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Constituency changes: The county of Middlesex formerly returned two members of parliament for the undivided county. In 1885 seven parliamentary divisions were formed for the county. One of these was the parliamentary division of Ealing. The MP elected to represent the new division was Lord George Hamilton, who had previously been one of the two county MP's. In 1918 the parliamentary borough of Ealing was formed (the municipal borough had come into existence in 1901) and remained relatively unchanged until 1915 when the Ealing East and Ealing West constituencies were carved out of it. Further changes in 1948 replaced these with Ealing North and Ealing South. Later constituency changes are outside the period covered by the records. From 1906-1931 Ealing was represented in parliament by Herbert (later Sir Herbert) Nield, a Conservative. He was followed by Sir Frank Anderson, likewise Conservative, who represented Ealing until 1945 and Ealing East until 1950, and Angus Maude, Conservative, who represented Ealing South from 1950.

Local Conservative Association: It has not been possible to discover the date of the foundation of a Conservative Association in Ealing, but the evidence of the first surviving minute book {ACC/1338/1} shows that the District Conservative and Unionist Association was well established by 1915. The changes in constituencies caused changes in the name of the association. The association, before 1919, was known as the Ealing District Conservative and Unionist Association which endured until 1945. Ealing East Conservative and Unionist Association and then Ealing South Conservative and Unionist Association followed the changes in constituency boundaries of the post war years. The main work of the association was carried out by an executive committee meeting monthly. A general committee later known as the council met infrequently, usually immediately before the Annual General Meeting. A variety of minor or sub-committees dealt with finance, social matters, politics and propaganda, all reporting back to the executive committee.

The constituency was divided into wards, which over the period covered by the records, varied in number from six to nine, i.e. Drayton Ward, Castlebar Ward, Mount Park Ward, Brent Valley Ward, Lammas Ward, Manor Ward, Grange Ward, Greenford and Perivale Ward and Grosvenor Ward. Each ward had its committee usually meeting monthly. Two of these wards are represented in the records. Young people over the age of 16 were catered for politically by the Junior Imperial League, a national body founded in 1906. A junior branch of the Ealing Association replaced this in 1945 and was itself replaced by the Young Conservatives formed in 1948. The women's section of the association were responsible in the 1930's for organising groups on a ward basis, known as Young Britons. Children under the age of 16 made up the membership of these groups and many moved on later to become Junior Imperialists.

The South Coast Bottling Company Limited of Brighton was incorporated in 1925. Interest acquired by Barclay Perkins 1935 and later by Watney Combe Reid and Mann Crossman and Paulin. An agreement between Watney-Mann and Courage, Barclay and Simonds for company to be wound up was made in 1961 and the premises became a Courage and Barclay depot; which was later combined with H and G Simonds' Brighton depot. The company was in voluntary liquidation in 1965.

The Company was incorporated in 1897 as "Hawkins and Parfitt South Berkshire Brewery Company Limited" upon the amalgamation of Edward Parfitt, Atlas Brewery, Newbury, and Thomas Edward Hawkins and Company, West Mills Brewery, Newbury. They were based at the Atlas Brewery, Bartholomew Street, Newbury, Berks

The company acquired John Platt and Son, Manor Brewery, Hungerford, c 1900, and Westcombe and Sons, St Nicholas Brewery, Newbury, 1902. Acquired Blandy, Hawkins and Co, Castle Brewery, Bridge Street, Reading (possibly successors to Stephens' Mill Lane Brewery, later Willats and Blandy's Mill Lane Brewery), 1910.

The name was changed to "South Berkshire Brewery Limited" in 1913; and was acquired by H and G Simonds in 1920. In voluntary liquidation 1936.

The marriages took place in Fray Bentos and the surrounding areas of Uruguay and Argentina. The South American Missionary Society was founded in 1844 as the Patagonian Missionary Society, the name was changed in 1864. In the latter part of the nineteenth century legislation made Protestant missionary work very difficult, and the Society focused more on the provision of chaplaincies for exisiting Protestant communities and seamen.

Although apartheid was strengthened in the period from 1948, in the preceding period black (African) and 'coloured' (other non-white) inhabitants of the Union of South Africa (established in 1910) were already disadvantaged legally and economically in comparison with white inhabitants. Initiatives to oppose their inferior treatment included the activities of the politican and writer Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje (1876-1932).

The International Socialist League was founded in 1915, in opposition to World War One and the racist and conservative policies of the all-white South African Labour Party and the craft unions supporting it. It was initially rooted amongst white labour militants, but from the start it attracted black workers. The League argued in its weekly paper, the International, for a "new movement" to found One Big Union that would overcome the "bounds of Craft and race and sex," "recognise no bounds of craft, no exclusions of colour," and destroy capitalism through a "lockout of the capitalist class." From 1917 onwards, the International Socialist League began to organise amongst black and coloured workers. In March 1917, it founded an Indian Workers Industrial Union in Durban; in 1918, it founded a Clothing Workers Industrial Union (later spreading to Johannesburg) and horse drivers' union in the diamond mining town of Kimberly; in Cape Town, a sister organisation, the Industrial Socialist League, founded the Sweet and Jam Workers Industrial Union that same year. The International Workers of Africa was founded in 1917, the new general union's demands were simple, summed up in its slogan- "Sifuna Zonke!" ("We want everything!"). It was the first trade union for African workers ever formed in South Africa.

