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Henry Vandyke Carter was born in 1831. He studied medicine at St George's Hospital, and became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1853. He was a Student of Human and Comparative Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons, working with Richard Owen and John Thomas Queckett, from 1853-1855. He was a Demonstrater in Anatomy at St George's Hospital until 1857. He worked for Henry Gray on the illustrations of Gray's Anatomy (London, 1858). Carter joined the Bombay Medical Service in 1858, where he served as Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at Grant Medical College, and Assistant-Surgeon in the Jamsetjee Jheejeebhoy Hospital. He was Civil Surgeon at Satara from 1863-1872. He was sent to Kathiawar in 1875, to research leprosy. He was appointed in charge of the Goculdas Tejpal Hospital in Bombay in 1876. He was appointed acting principal of Grant Medical College, and Physician of the Jamsetjee Jheejeebhoy Hospital in 1877. During his time in India, Carter made a number of contributions to tropical pathology including studies in leprosy, mycetoma and relapsing fever. Carter retired in 1888, and was appointed Honorary Deputy Surgeon-General and Honorary Surgeon to the Queen. He died in 1897.