The Female Middle Class Emigration Society (1862-1908) was founded in 1862. The population explosion in England during the first half of the nineteenth century led government policy to encourage large scale emigration, while simultaneous concerns over the number of 'superfluous', unmarried women led to projects to stimulate female emigration. At the Social Sciences conference of 1860, Bessie Parkes advocated emigration as a solution to the population. This was also the belief and advice of Miss Maria S Rye after her experiences in the Society for Promoting Employment of Women, when she was deluged with applicants for a limited number of posts. She herself helped twenty-two women emigrate before attending the 1861 Social Sciences conference, when she appealed for help in establishing a new society to these ends. The Female Middle Class Emigration Society (FMCES) was therefore founded in May 1862 at 12 Portugal Street by a group which included Maria Rye, Jane E. Lewin, Emily Faithfull and Elizabeth (Bessie) Rayner Parkes, with the fund-raising assistance of Barbara Bodichon and with Lord Shaftsbury as its first president. Its stated aims were to assist middle class women who did not benefit from the government sponsorship for which working class women were eligible. Financed by public subscription and private donation, the society aimed to provide interest-free loans to enable educated women to emigrate. In addition, it established contacts at both departure and arrival points (mainly colonial ports). The first party, which included Maria Rye, was sent out to New Zealand in the autumn of 1862. At this point, Jane Lewin took over as Secretary, running the organisation from Sep 1862. Difficulties arose when it became clear that employers wanted working class domestics rather than middle-class governess and Rye, on her return in 1865, left to work with the emigrating working class with a particular interest in children's emigration. Lewin continued to concentrate on recruiting educators. In 1872, a further appeal for financial help was issued as the restricted funds which the society had at its disposal were limiting the number of emigrants being sent abroad. Lewin retired as secretary in 1881 to be replaced by Miss Strongitharm. The Female Middle Class Emigration Society was never a wealthy organisation and from 1884 to 1886 the funds were administered by the Colonial Emigration Society (CES) under Miss Julia Blake, its Secretary. The FMES was officially absorbed into the CES in 1886. In 1892 arrangements were made for the United British Women's Emigration Association to administer the loan fund. In 1908 Miss Lewin retired, and the Female Middle Class Emigration Society's later history is bound up with the British Women's Emigration Association.
The Feminist and Women's Studies Association (1986-fl 2008) was established in 1986 as the Women's Studies Network. Its aim was to promote feminist research and teaching, and women's studies nationally and internationally. Through its elected executive committee, the Feminist and Women's Studies Association was involved in developing policy on issues of central importance to feminist scholars in further and higher education, supporting postgraduate events and enabling feminist research. Committed to raising awareness of women's studies, feminist research and women-related issues in secondary and tertiary education, the Feminist and Women's Studies Association liaised regularly with other gender-related research and community networks, as well as with policy groups. It organised conferences and produced a regular newsletter.
As at 2008 the organisation was active.
The partnership of Fenning and Shepard, insurance brokers and underwriters, first appears in London directories in 1826 at 3 Royal Exchange. The first partners were George Fenning and Robert Howard Shepard. In 1827 the firm moved to 5 Royal Exchange, to 4 Austin Friars in 1838, to Cornhill in 1846 and to Laurence Pountney Hill in 1919. From about 1842 Fenning and Shepard were also operating as underwriters at Lloyd's. They last appear in London directories in 1928.
Fennings Pharmaceuticals was founded in 1840 when Alfred Fennings (d 1900) opened the Golden Key Pharmacy in Hammersmith Broadway, London. Fennings sold medicines for the treatment of typhoid and cholera as well as for more minor ailments such as coughs and colds. However he was not a member of The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries and there is no trace of him in the Medical Register. In 1850 the business moved to Cowes, Isle of Wight and went into manufacturing. While the general management of the business, including advertising, correspondence, book-keeping, manufacturing and publishing was carried out at the Cowes office, manufacturing, packing and supply of various medicines was also carried out, under agreement, by Sanger and Sons (Seymour Works, 47 Lime Grove, Shepherds Bush London) and G.F. Sutton, Sons and Co. (Osbourne Works, Brandon Road, Kings Cross, London). These two firms collected all acounts due for goods supplied by them. After the death of Alfred Fennings in 1900 Fennings Pharmaceuticals became a Trust, with all profits going to Shaftesbury Homes, a children's charity. In 1948 the main office moved from Cowes to Horsham, West Sussex. From 1964 some medicines were being manufactured and distributed by J. Waterhouse and Co Ltd, (Church Street, Old Square, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire). There was also a manufacturing plant in Mabelthorpe, Lincolnshire. The company ceased trading in 1996. Fennings Pharmaceticals sold products across the Commonwealth, mainly in the area of child proprietary medicines.
John Fenton was a wine merchant who was based at 35 Crutched Friars from 1836-40. From 1841-68 his address was 79 Mark Lane.
Born 15 Aug 1891; educated Aldenham Institute, evening classes in letterpress printing, 1907-1916; apprentice and journeyman, Wyman and Sons, London, 1905-1915; compositor, layout-man and reader, Crowther and Co, 1915-1918; Overseer of compositor and deputy to Chief of Letterpress Dept, National Institute for the Blind, 1918-1920; Instructor, St Bride's Foundation Printing School, 1920-1922; Instructor, London School of Printing, Aug 1922-Jul 1956; continued to work as a part-time instructor at LSP until July 1961; member of various trade unions, including the London Society of Compositors, the London Typographical Society and the National Graphical Association; died 1989.
