ambatielos returned to junta Greece in 1974 and was arrested. In 1945, the election of a Labour government raised hopes of a change in British policy towards Greece, but the appointment of Ernest Bevin as Foreign Secretary ensured continuity with existing policy. A British pressure group was founded to campaign for a change in policy and for the Greek left-wing resistance. The League for Democracy in Greece (LDG) was launched at a public meeting at the Garrick Theatre in London in October 1945 under the presidency of Sir Compton Mackenzie and with D M Pritt QC, MP in the chair. Diana Pym became secretary. The League aimed to rebuild and strengthen the traditional friendship between the peoples of Greece and Britain on the basis of the establishment and development of democracy in Greece; to enlighten the British public about the situation in Greece and to promote cultural relations between the two countries; to provide relief to Greeks who suffered for their democractic beliefs and activities, their dependants, and the dependants of Greeks who died fighting for democracy; and to work for a general amnesty for Greek democrats imprisoned for political reasons, the restoration of trade unions and civil liberties, and the suppression of armed terrorism and the trial and punishment of collaborators during the occupation (the latter deleted as obsolete in the late 1960s). The relief functions, initially exercised by a sub-committee (the League for Democracy in Greece Relief Committee), were later taken over by a Greek Relief Fund. The LDG adopted a constitution in 1946. Marion Pasco (after 1952 Marion Sarafis, wife of Stefanos Sarafis, former commander of the wartime ELAS resistance movement) acted as joint secretary, 1946-1952, with Diana Pym. At its inauguration, the League had support from Labour Members of Parliament (MPs), including some who had served in Greece. Influencing parliamentary action was a major part of its work, and involved supplying information to MPs for questions in the House and briefing them to take up cases with the Foreign Office. The League's sphere of action extended to the trade union field and speakers from the League used available opportunities to address trade union branches, Trades Councils and local Labour parties, with a peak year in 1949 when League speakers addressed 255 meetings. The fall of the colonels' junta in 1974, followed by elections and the referendum on the monarchy, was thought to make the League's services unnecessary, and it renamed itself Friends of Democracy in Greece and continued on a stand-by basis, with a small list of supporters and a bi-annual bulletin.
The National Training School of Cookery (NTSC) was set up in 1873 to promote knowledge of cookery, and became a limited company in 1888. The College broadened its syllabus to include other aspects of domestic economy and, in 1902, this was recognised in a change of title when it became the National Training School of Cookery and Other Branches of Domestic Economy, and finally the National Training College of Domestic Science (NTCDS) between 1931 and the College's closure in 1962. Although it was a competitor of Queen Elizabeth College, in practice there existed close links between the executive committees of the institutions, and when the NTCDS closed in 1962 some of its assets were transferred to the Department of Nutrition at QEC.
Queen Elizabeth College, which came into being with the granting of a Royal Charter in 1953, succeeded the Home Science and Economics classes of King's College Women's Department and King's College for Women, which started in 1908; the Household and Social Science Department of King's College for Women, which opened in 1915; and King's College of Household and Social Science, which operated from 1928. The amalgamation of the College with King's College London and Chelsea College was completed in 1985.
Queen Elizabeth College, which came into being with the granting of a Royal Charter in 1953, succeeded the Home Science and Economics classes of King's College Women's Department and King's College for Women, which started in 1908; the Household and Social Science Department of King's College for Women, which opened in 1915; and King's College of Household and Social Science, which operated from 1928. The amalgamation of the College with King's College London and Chelsea College was completed in 1985.
King's College of Household and Social Science opened in 1928 and evolved from the Household and Social Science Department of King's College for Women, which opened in 1915. Queen Elizabeth College replaced King's College of Household and Social Science, receiving its Royal Charter in 1954; in 1985 the College merged with King's College London and Chelsea College.
Dr Alice Mary Copping, born Stratford, New Zealand 1906; was educated at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, graduating with BSc, second class honours in Chemistry, 1925 and graduated as Master of Science,1926; awarded the Sarah Ann Rhodes scholarship from University of New Zealand enabling her to work under J. C. Drummond at University College London for two years, 1927 and awarded a BSc in Biochemistry and Physiology, 1927-1929.