The Parliament of South Africa was established by the Act of Union of 1910. There are two houses: the Senate and the House of Assembly. On the outbreak of World War One the Government of South Africa declared war on Germany and her allies, and invaded German South West Africa. There was an anti-British rebellion in the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.

South African Nectar Tea Company Limited was acquired by Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) in 1914 to pack and sell nectar tea in South Africa. Its head office was in Cape Town. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited sold the company in 1920/1.

The South African Institute of Race Relations was established in 1929.

South African Colonisation Society (1902-1919) was established in a period when British society perceived to have a problem of 'surplus' single women in Britain and several emigration schemes to lessen this number came into existence. The South African Colonisation Society was the inheritor of the South African Expansion Scheme Committee established in 1899. Its purpose had been to act as a provisional subcommittee of the United British Women's Emigration Association, its task, to expand British colonising emigration to South Africa after the Boer War. This administrative framework continued until 1901 when it became a separate committee and by 1902 it had set up it own committees on education, work in counties, drawing room meetings and a shipping sub-committee. In 1903 it became an independent body functioning under the name of the South African Colonisation Society and continued as such until after the First World War. In the immediate post-war period, it helped co-ordinate female emigration as part of the Joint Council of Women's Emigration Societies. This was to be a central body which co-ordinated women's emigration after the war and liased with the government. Full merger of the South African Colonisation Society with the two other organisations did not occur until 1919, after government pressure was applied to centralise funding of the schemes and widen the scope of their activities. The amalgamation resulted in the creation of the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women.

The South African Colonisation Society (1902-1919), an offshoot of the United British Women's Emigration Association, was originally founded in 1899 as a South African Subcommittee when the United British Women's Emigration Association became very occupied with furthering emigration to the colonies there. From 1901 the committee was known as the South African Expansion Scheme Committee (SAX). By the end of 1902 the South African Colonisation Society had set up committees for education, work in counties, drawing-room meetings and a Shipping Subcommittee. During World War I there was very little emigration, and the South African Colonisation Society, Colonial Intelligence League and British Women's Emigration Association participated in a Joint Council of Women's Emigration Societies, all dissolving and amalgamating in 1919 as the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women.

No 1 Company Indian and Malay Corps (No 101 South African Reserve Motor Transport Company was established in Natal in 1939, and left for South Africa for active service in Kenya, Sep 1940. The Company returned to South Africa in Dec 1940, and took part in the Somaliland Campaign in 1941.

The first meeting of insurance offices interested in the tariff situation in South Africa was held at the offices of the Railway Passengers Assurance Company at 64 Cornhill, London on 11 February 1915. At that time the tariff associations in Johannesburgand Cape Town had practically ceased to function, and the 15 companies represented at the meeting had been called together by Arthur Worley of the "Railway Passengers" to consider improving the situation for the future, and the resuscitation of the local associations to control the writing of workmen's compensation insurance. As a result the South African Accident Council was formed. The local associations in South Africa, in particular the Cape Province Accident Offices Association (later known as the Cape Accident Offices Association) and the Transvaal Accident Offices Association, remained independent of each other, but were controlled by the London-based South African Accident Council. These two associations ceased to function in 1935 when the Workmen's Compensation Insurers' Association of South Africa was formed.

In 1925, the South African Accident Council set up a council in South Africa called the Accident Insurance Council of South Africa. On 1 January 1944 this body relinquished its control of workmen's compensation to a new organisation, the Accident Offices Association of Southern Africa which replaced the Workmen's Compensation Insurers' Association of South Africa; it also absorbed the Southern Rhodesian Workmen's Compensation Insurers' Association. The Accident Insurance Council of South Africa continued to exist, but dealt mainly with motor insurance. The meetings of the South African Accident Council were held originally at 64 Cornhill, London, in the offices of the Railway Passengers Assurance Company, whose manager Arthur Worley had founded the Council. From 1922, its meetings were held at the offices of the Accident Offices Association which also provided executive and secretarial services.

The first South Africa Conference was formed in 1883 following increased steamship trading rivalry between European shipping lines operating in the area. Its main objective quickly became the regulation of member companies and the establishment of common freight tariffs. From 1886, the Conference granted a bonus ("deferred rebate") to member companies, thus providing a trading advantage for membership, and a common interest in improving standards. The major shipping lines that made up the conferences were: The Union Castle Mail Steamship Company Limited, The Clan Line Steamers Limited, Ellerman and Bucknall Steamships Company Limited, Ellerman and Hall Line, Bullard King and Company, Harrison Line, Huston Line, British India Line and the D.O.A. Line.