Born in 1821 at Earlsdon House near Newcastle-on-Tyne, Fenwick was apprenticed to Newcastle's Royal Infirmary aged 14. He qualified at 21, practised around North Shields and lectured at Durham University. He moved to London in 1862 and became assistant physician at the City of London Hospital for Diseases of the Chest and in 1868 then 1879 became assistant and full physician respectively at the London Hospital. He lectured at the London Hospital Medical School and published two books there - Student's guide to medical diagnosis (1869) and Outlines of medical treatment (1879). He retired from hospital work in 1896 and died in 1902. (Source - Lives of the Fellows of the RCP (Munk's Roll) Vol 4 p182).
Explored the Mustagh Pass in the Karakoram Himalayas with E Honigmann, 1903; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1907-1959.
Kurt Ferber was a resident of Berlin-Mariendorf; he is likely to have been employed by an iron manufacturing business, based in Berlin, although in what capacity it is not known. He refers to his many years service with the 'Spionagepolizei' (1252/1/8), it is not clear what that was, or when and where his service took place. He also refers to his time as a member of the border police in Silesia (1252/13). With regard to his family, the only information which emerges is that he had a cousin, who had been living in inner China for 10 years as a missionary (1252/1/11).
Olga Bruewitsch-Heuss, the other correspondent, was resident at the home of Major Runde, Berlin-Wilmersdorf Konstanzerstrasse 10 up until she moved to Bregenzerstrasse 15 flat 3 (1252/1/14, dated 22.10.1932) after a period of illness. The only information known about her family is that she had an uncle, General Giessler. Both correspondents were probably members of the Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur, since this organisation is referred to in the correspondence and there is further material relating to it in the collection.
Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur was founded by Alfred Rosenberg on 19 December 1928 in Munich. The purpose of the league was to promote the beliefs of Hitler on the nature of German culture and to combat Jewish influence in German cultural life. In May 1933 it was recognized as the official cultural organisation of the NSDAP.
Ferdinand became King of Bohemia in 1526 and succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor when his elder brother, Charles V, abdicated in 1556. His eldest son, Maximilian II, succeeded him as Emperor on his death in 1564. Catherine of Aragon, first wife of Henry VIII of England, was his aunt and Phillip II of Spain (husband of Catherine's daughter Mary I of England) was his nephew.
Born 31 January 1959; student, Mathematics and Physics, Edinburgh University, 1976-1978; BA honours History, King's College London, 1983; part-time research student, Department of War Studies, King's College London, 1984-1989.
John Ferguson was born in Tain, Easter Ross in 1842. He was educated at Tain Royal Academy, then trained as a journalist in Inverness and London before going to Ceylon om 1861 to take up a position as Assistant Editor of the Columbo Observer, under his uncle, the proprietor and Editor, Alastair Mackenzie (AM) Ferguson. He was to remain with the paper (renamed the Ceylon Observer) in 1867) for nearly 50 years, initially assisting his uncle, but gradually taking a more senior role, and becoming the proprietor and editor on his uncle's death in 1892.
Ferguson developed an active role in the political, commercial and cultural affairs of Ceylon. He took a particular interest in the development and expansion of the railway system, and became closely involved in the tea, coffee, coconut and other planting trades for which he compiled and published statistics in his annually issued Handbook and Directory of Ceylon. His interest in these trades also led to his founding and publishing the Tropical Agriculturalist, a journal covering planting in all tropical regions, which began in 1881 and continued under his control until 1904, when responsibility for it was assumed by the Agricultural Society. Ferguson was very active in the Cinnamon Gardens Baptist Church (as was his uncle), and lectured on many of his interests. He travelled overseas from Ceylon on several occasions, visiting Australia, New Zealand, Japan, China, North America and Britain.
In 1903 Ferguson was awarded the CMG, and in the same year was appointed as a member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon. In this role he continued to support his interests, such as extension of the railway system and supporting trade. He resigned in 1908, and in 1912 returned to Britain for the last time, and he died there in 1913. He was married twice: firstly in 1871 to Charlotte Haddon (died 1903), by whom he had two sons and two daughters; secondly in 1905 to Ella Smith, who survived him.
Alastair Mackenzie (AM) Ferguson, the uncle of John, was born in Wester Ross in 1816. He came to Ceylon in 1837 as one of the staff of JA Stewart Mackenzie, the newly appointed Governor. After holding various posts, he became assistant editor on the Ceylon Observer in 1846, under the then owner, Dr Elliott. In 1859 Dr Elliott sold the newspaper to Ferguson, who was himself joined by his nephew as assistant editor in 1861. From 1879 he took a lesser role in the production of the newspaper, but continued to contribute material, while in 1880-1 he was the Ceylon Commissioner to the Melboune Exhibition. He was awarded the CMG shortly after this event. He made return visits to Britain in the 1860s and 1870s but not thereafter for health reasons; however he continued to make visits abroad to India and Australia. He became a highly respected figure in Ceylon, and like his nephew was very supportive of the planting trades and railway development. He died in 1892.
John Ferguson was the owner of Robert Ferguson and Son, a textile manufacturing company in Carlisle.
Robert Ferguson was born in India on 15 November 1799, the son of Robert Ferguson of the Indian Civil Service, originally from Glen Islay, Perthshire, and grand-nephew of the historian Adam Ferguson. Ferguson's early education was at a school in Croydon. He then began to study medicine as a pupil of his relative George Ricketts Nuttall, a practitioner in Soho, whilst attending lectures at the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy. He studied for a time in Heidelberg, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of German literature, before entering the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. During his time at Edinburgh he became friends with the novelist and poet Sir Walter Scott, and Scott's son-in-law John Gibson Lockhart, novelist and biographer. Ferguson graduated MD in 1823.
In 1824 he became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, and began to practice midwifery in London. He became great friends with the eminent physician Robert Gooch, and obtained his patronage, succeeding to a large portion of Gooch's practice. Ferguson's first publication was a letter to Sir Henry Halford, president of the Royal College of Physicians, in 1825, proposing a combination of the old inoculation of smallpox with vaccination. After travelling abroad for a time as a medical attendant to various high societal families, he took the post of resident medical officer at the Marylebone Infirmary.
