CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA, AUSTRALIA AND CHINA: OPERATIONS - AIM25

Identificatie

referentie code

GB 0074 CLC/B/207/CH05

Titel

CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA, AUSTRALIA AND CHINA: OPERATIONS

Datum(s)

1859-1971 (Vervaardig)

Beschrijvingsniveau

Omvang en medium

1.59 linear metres

Context

Naam van de archiefvormer

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China , Chartered Bank

Biografie

The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, known from 1956 as The Chartered Bank, was established by Royal Charter in 1853. It was an overseas exchange bank, based in and controlled from the City of London. It was established to take advantage of the end of the East India Company's monopoly in 1853.

The bank operated in India and throughout the Far East - in China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia, Siam [Thailand], Burma [Myanmar], Singapore, Malacca, Penang and the Malay States, the Philippines, Japan, Java, Sumatra, Ceylon [Sri Lanka], North Borneo, Brunei, Sarawak, Pakistan and East Pakistan. There were also branches in New York [United States of America] and Hamburg [Germany]. Despite its name, the bank never operated in Australia.

Further UK branches opened in Manchester (1937) and Liverpool (1948). The bank gained a second London office and additional branches in India, Pakistan, China and Ceylon with the takeover in 1938 of the P and O Banking Corporation.

The bank's activities in the Far East were severely disrupted by World War Two and nationalist post-war governments in the region. The takeover in 1957 of rival Eastern Bank presented new opportunities. Eastern Bank was active in Chartered Bank's traditional areas of operation, but also had branches in the Middle East - in Iraq, Bahrain, Yemen, Lebanon, Qatar, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Oman. In the same year, Chartered Bank purchased the Ionian Bank's interests in Cyprus.

The bank operated from various City of London addresses: 1852 first two meetings of directors at 8 Austin Friars; November 1852 offices acquired at 21 Moorgate. December 1853-1855 rented offices at South Sea House, Threadneedle Street. 1855 rented offices at 34 Gresham House, Old Broad Street. June 1857-1866 rented offices in the City Bank building at Threadneedle Street. 1867 Former Hatton Court building on Threadneedle Street. In 1909 they moved into newly built premises on the former site of Crosby Hall where they were still at the time of the merger with Chartered Bank in 1969.

For further information on the history of the bank see Sir Compton Mackenzie, Realms of silver: one hundred years of banking in the East (London, 1954) and Geoffrey Jones, British multinational banking 1830-1990 (Oxford, 1993).

The Chartered Bank was not based around a branch-banking model, instead having a smaller number of branches in the main ports in the east to provide capital and services, usually via a network of local middle-men, to mercantile customers. Until 1909 the Chartered Bank was not authorised to act as a general banking business in London, therefore cash for Head Office customer accounts had to be obtained from the City Bank and any monies had to be paid in there also. The branches abroad generally offered advances and insurance on cargo and discounting and exchanging bills in sterling and local currency. They were involved with both the opium and cotton markets initially, later providing financial services to merchants trading in tea, coffee, sugar, hemp, silk, rubber, tin, jute tobacco, rice. Initially in India and China expanding from there into Hong Kong, Singapore, Pakistan, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Japan as the middle East including Yemen, Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar, UAE. At various times offices were also run in New York, Hamburg and Cyprus.

archiefbewaarplaats

The London Archives

Geschiedenis van het archief

GB 0074 CLC/B/207/CH05 1859-1971 sub fonds 1.59 linear metres Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China , Chartered Bank

The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, known from 1956 as The Chartered Bank, was established by Royal Charter in 1853. It was an overseas exchange bank, based in and controlled from the City of London. It was established to take advantage of the end of the East India Company's monopoly in 1853.

The bank operated in India and throughout the Far East - in China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia, Siam [Thailand], Burma [Myanmar], Singapore, Malacca, Penang and the Malay States, the Philippines, Japan, Java, Sumatra, Ceylon [Sri Lanka], North Borneo, Brunei, Sarawak, Pakistan and East Pakistan. There were also branches in New York [United States of America] and Hamburg [Germany]. Despite its name, the bank never operated in Australia.