John Flint South was born in 1797. He was educated by Rev Samuel Hemming DD, at Hampton, Middlesex, in 1805-1813. He was apprenticed as an articled pupil to Henry Cline the younger, a Surgeon at the St Thomas' Hospital, in 1814. He attended Sir Astley Cooper's lectures on anatomy. He was admitted MRCS in 1819. He became Prosector to the Lecturers on Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital, and was appointed Conservator of the Museum and Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, in 1820. He was elected Demonstrator of Anatomy jointly with Bransby Cooper in 1823, and on the retirement of Sir Astley Cooper he was appointed Lecturer on Anatomy in 1825 in preference to Bransby Cooper, an event which brought to a head disagreements between the two Borough Hospitals and led to the separation of the Medical Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's. He was elected Assistant Surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital in 1834, and full Surgeon in 1841. He resigned this post in 1863, having retired from the lectureship of surgery in 1860. At the Royal College of Surgeons, South was a Member of the Council from 1841-1873. He delivered the Hunterian Oration in 1844; he was Professor of Human Anatomy from 1845-1847; a Member of the Court of Examiners from 1849-1868; Chairman of the Midwifery Board in 1859; and a Member of the Dental Board from 1864-1868. He served as Vice-President during the years 1849, 1850, 1858, and 1859, and was elected President in 1851 and 1860. As Vice-President in 1859 he marked his year of office by getting the body of John Hunter re-buried in Westminster Abbey, and wrote the inscription for his monument. South died in 1882.

Born, Southwark, 1797; educated with Samuel Hemming, Hampton, Middlesex, 1805-1813; apprenticed to Henry Cline the younger, surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital, 1814; attended Sir Astley Cooper's lectures on anatomy; acquainted with Joseph Henry Green, a fellow-apprentice, 1813; member, College of Surgeons of England, 1819; prosector to the lecturers on anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital; conservator of the museum and assistant demonstrator of anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital, 1820-1823; joint demonstrator of anatomy with Bransby Cooper, 1823, later Lecturer on Anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital; resigned, 1841; Member, Council of the College of Surgeons, 1841; Surgeon, St Thomas's Hospital, 1841-1863; Surgeon to the Female Orphan Asylum, 1843; Fellow, 1843, Examiner, 1849, President, 1851, 1860, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1843; Professor of Human Anatomy and Surgery in the College, 1845; Hunterian Orator, 1844; worked on the history of English surgery; died, 1882.
Publications include: The Dissector's Manual. A new edition, with additions and alterations (London, 1825); A Short Description of the Bones, together with their several connexions with each other, and with the muscles Second edition (W Jackson, London, 1828); St Thomas's Hospital Reports vol 1 editor (London, 1836); Household Surgery; or, hints on emergencies (London, 1847); Facts relating to Hospital Nurses ... Also observations on training establishments for hospitals and private nurses (London, 1857); Memorials of J F South ... Collected by ... C L Feltoe (J Murray, London, 1884); Memorials of the Craft of Surgery in England. From materials compiled by J. F. South Edited by D'Arcy Power and an introduction by Sir James Paget (Cassell & Co, London, 1886); A Compendium of Human and Comparative Pathological Anatomy by Adolph Wilhelm Otto, translated from the German, with notes by J F South (London, 1831); A System of Surgery Maximilian Joseph Chelius translated with additional notes and observations, by John F South 2 volumes (Henry Renshaw, London, 1847); Memorials of John Flint South Introduced by Robert Gittings (Centaur Press, Fontwell, 1970); articles on the 'Zoology of the Invertebrata' in the Encyclopædia Metropolitana.

At the time these documents are dated (1818-1829) a "John Souter" frequently appears in The Times newspaper advertising newly published books which can be bought at his shop, 73 St Paul's Churchyard. As the John Souter in these documents was a member of the Stationers' Company it is possible that they were the same man.