In 1827 he was active in founding the London Medical Gazette, an opportunity for conservative opinion in medical politics and academic views in medical science to be expressed. He was also a frequent contributor to the Quarterly Review. Most of his articles were on medicine, although one or two were of a philosophico-religious kind. Ferguson had a number of close literary friends, the novelists and poets William Wordsworth, Washington Irving, and Sir Henry Taylor. Ferguson anonymously authored a `History of Insects' for Murray's Family Library(1829-47).
With the support of Gooch he continued to specialise in obstetric practice, was appointed physician to the Westminster Lying-in Hospital, and became professor of obstetrics at King's College, when the medical department was opened in 1831. Ferguson became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1837. In 1840 he was appointed physician-accoucheur to Queen Victoria, during which appointment he attended the births of all her children. In 1844 and 1845 he was censor at the College, and between 1857 and 1859 a member of the council.
From 1857 he gradually withdrew from his extensive obstetric practice and became a general medical practitioner. He resigned his appointment as physician-accoucheur to the Queen, and was made her physician extraordinary. His success as a general practitioner was remarkable considering he had not served as physician to one of the large general hospitals. Indeed so successful did he become that it has been said that, at the time, `no physician was so well known' (Medical Times, 1865, p.14). Among his patients were distinguished leaders in politics and literature, such as Sir Walter Scott, with whom he had maintained friendships throughout his career.
He was twice married, first in 1830 to a lady of the noble French family of Labalmondiere, and then in 1846 to Mary Macleod, with whom he had five children. Ferguson died at his country cottage at Winkfield, Berkshire, on 25 June 1865, at the age of 65.
Publications:
Essay on the Most Important Diseases of Women. Part 1, Puerperal Fever; On the Method of Induction and its Results in Medical Science (London, 1839)
On Some of the Most Important Diseases of Women; Prefatory Essay by Robert Ferguson, Robert Gooch; Robert Ferguson (London, 1859)
Born,1808, educated University of Edinburgh, from 1826, pupil, prosector and demonstrator, Old Surgeon's Hall, Edinburgh, under the anatomist Dr Robert Knox, 1828; surgeon, Edinburgh Royal Dispensary, 1831-1836; surgeon, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, 1836-1840; Fellow, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1829; Fellow, Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1836; appointed Professor of Surgery, King's College London, and surgeon, King's College Hospital, 1840, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1840, Fellow, 1844, Vice-President, 1869, President, 1870, Hunterian Orator, 1871; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1848, President of the British Medical Association, 1873; Surgeon in Ordinary to Albert, Prince Consort of Queen Victoria, 1849; Surgeon Extraordinary to Queen Victoria, 1855; Sergeant Surgeon, 1867; resigned as Professor of Surgery, King's College, 1870; died, 1877.
Publications: Case of aneurism of the insominata (Edinburgh, 1841); Account of the dissection of a patient in whom the subclavian artery had been tied for axillary aneurism (Edinburgh, 1841); A system of practical surgery (Edinburgh, 1841); The introductory lecture delivered at King's College, London, on opening the medical session of 1848-49 (London, 1848); Lectures on the progress of anatomy and surgery during the present century (London and Edinburgh, 1867); The Hunterian Oration for 1871 (London, 1871).
Lewis Leigh Fermor was born in Peckham on 18th September 1880, the eldest of six children of a bank clerk. After gaining a National Scholarship to attend the Royal College of Science in 1898, Fermor began studying metallurgy with the aim of working at the Royal Mint. He was eventually encouraged to apply to the Geological Survey of India by Professor J W Judd, and departed for India in 1902.
There followed a long and successful career at the Geological Survey of India. In 1909, after discovering six manganese minerals, his report on the manganese deposits of the country earned him his DSc. During WW1 he assisted the Railway Board and the Indian Munitions Board, for which he received an OBE in 1919. He lead the surveying of the Archaean rocks of Madhya Pradesh both before and after the First World War. Although he officially became director of the Survey in 1932, he had previously acted as such for several years in the 1920s and from 1930 onwards. He retired from the directorship in 1935, but continued to live in India until 1939 as a consulting geologist.
Fermor eventually retired to Bristol, and died on 24th May 1954. His knighthood came in 1935, with other honours including the presidency of the Indian Science Congress (1933), first President of the National Institute of Sciences of India (1935), FRS (1934) and President of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (1951-1952). He became a fellow of the Geological Society in 1902, received the Bigsby Medal in 1921 for his earlier work on garnets, and served on Council from 1943-1947. He married his first wife, Muriel Ambler, in 1909, with whom he had two children (Vanessa and the writer Patrick Leigh Fermor) before divorcing, and his second wife, Frances Mary Case, in 1933.
Born 1854; educated, St James' School , Jersey and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; Lt, Royal Engineers (RE), 1873; Capt, 1885; Adjutant, Royal Engineers, 1888-1892; Maj, 1892; Lt Col, 1898; Afghanistan, 1878-1880; Sudan (Nile) Expedition, 1884-1885; Sudan, 1885-1886; Tirah and North West Frontier Expedition, India, 1897-1898; Col, 1903; Commanding Troops, Natal, 1904; Chief Engineer, Coastal Defence, Eastern Command 1905-1908; Commandant, School of Military Engineering and Commander, Royal Engineers Depot, 1908-1910; Maj Gen, 1910; General Officer Commanding troops in Sierra Leone, 1911-1914; Garrison Commander, Humber Defences, 1915-1917; retired, 1917; died 1934.