Further UK branches opened in Manchester (1937) and Liverpool (1948). The bank gained a second London office and additional branches in India, Pakistan, China and Ceylon with the takeover in 1938 of the P and O Banking Corporation.

The bank's activities in the Far East were severely disrupted by World War Two and nationalist post-war governments in the region. The takeover in 1957 of rival Eastern Bank presented new opportunities. Eastern Bank was active in Chartered Bank's traditional areas of operation, but also had branches in the Middle East - in Iraq, Bahrain, Yemen, Lebanon, Qatar, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Oman. In the same year, Chartered Bank purchased the Ionian Bank's interests in Cyprus.

The bank operated from various City of London addresses: 1852 first two meetings of directors at 8 Austin Friars; November 1852 offices acquired at 21 Moorgate. December 1853-1855 rented offices at South Sea House, Threadneedle Street. 1855 rented offices at 34 Gresham House, Old Broad Street. June 1857-1866 rented offices in the City Bank building at Threadneedle Street. 1867 Former Hatton Court building on Threadneedle Street. In 1909 they moved into newly built premises on the former site of Crosby Hall where they were still at the time of the merger with Chartered Bank in 1969.

For further information on the history of the bank see Sir Compton Mackenzie, Realms of silver: one hundred years of banking in the East (London, 1954) and Geoffrey Jones, British multinational banking 1830-1990 (Oxford, 1993).

The Chartered Bank was not based around a branch-banking model, instead having a smaller number of branches in the main ports in the east to provide capital and services, usually via a network of local middle-men, to mercantile customers. Until 1909 the Chartered Bank was not authorised to act as a general banking business in London, therefore cash for Head Office customer accounts had to be obtained from the City Bank and any monies had to be paid in there also. The branches abroad generally offered advances and insurance on cargo and discounting and exchanging bills in sterling and local currency. They were involved with both the opium and cotton markets initially, later providing financial services to merchants trading in tea, coffee, sugar, hemp, silk, rubber, tin, jute tobacco, rice. Initially in India and China expanding from there into Hong Kong, Singapore, Pakistan, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Japan as the middle East including Yemen, Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar, UAE. At various times offices were also run in New York, Hamburg and Cyprus.

The bank's archives were deposited in the Manuscripts Section of Guildhall Library in 1989 and after. The Guildhall Library Manuscripts Section merged with the London Metropolitan Archives in 2009.

Records of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, later known as the Chartered Bank. Records date from 1851, just prior to the foundation of the bank in 1853 and include reference to the operation and management of the business covering both branches, agencies and head office. There is information relating to premises and staff, inspection of branches and customer accounts, some records of legal actions as well as general administrative records created and maintained by the secretaries and general managers.

Highlights include records relating to the bank during times of War, from accounts of local rebellions and riots through to the Second World War which saw two thirds of the banks' branches occupied by the Japanese and over 100 of the banks' European officers interned. There is a series of letters within the records of the Secretary and a number of personal reminiscences recounting the courageous actions of trustworthy staff members trying to salvage bank records from being seized by the Japanese, from those in internment camps and accounts of conditions in occupied countries (CLC/B/207/CH03/01/07) and a register of employees interned in prisoner of war camps or killed during enemy action (CLC/B/207/CH08/01/004).

There is a series of posterity files (CLC/B/207/CH03/01/09-13) consisting of over 1,300 documents which were retained by the Secretary as a research resource and for historical interest covering a remarkable range of subjects such as legal wrangles and reports on trading conditions in particular countries reflecting how the bank was responsive to early economic development and new trade when seeking to expand its network of branches.