Born in Perth, 1873; educated at Sharp's Educational Institution, Perth, and Robert Gordon's College and University, Aberdeen; graduated MA with First Class Honours in Classics and Jenkyns Prize in Classical Philology, Aberdeen University, 1893; Ferguson Scholar in Classics, 1893; Fullerton Scholar in Classics, 1894; Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (Scholar); First Class in Classical Tripos, Part I, 1896, and Second Class, Part II, 1897; BA (Cambridge University), 1896; University Assistant in Humanity and Lecturer in Latin, 1897-1903, and Lecturer in Mediæval Palæography, Aberdeen University, 1903; DLitt (Aberdeen), 1905; Yates Professor of New Testament Greek and Exegesis and Librarian, Mansfield College Oxford, 1903-1911; MA (Oxford University), 1908; Regius Professor of Humanity, Aberdeen University, 1911-1937; Lecturer in Mediæval Palæography, Aberdeen University, 1913-1937; Curator of Aberdeen University Library, 1919-1924, 1927-1928; Vice-Chancellor, Aberdeen University, 1935-1936; Stone Lecturer, Princeton Theological Seminary, 1924-1925, 1927-1928; Norton Lecturer, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, USA, 1924-1925; Russell Lecturer, Auburn Theological Seminary, USA, 1932-1933; Doctor of Divinity, St Andrews, 1923, Dublin, 1932; MA (Cambridge University), 1930; Doctor of Laws (Aberdeen), 1938; Fellow of the British Academy, 1926 (Member of Council, 1938-1947); awarded British Academy Medal for Biblical Studies, 1932; Corresponding Fellow of the Mediæval Academy of America, 1938; Active Member of the New Society of Letters of Lund (Sweden) 1927; died, 1949. Publications: edited Horæ Latinæ, by the late Robert Ogilvie (1901); edited, with George Middleton, Livy Book xxviii (1902); De Codicibus Manuscriptis Augustini Quæstionum (1905); A Study of Ambrosiaster (1905); edited Pseudo-Augustini Quaestiones Veteris et Novi Testamenti cxxvii (1908); Novum Testamentum Graece (1910, second edition 1947); Text and Canon of the New Testament (1913); A Pocket Lexicon to the Greek New Testament (1916); Tertullian's Apology, Notes of the late Professor John E B Mayor (1917); Tertullian's Treatises translated (3 volumes, 1919, 1920, 1922); Pelagius's Expositions of Thirteen Epistles of St Paul, i: Introduction (1922), ii: Text (1926), iii: Appendix (1931); part author of Novum Testamentum S Irenaei by Sanday, Turner, etc (1923); editor of Tertulliani Apologeticus (1926); The Earliest Latin Commentaries on the Epistles of St Paul (1927); edited C H Turner's The Oldest Manuscript of the Vulgate Gospels (1931); Glossary of the later Latin (1948); papers in various classical and theological journals.

Gurs was a major internment camp in France, near Oloron-Sainte-Marie, 80 kilometers from the Spanish border. Established in 1939 to absorb Republican refugees from Spain, Gurs later served as a concentration camp for Jews from France and refugees from other countries. While under the administration of Vichy France (1940-1942) most non-Jewish prisoners were released and approximately 2000 Jews were permitted to emigrate. In 1941 Gurs held some 15,000 prisoners. The camp was controlled by the Germans from 1942 to 1944, during which time several thousand inmates were deported to extermination camps in Poland. An unknown number succeeded in escaping and reaching Spain or hiding in Southern France. Gurs was liberated in the summer of 1944.

The soup kitchen first operated in 1853 and was founded to relieve Jewish poor in Spitalfields, London, taking on premises and providing rations to local recipients.

The Soup Kitchen for the Jewish Poor was founded in January 1854. Its aim was to supply soup, bread and meat twice a week, during the winter, to impoverished members of the Jewish community. It was originally set up to help Jews fleeing from pogroms, who were arriving in London with no money and no immediate prospect of employment. At that time it was probably only viewed as a temporary measure, a service which would no longer be required once the refugees had integrated. This was not to prove the case, although as the Soup Kitchen became more established it was no longer the refugees that needed the service, but the elderly and the sick amongst the Jewish community.

The Soup Kitchen was originally situated in Fashion Street, Spitalfields. However the charity was forced to vacate these somewhat dilapidated premises when the lease expired. The new building, at 17-19 Butler Street, also in Spitalfields, was opened in December 1902. The street name was changed to Brune Street in 1937.

Until 1939 the institution was literally just a soup kitchen, which dispensed soup that was cooked and eaten on the premises, or taken away in tin cans. However, with the advent of the Second World War, rationing made it impossible to continue the soup allocations. Instead available food stuffs were distributed in return for ration card coupons. The actual kitchen did not re-open again. The area was sublet, thus providing a valuable source of income for the charity.

Instead of receiving soup, those on the charity's books received an allocation of bread and groceries three times a week. In addition to this special distributions were made at festivals. A small monetary allowance was also given on these occasions. A special fund was set up for relief at Passover.

Recommendations for people to receive relief came from a number of sources, including the Jewish Welfare Board (formerly Jewish Board of Guardians), the Spanish and Portuguese Board of Guardians, and other local bodies. A few people contacted the charity directly. All cases referred to the Soup Kitchen were thoroughly investigated and re-investigated at regular intervals. The results of these investigations were recorded on report cards.

The Soup Kitchen's main sources of income came from rent paid on part of the premises in Brune Street, and annual donations and convenants. It also held occasional fund raising activities.

The charity was governed by a president, one or more vice-presidents, a treasurer, and a committee of not less than sixteen members. The three trustees of the charity were appointed by the committee.

A general meeting of the subscribers and donors who donated more than a certain amount was held annually. Its purpose was to receive and adopt the reports of the commmittee for the preceeding year, and to elect officers and a committee for the following year. A sub-committee called the Investigating and Distributing Committee was set up to grant or refuse relief.

