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The British Postgraduate Medical Federation (BPMF) was established by the Senate of the University of London in April 1945, was granted incorporation by Royal Charter in March 1947 and was admitted as a school of the University in December 1947. The Royal Charter stated that the BPMF would "provide opportunity for the advancement in general medicine or in any of the special branches thereof and by arranging lectures and demonstrations or otherwise promote the investigation of disease".
The BPMF was established as a result of the Goodenough report (1944), which recommended the reorganisation of the British Postgraduate Medical School at Hammersmith and its reconstitution as a federal organisation. The first Director of the Federation, Sir Francis Fraser, was instrumental in taking forward the Goodenough report's recommendation that the federation should constitute a series of institutes in each of the principal special subjects of medicine, based on a leading teaching hospital. The Federation included medical research institutes such as the Institute of Cancer Research, Institute of Child Health, Institute of Dental Surgery, National Heart and Lung Institute, Institute of Neurology, Institute of Ophthalmology and Institute of Psychiatry.
The Tomlinson report (1992) recommended that the institutes supervised by the BPMF should instead be attached to the multi-faculty Colleges within the University of London. As a result, the BPMF ceased operations on 31st July 1996.