Sir David Ferrier was born on 13 January 1843 at Woodside, near Aberdeen, the son of David Ferrier, businessman. He was educated at the local grammar school before entering Aberdeen University in 1859. He graduated MA in 1863 with first class honours in classics and philosophy, and then spent the next six months in Europe. Whilst abroad he spent some time studying psychology at Heidelberg. In 1865 he went to Edinburgh University to study medicine, graduating MB in 1868.
From 1868-70 Ferrier was assistant to a general practitioner, William Edmund Image, in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. During this time Ferrier prepared his MD thesis on corpora quadrigemina, for which he was awarded a gold medal. In 1870 he moved to London and was lecturer on physiology at the Middlesex Hospital for a short time. The following year he was appointed demonstrator of physiology at King's College Hospital, and in 1872 succeeded to the chair of forensic medicine.
In 1873 Ferrier began his research into electrical excitation of the brain. He proved through his experiments the existence of the localization of the cerebral functions, a fact hitherto disputed. Indeed he was the first to map the cerebral cortex, from what had been an unknown area. Ferrier demonstrated that the combined areas of excitable points on the brain's surface were more extensive, and that more movements throughout the body could be elicited, in an ape than in animals less like human beings. He further inferred, through his research on monkeys, that conditions of disease in the brain could be effectively dealt with surgically, to a far greater extent than had been done previously.
Ferrier undoubtedly made a great contribution to modern cerebral surgery, enabling relief for patients suffering from certain forms of brain tumour and brain injury, although his animal experiments brought him opposition from anti-vivisectionists. His Croonian Lectures to the Royal Society in 1874 and 1875 were on the subject of his early research, as was his treatise, The Functions of the Brain (1876; 2nd ed. 1886), which was translated into several languages.
In 1874 he was elected assistant physician both at King's College Hospital and at the West London Hospital. He was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1876. In the following year he also became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, and in 1878 delivered the College's Goulstonian Lectures on the subject of localization of cerebral disease. Ferrier was an active member of the Neurological Society, and was one of the founders and editors of the journal Brain when it started in 1878. In 1881 he became physician in charge of outpatients at King's College Hospital. At this time he was also on the staff at the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic.
Ferrier was a member of the Metropolitan Counties Branch of the British Medical Association from 1888-89. In 1889 the post of Professor of Neuropathology was created for him at King's College London. The following year he was made full physician at King's College Hospital. Also in 1890 he was awarded the Royal Medal of the Royal Society, and in 1891 the Cameron Prize of Edinburgh University. In 1894 he was president of the Neurological Society, having been a member of the council of the society for a number of years. At the Royal College of Physicians he delivered the Harveian Oration in 1902, and acted as senior censor in 1907. In 1908 he was appointed emeritus professor at King's College London.
Ferrier was knighted in 1911. In 1913 he was president of the Medical Society of London. He was awarded honorary degrees from the universities of Cambridge and Birmingham.
Ferrier had married Constance Waterlow in 1874, and they had a son and a daughter. Ferrier died in London on 19 March 1928 at his home in Kensington. An eponymous lecture was posthumously endowed at the Royal Society in 1929, and at the Royal Society of Medicine a Ferrier memorial library was founded and endowed.
Publications
Historical Notes on Poisoning (London, 1872)
The Localisation of Cerebral Disease (Goulstonian Lectures, 1878) (London, 1878)
The Functions of the Brain (London, 1876; 2nd ed. 1886)
Principles of Forensic Medicine, William Augustus and David Ferrier (London, 6th ed. 1888)
Cerebral Localisation (London, 1890)
The Heart and Nervous System (Harveian Oration, 1902) (London, 1902)
On Tabes Dorsalis (Lumleian Lectures, 1906) (London, 1906)
Ferris Brothers Limited were builders and contractors based at 104 and 106 Churchfield Road West, Acton, W3; with a yard at 9A, Back Street, Acton.
The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.
Ferrol is situated on the north-west coast of Spain and has been a centre of shipbuilding for many years.
Eric Edward Mockler-Ferryman was born on 27 June 1896 at Maidstone, Kent. After attending the Wellington Royal Military Academy he joined the Royal Artillery in 1915. During the First World War he served in France and Flanders. In 1919 he was promoted to the rank of Captain. Between the wars he served with the army in Ireland and Australia. Early in the Second World War he served in military intelligence and was promoted to Brigadier in August 1940 to head the intelligence branch of General Headquarters Home Forces. He served in the intelligence branch of General Eisenhower's Anglo-American Army and the Special Operations Executive, where he became its director of operations in North West Europe. After the war he had a spell with the Allied Control Commission in Hungary from 1945 to 1946. He retired from the army in 1947. He was awarded a CBE in 1941 as well as high orders from the United States, Belgium, France and Holland. He received an honorary MA from the University of London. He died in 1978.
In October 1949 the London County Council approved an agreement by which 37 acres of Battersea Park were to be used as Festival Gardens and Fun Fair in connection with the Festival of Britain 1951. The Gardens were to be managed by a limited liability company and the Council was to be represented on the Board of Directors. The company had to rely for capital on loans from the Treasury (maximum £570,000) and from the Council (maximum £200,000). It was guaranteed that the maximum possible loss to the Council would be £40,000.
Attractions included a water-garden, fountains, Tree-Walk (wooden walkways suspended in branches), the Guiness Clock, the Far Tottering and Oyster Creek Branch Railway (a miniature railway), a dance pavilion, and fun fair rides including the Sky Wheel, Water Splash, Bubble-Bounce and a rollercoaster called 'The Big Dipper'. The intention of the Gardens was to recreate the eighteenth century pleasure garden such as those at Vauxhall.