The buildings in Brune Street were finally vacated by the organisation in July 1991. Its remaining functions were taken over by Jewish Care, previously known as the Jewish Welfare Board.

Melchior Antonio de la Cadena y Sotomayor was born in 1539. He was an important figure in the ecclesiastical establishment of Mexico, serving as Canon and Dean of Tlaxcala, Maestrescuelas and Dean of Mexico cathedral and Chancellor of the University of Mexico (Rector for the term 1573/4). At the time of his death in 1607 he was Bishop-elect of Chiapas.

Dr David Soskice (1869-1943), Russian émigré and writer, was at one time secretary to Alexander Kerensky.

Unknown

Unknown.

Ernst Sondheimer, Mathematician, Lecturer Westfield College, husband of Janet Sondheimer, Historian.

George Soloveytchik, 1902-1982, was born in St Petersburg, the son of the Managing Director of the Siberian Bank of Commerce. He was educated at St Catharine's School, and The Reformation School, Petrograd, Russia. He also studied at Queen's College, Oxford, Paris University and Berlin University. Soloveytchik escaped from Soviet Russia to England in 1918, and began to write and lecture while still at Oxford. He became a frequent free lance contributor to leading British and overseas newspapers and periodicals chiefly on international affairs, history and biography. He was Editor of the 'Economic Review' 1926-1927, and Foreign Editor of the 'Financial Times' 1938-1939. Soloveytchik was also Director of Publicity at the International Colonial Exhibition at Paris in 1931. From 1941 to 1945 he was Special adviser to the exiled Belgian Government in London, and official lecturer to HM Forces, 1940-1945. Soloveytchik delivered addresses to the American Academy of Political and Social Science, and at Princeton, Yale, etc., in 1944. He went on numerous lecture tours in USA, Canada and Europe from 1946 onwards. He also went on a special mission to Scandinavian countries on behalf of UNESCO, 1947. Soloveytchik was Visiting Lecturer at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva Univ., 1948-1956, also at School of Economics, St Gallen. His publications include: 'The financier: the life of Ivar Kreuger, (1933); 'Peace or chaos?' (1943); 'Potemkin: a picture of Catherine's Russia' (1938); 'Russia in perspective' (1945); 'Switzerland in perspective' (1954).

Bethel Solomons (1885-1965) MB, BCh, BAO (Dublin), MD, FRCP(I), FRCOG, Hon FACS was born in Dublin and spent most of his professional life there. He was master of the Rotunda Hospital and organised the first sterility clinic in Dublin. He was a founder fellow of this College and an honorary fellow of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. He was elected President of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland in 1946. He died in 1965 of heart failure. The papers relate to Bethel's survey of pathology treatments of the fallopian tube. He delivered his findings at the 10th British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Belfast, 1936, and published them in `The Conservative Treatment of Pathological Conditions of the Fallopian Tube', in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire, 43 (1936), pp 619-633.

Solomon Arnold was a Russian Jew and a member of the New Synagogue. In his will he left 2000 pounds to the New Synagogue, the interest from which was to be used as a dowry for poor women of the congregation. The Solomon Arnold Charity was set up in 1846.

The Sekretariat Warburg was a charitable and cultural centre for Hamburg Jews, 1938-1941, whose objective was to assist Jews in Hamburg during the Nazi era and was funded by the Warburg banking family. Robert Solnitz was the head of the organisation.

Walter Solmitz was born in Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany, 1905 and studied at the Universities of Heidelberg, Berlin and Hamburg; alongside his studies in Hamburg, and for some time afterwards, he was a research assistant at the Kulturwissenschaftliche Bibliothek Warburg (1927-1933); subsequently he became an instructor in Philosophy at the Franz Rosenzweig Foundation in Hamburg; left Germany in the late 1930s and worked for a time in London before going to the United States, where he found employment as a research assistant and teaching fellow at Harvard University, from which he received an MA in 1943. In 1946 he joined the faculty at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, intially to teach German and later as Associate Professor of Philosophy. With the exception of a year as Senior Research Fellow at the Warburg Institute in London, he remained at Bowdoin until his sudden death in 1962.

Born, St Mary Axe, London, 1805; educated under Eliezer Cogan; articled to Benjamin Travers, Surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital, 1822; member, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1828; continued his medical studies in Paris; commenced practice, 1831; Lecturer on anatomy and physiology in the medical school of St Thomas's Hospital, 1833-1839; Fellow, Royal Society, 1836; Assistant Surgeon, 1841-1853, Surgeon and Lecturer on Surgery, 1853-1871, St Thomas's Hospital; Fellow, 1843, Council Member, 1843, Examiner, 1867, Royal College of Surgeons of England; Arris and Gale Professor of Human Anatomy and Surgery, 1862; President, Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, 1867-1868; died, 1871.

Publications: The Human Brain, its configuration, structure, development, and physiology, illustrated by references to the nervous system in the lower order of animals (London, 1836), second edition (London, 1847); The intimate structure of secreting glands. By J[ohannes Mueller] [Being an analysis of his work.] ... With the subsequent discoveries of other authors, by S Solly (London, 1839); Surgical Experiences: the substance of clinical lectures (London, 1865); contributed papers to medical periodicals and to the Transactions of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society.