Copping worked as temporary lecturer in nutrition at the School of Home Science, University of Otago, New Zealand, 1931; worked within Division of Nutrition at the Lister Institute of Public Health with Dame Harriett Chick, 1927-1931 continuing to work at the Lister Institute from 1932-1949 and was the editorial assistant of the periodical 'Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews', from 1931. Copping was employed by Queen Elizabeth College from 1949 as a lecturer in the Physiology Department; became a recognised teacher in physiology (nutrition), 1951; senior lecturer in Department of Nutrition, from 1958; granted a DSc for published papers in the field of nutrition; became a Reader in Nutrition, 1964; leaving the college in 1975.
Copping was appointed as a member of Vitamin E Sub Committee of Medical Research Council Accessory Food Factors Committee, 1938 and appointed member of the Vitamin C Sub Committee, 1945; was a consultant on nutrition education for the Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation symposium, 1959 and acted as chairman of programme for the Third International Congress of Dietetics in London, 1961. Copping was particularly interested in vitamins, food consumption patterns in various countries, nutrition programmes, child growth and the history of nutrition, including the Nutrition Society and died in 1996.
Queen Elizabeth College, so called from 1953, succeeded the Home Science and Economics classes of King's College Women's Department and King's College for Women, which started in 1908; the Household and Social Science Department of King's College for Women, which opened in 1915; and King's College of Household and Social Science, which operated from 1928. The amalgamation of the College with King's College London and Chelsea College was completed in 1985.
A library existed from the earliest days of the Ladies Department of King's College London in Kensington Square. It was enlarged on the creation of King's College for Women, and in the later Household and Social Science Department at Campden Hill. It was bombed during the Second World War and some 3000 volumes were salvaged from the ruins and these formed the nucleus of the post-war Library. These were deposited in a main, general, library, and in subject-specific departmental collections. Following the opening of the Atkins Buildings extension during the 1960s, the main Library was housed in two separate buildings on site: the Sargeaunt and Burton libraries. Their capacity was strictly limited, however, and a new purpose built library was proposed during the 1970s. This plan was dropped when merger negotiations between Queen Elizabeth and King's College commenced shortly afterwards. The Queen Elizabeth Library was eventually combined with the King's Library holdings from 1985 onwards.
Born, 1858; educated at Tonbridge School; St John's College, Cambridge (Foundation Scholar); 1st Class Classical Tripos, 1881; Cambridge University Extension Lecturer; Professor of English Literature, Firth College, Sheffield, 1896; retained this post in the University of Sheffield, 1905-1924; Emeritus Professor of English Language and Literature in the University of Sheffield; Honorary Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge; Fellow of the British Academy, 1933; died, 1940. See also John Dover Wilson, George Charles Moore Smith 1858-1940 (from the Proceedings of the British Academy; Humphrey Milford, London, [1945]). Publications: The Life of John Colborne, Field-Marshal Lord Seaton (1903); Story of the People's College, Sheffield (1912); College Plays (1923); Thomas Randolph (Warton Lecture, 1927); as editor, Autobiography of Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Smith (1902); Gabriel Harvey's Marginalia (1913); Henry Tubbe (1915); The Letters of Dorothy Osborne to William Temple (1928); The Early Essays and Romances of Sir William Temple (1930); Henry V (1896); King John (1900); Edward III (1897); Bacon's New Atlantis (1900); the Cambridge Plays: Club Law (1907), Pedantius (1905), Victoria (1906), Hymenæus (1908), Fucus (1909), Laelia (1910); Hemminge's Elegy on Randolph's Finger (1923); The Poems of Lord Herbert of Cherbury (1923); The Queen Bee, The Old Post (translated from the Danish of Carl Ewald, 1907, 1922); with Dr P H Reaney, The Withypoll Family (1936); contributions to the Modern Language Review, Notes and Queries, and The Genealogist. See also A bibliography of the writings of G C Moore Smith (printed for subscribers at Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1928).