The original Board of Directors for the Festival Gardens Company was appointed by the Festival of Britain Council. The Chairman was Sir Henry French who had been Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Food, and had later worked in the public entertainment world as Director General of the Film Producers' Association. The final Board had only four civil servants from the Festival of Britain Office. In addition there were three representatives of the London County Council, the Chairman of London Transport, one (later three), members of the amusement industry, an eminent horticulturist and a representative of the entertainments world.
Under the Festival Pleasure Gardens Act, 1952, the Council had the right to ask the Minister of Works to exercise his power to discontinue the Gardens after the 1953 season and this was done. In November 1953 the Council agreed that it would accept a transfer of the fixed assets of Festival Gardens, Ltd., together with a payment of £100,000 (subject to adjustment if necessary in respect of the disposal of Festival Gardens Pier) in discharge of the company's liability for the reinstatement of the park. The records of the company were handed over in 1954 and were kept intact until March 1962 when all vouchers, duplicates, and so on were destroyed.
The circle of Anglicans whose efforts led to the incorporation of the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy charity had for many years previously been pursuing the aims formulated in the Charter of 1678 by means of the annual Festival of the Sons of the Clergy. This enabled the raising of money at a solemn service, held in a prominent church in the Capital, and a grand feast to follow, at which the liberal benefactions of the wealthy were solicited. The origins of the Festival are obscure, the first extant Sermon preached on such an occasion being dated 1655.
The Festival, with its organisers and administrators, must be regarded as the parent of the Corporation. No doubt practical experience showed the creation of a Corporation to be the best means of ensuring orderliness and continuity in the administration of such a Charity. If the annual benevolence of the Festival attracted offers of endowment by estates, which would yield a regular and permanent income, the creation of a body corporate would be the only way of avoiding the tiresome necessity of continual renewal of trustees to make up for depletions by death.
The Festival, with its Stewards and Secretary, and the Corporation, with its Court of Assistants and Registrar, continued as separate, though closely linked, entities, and the same people were often active in both. The funds raised at the Festival were administered separately until in the 1830's they were handed over to the Corporation to administer though still as a separate fund.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Baron Ernst von Feuchtersleben (1806-1849) was a distinguished philosopher, poet and critic who qualified at Vienna University in 1833. In 1840 he was secretary of the newly founded Vienna Medical Society, and in 1844 professor of mental diseases becoming Dean of the Faculty of Medicine in the next year. In the national troubles of 1848 he was Under-Secretary of State, but shortly resigned as his liberalizing views were rejected. His patients were frequently from the Viennese artistic and literary circles.
Born 26 June 1868, son of Rev. Edmund Salusbury ffoulkes, BD. He was educated at Radley School, Shrewsbury School, and St John's College, Oxford.
He left Oxford without a degree and went on to study art. His interest turned to the metalwork and the study of metallic artefacts and thence to arms and armour. He was invited to give lectures for the Oxford History Board on Armour and military subjects, gaining a Bachelor of Letters, 1911. In 1913, he was appointed Curator of the Tower Armouries, 1913-1935, and Master of the Armouries, 1935-1938. In 1917, ffoulkes obtained government approval of a plan to collect historical material relating to the current war, and was appointed First Curator and Secretary Imperial War Museum (IWM), 1917-1933, and following his retirement from the IWM he became one of its Trustees, 1934-1946. He remained in his part time post at the Tower until the age of 70, in 1938 and continued to publish his writings.
ffoulkes was also Lieutenant RNVR, 1914-1918; Major Royal Marines, unattached, 1918-1920; Member, War Office Committee on Military Museum; Hon. Freeman, Armourers' Company; Volunteer Warden, ARP, 1939; Sergeant of Pioneers, Home Guard, 20th Bn Middlesex Regt, 1940-1945; Officer of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, 1929; and was awarded Hon. DLitt. Oxon, 1936; CB 1934; OBE 1925.
In 1942, he married, Dorothy Agnes Garratt, MBE. He died 22 April 1947.
Publications:
Armour and Weapons, 1909; new edition, Gaya's Traité des Armes, 1911; Arms and Armour in the University of Oxford; The Armourer and his Craft, 1912; Ironwork, 1913; Survey and Inventory of the Tower of London, 1917; Catalogue of the Armourers' and Brasiers' Company; Notes on the Pierpont Morgan XIIIth Century Old Testament, 1927; The Gun-founders of England, 1936; Sword, Lance, and Bayonet, 1938; Arms and the Tower, 1939; Arms and Armament, 1945; many papers in Archæologia, Journal of Army Historical Research, etc.
Born, 1795; married Anna Wale (d 1859); appointed by the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society to St Vincent, West Indies, 1824; stationed in the West Indies, 1825-1838; minister at Retford, 1838-1840; minister at Belper, 1840-1842; returned to missionary work, serving in Demerara and the West Indies, 1842-1851; returned to England, serving as minister at Launceston, Kingsbridge, Ashburton and Bridgewater, 1851-1857; returned as missionary to Demerara, 1857-1861; missionary to Antigua, 1862-1866; returned to England and died at Weston-super-Mare, 1866.
Educated at Guy's Hospital, obtained MRCS, LRCP London, 1893
Cyrus West Field was born in Stockbridge, Massachussetts. His successful business ventures in New York City as a young man enabled him to retire aged 33. With Charles Tilston Bright and others, he formed the Atlantic Telegraph Company, which laid the first telegraph cable between Europe and North America in 1858. In later life, Field lost his money due to bad investments and was bankrupt at the time of his death.
George Field: born, Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire in about 1777; educated at St Peter's School, Berkhampstead; experimented with the application of chemistry to pigments and dyes; successfully cultivated madder, (a plant cultivated for dye); invented a 'physeter' or percolator acting by air pressure to produce coloured lakes or pigments; awarded the Society of Arts' gold Isis medal for the percolator, 1816, (the apparatus is described by in Society of Arts Transactions, xxxiv pp 87-94); continued to work on preparing colours for use by artists; other inventions included a metrochrome and conical lenses; died, Isleworth, Middlesex, 1854.