Henry Solly, 1813-1903, was born in London, the son of a businessman. His family were radical Protestant Dissenters, and Solly was educated at schools run by Unitarian ministers. He was one of the first students to attend University College, London (1829-1831), where he studied classics and mathematics. In 1840 Solly became minister at the Unitarian Chapel at Yeovil, Somerset. He became involved with the Chartist movement and several of the working class gropus in the town. After he served as a representative at the Birmingham chartist conference of 1842, Solly was forced out of his ministry. He was then minister at Tavistock 1842-1844, Shepton Mallet 1844-1847, Cheltenham 1847-1851, Carter Lane, London 1852-1857. In 1862 Solly founded the Working Men's Club and Institute Union in London. The aim of the organisation was to encourage the formation of clubs by working men "where they can meet for conversation, business, and mental improvement, with the means of recreation and refreshment, free from intoxicating drinks". He became its first paid secretary in 1863. When Solly opposed the clubs' practice of selling alcohol he was forced to resign. He returned in the 1870s but left again following disputes about his salary. By the time of solly's death in 1903 there were 992 clubs with 380,000 members in Britain. In 1869 Solly was instrumental in founding the Charity Organisation Society. Its aim was to better administering charity relief while emphasising the need for self help, and accompanying it with personal care. In 1884 Solly also established the Society for the Promotion of Industrial Villages. The society's purpose was to provide good-quality housing for working people. In 1868 Solly's daughter Emily Rebeecca married the Unitarian minister and temperance camaigner Philip Wicksteed (1844-1927). Solly died at Wicksteed's home in 1903. His publications include: 'Facts and fallacies connected with working men's clubs and institutes' (1865); 'Destitute poor and criminal classes: a few thoughts on how to deal with the unemployed poor of London, and with its roughs and criminal classes?' (1868); 'Re-housing of the industrial classes; or, village communities v town rookeries' (1884); 'The condition of the English working class: the papers of the Reverend Henry Solly' (1990).

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

The Association was founded in 1885 and was incorporated by Royal Charter in 1926. The objects were to look after the welfare of families of servicemen and women, to help them obtain assistance, to act as friendly advisers of service families and to represent the cause of families to appropriate Government departments.

The Soiuzphoto agency was active in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s.

The author's name is given in a note at the foot of the title page. Possibly written in London.

Soengei Rampah Rubber and Coconut Plantations Company Limited was registered in 1915 to acquire estates at Rampah, Bedagei, Sumatra, and take over Soengei Rampah Rubber Company Limited of Hong Kong. In 1960 it was acquired by London Sumatra Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-110). In April 1982 it became a private company.

Unknown.

According to a statement of ethical practice in the Socio-Legal Studies Association's 1995 Directory of Members, socio-legal studies may be defined as embracing "disciplines and subjects concerned with the social effects of the law, legal processes, institutions and services". SLSA was established to promote and support the work of socio-legal scholars, to facilitate the regular exchange of ideas and information and to represent the socio-legal research interest in discussions with other bodies. SLSA grew out of an informal group of academics that met at annual conferences to discuss matters of interest. In 1988 it was decided that the group needed a higher profile, and a conference was arranged in Oxford which was attended by over 100 people. The success of the conference permitted another to be held in Edinburgh in 1989, at which the proposal was made to create a formal Association. A Steering Committee was set up to formally establish the SLSA at the 1990 conference in Bristol, using some funds from various law faculties and from the Nuffield Foundation. A newsletter was first published in March 1989; in 1990 an editor was appointed to produce a regular newsletter. Chairs of SLSA are as follows: 1990-1993 Professor Hazel Genn; 1993-1996 Professor Martin Partington; 1996-date Professor Sally Wheeler.

The Society of Women Musicians was founded in London in 1911 by the singer Gertrude Eaton, the composer Katharine Eggar and the musicologist Marion M. Scott. It aimed to provide a focal point for women composers and performers to meet and enjoy the benefits of mutual cooperation. The 37 women at the inaugural meeting included musicians such as Ethel Barns, Rebecca Clarke, Agnes Larkcom, Anne Mukle and her sister, May Mukle, and Liza Lehmann, who became the society's first president. Later presidents included Cécile Chaminade, Fanny Davies, Rosa Newmarch, Myra Hess, Astra Desmond and Elizabeth Poston. Early members included Florence Marshall, Maude Valérie White and Ethel Smyth, who was honorary vice-president from 1925 to 1944. Among subsequent honorary vice-presidents were Nadia Boulanger, Imogen Holst, Elisabeth Lutyens, Elizabeth Maconchy and Fanny Waterman. By the end of its first year the society had formed a choir and a library, given several private concerts and a public concert of members' works (which included the première of the first two movements of Smyth's String Quartet in E minor), hosted a variety of lectures, held a composers' conference and attracted 152 female members and 20 male associates, including Thomas Dunhill and W W Cobbett, who donated the Cobbett Free Library of Chamber Music to the Society in 1918. By 1913 the Society had also formed an orchestra.In the 61 years of its existence, the society campaigned vigorously for the rights of women musicians, especially as members of professional symphony orchestras, and awarded prizes to composers and performers, as well as continuing to organize concerts and meetings. In 1972, the year after its Diamond Jubilee had been celebrated at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London, the organization disbanded.