London Diocesan Reader, from 1898; member of the Central Readers' Board, from [1912]; Honorary Secretary to the Readers' Board for the Diocese of London, from 1912. Publications: A Brief History of Readers and their Work in the Diocese of London, 1866-1926 (The Author, London, 1927); A History of the Reader Movement- "Lay Readers" in the Church of England (Parrett & Neves, Chatham, 1932); The Glorious Ministry of the Laity, in the early days of the Christian Church (Parrett & Neves, Chatham, 1936); The History of Acolytes and Servers and of what they have done for the Church down the centuries (Parrett & Neves, Chatham, 1938).
Born at Harrow, 1843; educated at Winchester, New College Oxford (MA), graduated with 1st class Moderations (Oxford), 1863 and 2nd class Literae Humaniores (Classics), 1865; Assistant Master, Wellington College, 1866; Fellow of Brasenose College Oxford, 1867; Craven Scholar, 1867; ordained, 1867; MA 1868; Prebendary of Lincoln, 1870; Select Preacher, 1876, 1888; Grinfield Lecturer, 1876-1878; Whitehall Preacher, 1879; Bampton Lecturer, 1881; Oriel Professor of Interpretation of Holy Scripture, Fellow of Oriel College, and Canon of Rochester, 1883-1885; Bishop of Salisbury, 1885-1911; died, 1911. Publications: include: Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin (Clarendon Press Series, 1866); University Sermons on Gospel Subjects (James Parker & Co, Oxford and London, 1878); The One Religion: truth, holiness and peace desired by the nations, and revealed by Jesus Christ. Eight lectures [the Bampton Lectures] (Parker & Co, Oxford, 1881); The Gospel according to St Matthew. From the St Germain MS, g, now numbered Lat. 11553 in the National Library at Paris editor (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1883); Portions of the Gospels according to St Mark and St Matthew from the Bobbio MS, k, now numbered G VII 15 in the National Library at Turin. Together with other fragments of the Gospels edited with William Sanday and Henry Julian White (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1886); Prayers for Use in College 2nd edition (1890); The Holy Communion. Four visitation addresses (Parker & Co, Oxford & London, 1891); Some recent Teachings concerning the Eucharistic Sacrifice (Elliot Stock, London, [1892]); Novum Testamentum Latine, secundum editionem S Hieronymi with Rev Henry Julian White; The Four Gospels (1898); The Episcopate of Charles Wordsworth, Bishop of St Andrews (Longmans & Co, London, 1899); Bishop Sarapion's Prayer-Book, an Egyptian Pontifical dated probably about AD 350-356 Translated from the edition of Dr G Wobbermin, with introduction, notes and indices (1899); Some Points in the teaching of the Church of England, set forth for the information of Orthodox Christians of the East, in the form of an answer to questions (Christian Knowledge Society, London, 1900); The Ministry of Grace. Studies in early Church History with reference to present problems (Longmans & Co, London, 1901); The Te Deum, its structure and meaning, and its musical setting and rendering; together with a revised Latin text, notes and translation (Christian Knowledge Society, London, 1902); Family Prayers (Brown & Co, Salisbury, 1903); The Acts (1904); The Law of the Church as to Marriage of a Man with his Deceased Wife's Sister (Christian Knowledge Society, London, 1908); The Invocation of Saints and the Twenty-second Article (Christian Knowledge Society, London, 1908); Ordination Problems (Christian Knowledge Society, London, 1909); Unity and Fellowship. Diocesan addresses delivered in the year 1909 (Christian Knowledge Society, London, Brighton, 1910).
Mary Winifred Addison trained at King's College Hospital, London, 1928-1931, (gaining General Nursing Council registration 1932) and subsequently served as a Sister there. On the outbreak of war, she became Sister Tutor to the Nurses Training Centre in Oxford, and during this time taught first aid to Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent (1906-1968).