Publications: Chromatics; or, an Essay on the analogy and harmony of colours (Newman, London, 1817); Chromatography, or, A treatise on colours and pigments, and of their powers in painting (London, 1835); Ethics; or, the analogy of the Moral Sciences indicated; Outlines of Analogical Philosophy, being a primary view of the principles, relations and purposes of Nature, Science, and Art 2 vols (London, 1839); Rudiments of the Painter's Art: or, a Grammar of Colouring (London, 1850); Tritogenea, or, A brief outline of the universal system; Dianoia. The third Organon attempted, or, Elements of Logic and subjective philosophy; Aesthetics, or, the analogy of the sensible sciences indicated: with an appendix on light and colors; The analogy of the physical sciences indicated; Society of Arts Transactions, xxxiv pp 87-94.
Born Harry Ernest Field, 1866; studied accounting at King's College London, [1884]-1887; emigrated to Canada, 1887; Chief Accountant for the United States Government, Isthmian (Panama) Canal Commission, 1905-1908; devised financial scheme for Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, 1909; accountant, Tacoma and Roche Harbour Lime Co, 1910-1911; legally changed his name to Harry Gooding Field when he became a citizen of the United States of America, 1910; Financial Expert and Investigator, Territorial Government of Hawaii, 1914-1917; Executive Officer, Headquarters Selective Service Draft, US Army, Territory of Hawaii, Feb 1918; Maj and Staff Officer, Sep 1918; discharged from US Army, Nov 1920; devised a costing system for the Municipality of Singapore, 1921; contributed to the Malaya-Borneo exhibition, 1922; died 1946.
Field entered the navy as a cadet in 1868, becoming a sub-lieutenant in 1874, and a lieutenant only a year later as a result of his success in the examinations. He received the Beaufort Testimonial for 1875. After a few months on HMS BLACK PRINCE he embarked on his career in surveying and hydrography, the branch of the service in which he remained. From 1876 to 1880 he served on the surveying vessel HMS FAWN and in 1881 was employed in his first piece of independent work, as Admiralty Surveyor for the river entrances of the Niger delta, known as the Oil Rivers. From 1882 to 1884 he was on HMS SYLVIA and his first command was HMS DART in 1885, surveying around New Guinea and Tasmania. In 1889 he was promoted to commander and served from 1890 to 1894 on HMS EGERIA around Borneo. He was twice commended by the Admiralty for his surveying work. In 1895 he was promoted to captain and from 1896 to 1899 commanded HMS PENGUIN, surveying islands in the south west Pacific including deep borings on Funafuti Atoll under the auspices of the Royal Society. This was his last foreign service and on his return, he spent the next four years until 1904, surveying on HMS RESEARCH in home waters. In 1903 in company with HMS FLIRT he was involved in sounding experiments at speed in the Channel with the resulting tables bearing his name. He was Hydrographer from 1904 to 1909, was made a Rear-Admiral in 1906 and in 1909 was appointed the first Admiral representative on the Port of London Authority, a post he held until 1925. In 1910 he retired and the same year was promoted to Vice-Admiral on the retired list, becoming Admiral in 1913. In 1905 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1911 received the KCB. From 1910 to 1930 he was Acting Conservator of the River Mersey, and was a Nautical Assessor to the House of Lords. As a leading authority he wrote on surveying and revised and enlarged the "Hydrographical Surveying" of his predecessor as Hydrographer, Rear-Admiral Sir William Wharton, publishing the 3rd edition in 1909 and the fourth in 1920. With Purey-Cust he patented the Field/Cust automatic tide-recorder in 1908. His father, John Bousquet Field (1819-1869) served as a midshipman on HMS PICKLE in 1839 and became a captain.
Field and Sons, Auctioneers and Surveyors was established in 1802 in Southwark. In 1890s and 1900s the firm described themselves as 'Auctioneers, Surveyors, Land and Estate Agents'. Charles R Field was a partner during the 1900s-1910s and personally dealt with matters relating to clients including Borough Market Trust for which he was also a Trustee. The firm passed out of the family's hands in 1999 after being managed by six generations of the Field Family.
Premises: in Southwark (1802-1880); 54 Borough High Street, Southwark (from 1880). The firm also had a further office successively at 17 Tokenhouse Yard, City of London (1907) 52 Chancery Lane; and 5 Waterloo Place, Westminster (1910s).
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.
Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).
A bargain and sale was an early form of conveyance often used by executors to convey land. The bargainee, or person to whom the land was bargained and sold, took possession, often referred to as becoming 'seised' of the land.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The Field Lane Foundation started out in 1841 on the 7th November as the Field Lane Sabbath School accommodating 45 boys and girls crowded into a small room in Caroline Court. The School was soon moved to Saffron Hill, an area of great poverty near Holborn, but was regarded with much suspicion and hostility by the locals. The teachers persisted and by 1842 the founder Dr. Provan had a staff of 7 voluntary teachers who helped lay plans for the future of the school.
The school was maintained by contributions from the teachers but by 1843 the committee decided to seek financial help with the aid of a Times advertisement. Help came from Lord Shaftesbury who served as President of the School until his death in 1885.
In 1847 the Field Lane Free School opened. The school opened from 9.30am to 12 noon and from 2pm to 4pm with an average attendance of 40 growing to 70 within the year. Curriculum was limited but in addition to the Day school evening classes were started such as the Girls' sewing class.
The school soon moved to larger premises and in 1851 the committee widened its activities to assist with poor mothers by providing suitable clothing and bedding for babies. Further help came with the opening of the Night Refuge giving accommodation to 100 men. In 1857 a similar refuge for destitute women and girls was opened in Hatton Gardens.