Founded in 1968, the Society of Teachers Opposed to Physical Punishment (STOPP) was a pressure group which campaigned for the abolition of corporal punishment in schools and other institutions in the United Kingdom. It lobbied government officials, parliament, the churches, local education authorities, teachers' organisations and other bodies, wrote constantly to the press and published surveys and reports. It also investigated individual cases and supported families taking cases to the European Court of Human Rights. After corporal punishment was abolished in all state-supported education in the UK in 1986, the Society wound up its affairs. The Children's Legal Centre carried on its remaining casework and the residue of its funds were transferred to the group End Physical Punishment of Children (EPOCH).

Tacklehouse porters were employed by the City livery companies to convey goods to and from the waterside tacklehouses in which they allowed their members to store the materials of their trade. Street porters, later known as ticket porters, carried goods about the City, operating from river or roadside stands.

The Society of Tacklehouse and Ticket Porters was a fellowship, brought into being by the City authorities in order to regulate a large, mainly unskilled and intermittently troublesome labour force. Its constitution and activities were governed by ordinances drawn up by the Court of Aldermen in 1609.

The society was formed in 1790 and was the first trade association formed by the sugar refining industry. It held its meetings at the offices of Phoenix Assurance Company. It was also known as the Sugar Refiners Club, and Trebilcock's history of Phoenix refers to it as the Sugar Refiners Trade Committee.

The Society of Royal Cumberland Youths is a bell-ringing society, though little is known for certain of its history. It was established in 1747, and is said to have taken its name from the Duke of Cumberland, in honour of his bloody suppression of the Jacobite rising of 1745. It appears to have been based initially in the City of London, and always in the London area, though it rang peals throughout London and the home counties and especially in the church of St Leonard Shoreditch. The Society appears to have drawn its members from the ranks of the aristocracy and well-to-do professional classes. This much is apparent from the "Name books" or registers of members. Surviving records include the "Peal books" or records of peals rung, minute books and rules.

The Society of Radiographers was founded in 1920 at the instigation of radiologists Albert Forder, and Dr Robert Knox, of King's College Hospital. Forder, Knox along with Dr Walmsley and Mr Blackhall formed a sub-committee to draft the rules for the admission of members. Membership was open to applicants who had been actively and continually employed for not less than ten years in the electro-therapeutic department or the X-ray department of a hospital or institution approve by the Council. In 1921, examinations were introduced for entry to membership, and a syllabus developed. There were 67 members in 1921, which rose to 164 by 1923.

In 1930, a branch of the Society was formed in South Africa, and established a pattern of branch formation with local committee management that was propagated in the UK during the 1930s.The Scottish Radiographic Society was formed in 1927 became a branch of the Society in 1936, the South West Branch in 1937, the North West in 1942, the Midland and the North East in 1943. The first Annual Conference of the Society was held in Bath 1947.

The society was active in the area of training for members in the context of a move towards national registration of auxiliary medical professions. In 1932 a number of hospitals were inspected and officially recognised a training schools - including Guy's, King's College, The Royal Northern and the Hospital of St John and St Elizabeth in London, to which were added the Royal Infirmary and the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, the Middlesex Hospital, London, St Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, and the General Infirmary, Johannesburg, were added in 1934. The Board of Medical Auxiliaries was established for professional registration purposes in 1937. The Society's professional journal began in 1935, a Benevolent Fund was set up in 1936, and the first Fellowship examinations were held in 1937. It was also concerned with the employment conditions for radiographers, and in the late 1930s surveyed 35 county councils concerning salaries and terms of employment for radiographers.

During World War 2, the Society's Office was moved to Staplehurst, Kent, and the Society was asked to provide training for the Emergency Medical Service and a scheme to train assistants to qualified radiographers was devised. Radiography was designated a reserved occupation in 1940 due to the staff shortage. Training and the status of the radiographer continued to be an issue during and after the War, but their main energies were directed to the formation of the National Health Service, was launched in 1948. In 1951, the Cope Report was published, which recommended the setting up of a statutory council to maintain registers of medical auxiliaries qualified for employment in the NHS. Statutory Registration took effect under the Professions Supplementary to Medicine Act, 1960, and was implemented in 1962 for radiographers.

During the 1970s, the Society concentrated its energies on education and industrial relations, as well as consolidating its financial position. The extension of training for radiographers from two to three years was raised, as was the incorporation of the developing area of nuclear medicine the in to the syllabus. The system of payment for radiographers for emergency work was addressed, and the serious concerns about the loss of members from the profession. There were over 6,500 members in 1970.