The 'Realms of Silver' centenary publication research files are a valuable source on the history of the bank (CLC/B/207/CH03/01/14-17) covering a range of topics such as key commodities in particular areas, they show staff enduring disease, plague, famine and drought, rebellion and revolution, earthquakes, floods and fire and highlight how the activities of the Bank have touched upon events of world history as well as of local development, often reflecting creative solutions that the bank employed to overcome such problems and tribulations.

There is an extensive collection of premises records (CLC/B/207/CH09) including plans of the branches and often subsequent upgrades and developments of branches and agencies in response to growing business needs. There are also photographs which show not only bank premises but also create a pictorial history reflecting the international operations of the Chartered Bank as well as showing local flora, fauna and methods of trade, for example, in Cebu the use of Buffalo to move Hemp and in Burma the use of Elephants in the emerging logging trade. They also reflect local tragedies such as the effects of the Yokohama Earthquake in Japan in 1923 (CLC/B/207/CH09/08; CLC/B/207/CH08/04; CLC/B/207/CH03/01/16)

There is an extensive series of records relating to accounts and financial matters (CLC/B/207/CH04), including general ledgers; a comprehensive series of half yearly balance sheets from branches and records of the Taxation and Statistics Department (which appears to have fallen under the auspices of the Chief Accountant.

There are also records relating to staff (CLC/B/207/CH08), which give details on the bank's application and registration process, and progress and activities of named staff when they took up their posts. These records include registers of staff (1874 - 1920), some staff applications and employment agreements (1900 - 1930) and an extensive series of half-yearly schedules of staff in overseas branches (1863 - 1960).

This sub-fonds contains material related specifically to customer transactions, customer relations and services. Transactional documents appear to have been retained by the Bank for historical interest when no longer in current use rather than as active series. In most cases the creating department of these records is unknown, however the sub-fonds also contains a small amount of material from the 'organisation and methods' department which was in existence in the 1960s and which appears to have overseen changes to systems and processes within the Bank.

Includes: customer transactions, past due bills, customer securities and loans, customer liquidation cases, issue of notes, legal agreements and court cases, notes on clients and procedures, authorised personnel, correspondent banks, 'Organisation and Methods department', proforma and printed information.

Arranged as follows:
CLC/B/207/CH05/01: Customer transactions
CLC/B/207/CH05/02: Past due bills
CLC/B/207/CH05/03: Customer securities and loans
CLC/B/207/CH05/04: Customer liquidation cases
CLC/B/207/CH05/05: Issue of notes
CLC/B/207/CH05/06: Legal agreements and court cases
CLC/B/207/CH05/07: Notes on clients and procudures
CLC/B/207/CH05/08: Authorised personnel
CLC/B/207/CH05/09: Correspondent banks
CLC/B/207/CH05/10: Organisation and Methods Department
CLC/B/207/CH05/11: Proforma and Printed Information

These records are available for public inspection, although records containing personal information are subject to access restrictions under the UK Data Protection Act, 1998.

48 hours notice required for access.

PLEASE NOTE: Permission to access records less than 45 years old should be sought from the depositor.

Copyright is held by the depositor.

English

Please see online catalogues at: http://search.lma.gov.uk/opac_lma/index.htm

Compiled in compliance with General International Standard Archival Description, ISAD(G), second edition, 2000; National Council on Archives Rules for the Construction of Personal, Place and Corporate Names, 1997.
Added January 2014 Lancashire Liverpool Japan North America USA New York Europe Western Europe UK England London City of London Myanmar Viet Nam China Thailand Penang Sri Lanka East Asia Hong Kong South Asia Pakistan Borneo Malaysia West Malaysia Melaka South East Asia Philippines Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China Finance Financial institutions Banks Overseas banks Java Indonesia Brunei Singapore Sumatra Cambodia Sarawak India Hamburg Germany Manchester

Directe bron van verwerving of overbrenging

The bank's archives were deposited in the Manuscripts Section of Guildhall Library in 1989 and after. The Guildhall Library Manuscripts Section merged with the London Metropolitan Archives in 2009.

Inhoud en structuur

Bereik en inhoud