In 1865 a piece of land was purchased on Saffron Hill and a new building erected to accommodate all the branches of activity undertaken. This meant with increased space a Day Nursery and Youth Institute could be established.
The 1870 Education Act placed the Field Lane Ragged School under the management of the School Board for London. However in 1871 Field Lane opened 2 Industrial Schools for boys and girls. These were designed to educate and train orphans, destitute and deserted children. The schools moved out to Hampstead, the boys to Hillfield and the Girls to Church Row away from their original city site.
In 1908 Field Lane was incorporated under the Companies Act. In the post First World War years, the Field Lane Schools admissions dropped substantially with the introduction of the Probation Service and in 1931 the Hampstead Schools closed. During this time, the work of sending children and families to the seaside or country for holidays had developed to the extent that in 1939 Eastwood Lodge near Southend was purchased as a Holiday Home. Further development was disrupted by the outbreak of war and much of the work in London came to a standstill.
With the introduction of the welfare state many of the Field Lane services became state responsibility so the Institution turned to helping the aged. Eastwood Lodge was re-opened and in 1947 a house in Reigate known as Dovers was purchased and opened as a residential home for 21 able bodied elderly people. Along with Dovers, Holly Hill, Banstead was opened as a "half way" convalescent home and in 1951 the Institution took over The Priory, West Worthing which became another residential home. In 1953 the Field Lane Institution inherited another holiday home, 'Singholm' at Walton-on-Naze, from the Home Workers Aid Association and converted it to a residential home for 43 old people.
All these homes have been involved in programmes of modification and extension to the buildings to increase access and accommodation. The Field Lane Institution also continued its London work in the form of Community Centres with the upgrading of Ampton Street Baptist Church near Kings Cross.
The Institution became the Field Lane Foundation in 1972 and continues in its work today.
The property in Fulham was owned by Sir Brooke Bridges. It came into the Fielding family via his widow Dame Elizabeth Bridges, who married the Honorable Charles Fielding of Goodnestone, Kent.
Born, 1944; educated, Eton, Liveryman, Vintners' Company, 1960; French Parachutist Wings, 1965; Lt, Royal Scots Greys, 1966; Capt, 1968; attached 22 SAS Regiment, 1966; Sultan of Muscat's Armed Forces, 1968; Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve, 1971; Capt, Royal Armoured Corps; leader of British expeditions: White Nile, 1969; Jostedalsbre Glacier, 1970; Headless Valley, 1971; (towards) North Pole, 1977; leader of the Trans Globe Expedition: first to journey around the world on its polar axis using surface transport only, 1979-1982; North Polar unsupported expeditions, 1986 and 1990; South Polar unsupported expedition: first crossing of the Antarctic continent and longest polar journey, 1992-1993; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) from 1970; awarded the RGS Founder's Medal, 1984.
William Fiennes was born in Oxfordshire in 1582. He was educated at Winchester College and at New College, Oxford. He succeeded his father as Baron Saye and Sele in 1613 and was made a viscount in 1624; he was active in the House of Lords and, staunchly protestant, was often deeply opposed to the policies of King Charles I. During the Civil War he supported and fought for the Parliamentarians; he was opposed to the King's execution, however, and retired from active politics during the Protectorate. Fiennes accepted the Restoration of the monarchy and was made a privy counsellor by Charles II in 1660, less than two years before his death.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).
A 'fine' was a fee, separate from the rent, paid by the tenant or vassal to the landlord on some alteration of the tenancy, or a sum of money paid for the granting of a lease or for admission to a copyhold tenement.
A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.
A bargain and sale was an early form of conveyance often used by executors to convey land. The bargainee, or person to whom the land was bargained and sold, took possession, often referred to as becoming 'seised' of the land.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
The Finance Committee was one of the principal sub- committees of the College's governing Council, overseeing accounting, capital and departmental expenditure. Its main functions were transferred to the Delegacy Finance Committee in 1910, following the King's College London (Transfer) Act of 1908 that legally divided King's into secular and theological institutions. Following the reunification of the two halves of King's in 1980, responsibility for the government of the whole College was returned to the Council, with separate Delegacy and Council sub-committees being similarly recombined.
Born in London, 1866; educated at the City of London College, and King's College London; studied art at the Lambeth School of Art and in Paris; worked for the Graphic and Illustrated London News, and as art critic for several papers including the Manchester Guardian and the Saturday Review; commissioned by the Trustees of the National Gallery to complete the arrangement and inventory of the Turner bequest, begun by John Ruskin, 1905; brought to light a large number of unknown paintings by Turner, which led to their exhibition at the Tate, 1906, and the building of the new Turner Gallery by Sir Joseph Duveen; founded the Walpole Society, to encourage the study and promotion of British art, 1911; Honorary Secretary and Editor of the Walpole Society, 1911-1922; Art Adviser to the Board of Inland Revenue for picture valuations, 1914-1919; Lecturer on the History of Painting to the Education Committee of London County Council, and the University of London; died 1939.
Publications: The English Water Colour Painters (1906); Drawings of David Cox (George Newnes, London, Charles Schribner's Sons, New York, [1906]); A Complete Inventory of the Drawings of the Turner Bequest 2 vols, (Stationery Office, London, 1909); Ingres (1910); The Turner Drawings in the National Gallery, London (no publication details); Turner's Sketches and Drawings...With 100 illustrations (1910); Turner's Water-Colours at Farnley Hall ("The Studio", London, 1912); Some Reflections on the Art Editor and the Illustrator (London, 1912); The Development of British Landscape Painting in Water-Colours edited by Charles Holme, with text by A J Finberg and E A Taylor ("The Studio", London, 1918); Early English Water-Colour Drawings by the Great Masters edited by Geoffrey Holme, with articles by A J Finberg ("The Studio", London, 1919); Notes on four Pencil Drawings of J M W Turner (Chiswick Press, London, 1921); The First Exhibition of the New Society of Graphic Art (Alexander Moring, London, 1921); The History of Turner's Liber Studiorum. With a new catalogue raisonné (Ernest Benn, London, 1924); Modern Painters. Abridged & edited by A J Finberg by John Ruskin (G Bell and Sons, London, 1927); An Introduction to Turner's Southern Coast (Cotswold Gallery, London,1929); In Venice with Turner (Cotswold Gallery, London, 1930); The Life of J M W Turner, RA (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1939).