The 1970s also was increased branch activity and a number were restructured - the Wessex Sub-branch was granted full Branch status, the North-East sub-branch became the Northumbrian Branch, and new branches were formed - East Mercia, and Devon and Cornwall.
In 1976, it was proposed that the Society become registered as a trade union. This required some restructuring within the Society to form a new charitable company to hold the Society's assets and de-register the Society as a charity. This led to the formation of the College of Radiographers, Jan 1977 to take over the educational and professional responsibilities. In 1990, the Society became affiliated with the Trade Union Congress (TUC).

Membership of the Society reached 10,000 in 1982, and by 1995 stood at 13,500. In 1999, the structure of the Society was revised, and the branches abolished and replaced by eight new regions and national councils for Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland.

Society initially occupied premises at the headquarters of the British Institute of Radiology, Seymour Place, before moving in 1926 to the headquarters of the British Institute of Radiology at 32 Welbeck St. In 1968, the Society relocated to its own premises at 14 Upper Wimpole St, then as space demands increased purchased No 13 Upper Wimpole St where it moved in 1986. It has since occupied premises at Eversholt St, and is currently located in Mill Street, London.

The Society of Public Teachers of Law (SPTL) was founded in 1908 by Dr Edward Jenks, the then Principal and Director of Studies of the Law Society. Rule 2 of the Society states that "The objects of the society shall be the furtherance of the cause of legal education in England and Wales, and of the work and interests of public teachers of law therein by holding discussions and enquiries, by publishing documents, and by taking other steps as may from time to time be deemed desirable" (see A.SPTL 6: List of Members and Rules 1910 p.9). The Society was to consist of a) ordinary members (any public teacher of law in England and Wales) and b) honorary members (any past teacher of law, overseas teacher of law or person who has "conferred important benefits on the Society or on legal education") (Ibid. Rule 6, p.11). The Society's affairs were to be managed by a General Committee, whose officers were to consist of a President, Vice-President, Treasurer and Honorary Secretary. Other Committee members were to comprise one member for each university conferring degrees in law, and one member for each body conferring professional qualifications in law. Thus all branches of legal education would be represented. Since its inception, the SPTL has acted to improve the quality of legal education and research through publishing reports, setting up working parties, putting forward submissions, holding conferences and producing journals and newsletters on matters relevant to legal education. Its representation on the different law teaching bodies in England and Wales has meant that it has operated with great effectiveness as a pressure group for change.

In 2002 the Society of Public Teachers of Law was renamed as the Society of Legal Scholars. Further information about the Society can be found in Fiona Cownie and Raymond Cocks. "A Great and Noble Occupation!": The History of the Society of Legal Scholars. Hart Publishing, 2009 (available in the IALS Library and as SPTL 25/10)

The Society of Public Notaries of London was formed in 1823 as a society to represent the profession of notaries public within London. The Society is now known as the Society of Scrivener Notaries (a term first used in 1978), in recognition of the sole entitlement ot its members, until 1998, by virtue of their being members of the Scriveners' Company, to practise within London and a three mile radius thereof. A notary public is a member of the legal profession who can administer oaths and statutory declarations, and witness and authenticate documents and legal instruments. In London, as the majority of these instruments were of an international nature, and were usually required for international exchanges, notaries public (now scrivener notaries) were also the translators of such documents. All notaries public in London had to be members of the Scriveners' Company, having served an apprenticeship, and then undergo additional examinations set by the Company (in conjunction with the Society and the Faculty Office). Notary appointments are then made by the Faculty Office of the Archbishop of Canterbury. There are currently only four City firms who are members of the Society of Scrivener Notaries.

The Society's affairs are managed by a Committee of no less than 9 members, including a Secretary and Treasurer. Meetings were held at offices of members, usually the Secretary (and, occasionally in the early 1880s in the London Tavern). But from 1885 they were often held in the Society's library, variously sited at Martin's Bank, 68 Lombard Street (1885-1901); 96 Bishopsgate St (1901-28), the Institute of Chartered Secretaries, 6 London Wall (1928-36), 8 Whittington Avenue (1936-40), 9 Bishopsgate (1940-60), 120 Moorgate (1960-75) and Stone House, Bishopsgate (1975-7).

The Society of Public Librarians (SPL) was founded in 1895 to promote the interests and professional status of chief librarians in and around London. The Society held monthly meetings at which papers would be presented on matters of professional interest or debate, including cataloguing, public access to library shelves, the selection of books and so on. The group also hosted an annual outing every summer out of London to a historic or cultural landmark or educational institution, along with an annual dinner in the Holborn area of London. The Society, along with leading members Charles Goss, John Frowde, Frank Chennell, William Bridle and Edward Foskett, remained one of the main vehicles of opposition to open access within the public library, with debate channelled through the correspondence pages of newspapers and periodicals. The Society folded in 1930.