Born, Rickmansworth, 1900, and educated at Oxford University, where he received a third class in Lit Hum. Worked with Basil Blackwell and Bernard Newdigate at the Shakespeare Head Press before setting up his own press, the Alcuin, in a barn in Chipping Campden. In 1936, Finberg's company moved to Welwyn but foundered in the slump. He then became the director of the Broadwater Press and, in 1944, the editorial director of Burnes, Oates and Washbourne. He also served in an advisory capacity to Her Majesty's Printers and the Ministry of Works; genealogical research on the Duke of Bedford's estates resulting in the publication of his Tavistock Abbey in 1949. After attending meetings of the Devon Association, Finberg struck up a friendship with W.G.Hoskins, lecturer in economic history at Leicester University and co-authored a collection of essays Devonshire Studies. Reader and Head of the Department of English Local History, Leicester University until his retirement in 1965, editing a series of Occasional Papers in Local History and using his earlier publishing experience to launch and edit the Agricultural History Review, which he edited for 11 years; also general editor of the Agrarian History of England project and President of the British Agricultural History Society between 1966 and 1968. He was appointed Professor in 1964. In retirement, Finberg was also active, becoming part-time research assistant at Leeds, working with Maurice Beresford on a handlist of medieval boroughs, and between 1968 and 1969 was a Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. He was a member of a committee of specialist advisors to the Vatican Council on vernacular liturgies. His Manual of Catholic Prayer (1962) was also awarded the Belgian Prix Graphica in 1965. Finberg died in November 1974.
Born 1881; Associate of King's College London, 1907; Bachelor of Divinity, University of London, 1908; ordained deacon, 1907, and priest, 1908; Curate of St Mary, Rotherhithe, 1907-1913; Vice Principal of St Paul's Missionary College, and licentiate preacher, Diocese of Lincoln, 1913-1918; lecturer at St Paul's Missionary College, 1918-1920; Assistant Diocesan Inspector of Schools, Lincoln, 1918-1920; Chaplain to Te Aute College, Napier, New Zealand, 1921-1922; Vicar of Featherstone, 1922-1924; Vicar of Khandallah, 1924-1927; Vicar of Winthorpe, Lincolnshire, 1919-1920, and 1928-1937; died 1941.
Publications: The Longer Commentary of R. David Kimhi on the First Book of Psalms, I-X, XV-XVII, XIX, XXII, XXIV (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London; Macmillan Co, New York, 1919); The Synagogue Lectionary and the New Testament. A study of the three-year cycle of readings from the Law and the Prophets, as a contribution to New Testament chronology (S.P.C.K., London, 1939).
Jewish services in Finchley began in 1930 at a private house in Crescent Road. A synagogue was opened in Kinloss Gardens in 1935, and was admitted as a District member of the United Synagogue at the same date. It became a Constituent Synagogue in 1950. The Synagogue was rebuilt in 1967.
For details of G W M Findlay's life and career, see Who Was Who 1951-1960, Munk's Roll Vol V and obituaries in The Times, British Medical Journal and Lancet.
The Fine Art and General Insurance Company Limited was established at 28 Cornhill in 1890 as the Fine Art Insurance Company specifically to handle fire insurance for fine arts, but it expanded into non-life insurance and, in January 1894, changed its name to Fine Art and General Insurance Company. In 1895 it moved to 90 Cannon Street, in 1905 to 89-90 Cheapside, and in 1924 to 64 Cornhill. It became a subsidiary of North British and Mercantile Insurance in 1917 and merged with Commercial Union Assurance in 1959.
Fine Chemicals of Canada Limited was registered in 1939 as a manufacturer of bulk pharmaceuticals, fertilizers etc. In 1951 Dillons Chemical Company Limited (CLC/B/112-043) invested $100,000 in Fine Chemicals of Canada Limited and became the sole agents of the Company. Fisons Limited took a joint interest with Dillons Chemical Company Limited in 54.9% of the issued capital. In 1960 Dillons Chemical Company Limited sold their shareholding.
Alice Fink (née Redlich), was born in Berlin in 1920. She came to England in November 1938 where she did her nurse's training at a hospital in Greenwich. She joined the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and went to Bergen Belsen with the Jewish Relief Unit in September 1946. She married Hans Finke in June 1948 and moved to Chicago in 1949.
Her family, with whom she communicated via the Red Cross, remained in Berlin until they were deported and ultimately perished in the Holocaust. They were transported at different times. The only reference to the deportations in the correspondence is a Red Cross Telegram reply dated 9 December 1942, signed by her mother and Heinz (brother?), in which they ask Alice whether she informed 'Tante Hedwig' [herself already deported by this time] that her father had gone to Adi's. He had in fact already been deported to the East by this time.
The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.
Before the Russian Revolution of 1917 the Anglican chaplain at St Petersburg made occasional visits to Helsinki to minister to the English residents there. After the revolution, the chaplain at Moscow moved to Helsinki, where he was appointed to serve the British Legation. In 1921 the Legation ceased to employ the chaplain, and he was subsequently supported by voluntary contributions from the English residents. At various times the chaplain at Helsinki has assumed additional responsibility for Anglicans in Russia, Estonia, Mongolia and China.