Records of the parish of Saint John the Evangelist, Hammersmith, including registers of baptisms, marriages, banns of marriages and confirmations; registers of church services; correspondence and papers relating to the church building and the organ; Charity Commission schemes and papers relating to the parish school and Parochial Church Council minutes.

Records of the parish of Saint Mary, Stamford Brook, comprising registers of baptisms, marriages, confirmations and banns of marriage.

Records of the parish of Saint Cuthbert, Hampstead, comprising registers of baptisms; registers of marriages; preachers' books; Annual Vestry meeting minutes and Parochial Church Council minutes.

Records of the parish of Saint Mary the Virgin, Primrose Hill, including registers of baptisms; register of banns of marriages; registers of church services; parish notices; papers relating to parish boundaries; legal documents relating to land owned by the parish; papers regarding maintenance and construction works at the church; Vestry minutes; Parochial Church Council minutes; and photographs of the church interior. Also a series of records relating to the litigation between the Church of St Mary the Virgin and the London and North Western Railway Company.

Records of the parish of Saint Mary, Kilburn, including registers of baptisms, marriages and banns of marriage; preachers' books; church services registers; Parochial Church Council minute books; lists of church staff; financial records; faculties relating to fittings inside the church; plans of the church; and legal documents relating to premises owned by the church.

Records of the parish of Saint Stephen the Martyr, including registers of baptisms, marriages, banns of marriage and church services; preachers' books; financial accounts; papers relating to church properties; faculties for the maintenance of church fittings; plan of church; National Schools Committee minute books; correspondence; Sunday School exercise books and church magazines. Also church service registers for Saint Andrew's Mission Church.

Records of the parish of Saint Peter, Saffron Hill, including registers of baptisms; registers of marriages; registers of burials; registers of church services; banns book; pew rent books; Parochial Church Council minutes and financial accounts; tithe collectors book; and Churchwardens' Charity account books.

Records of the parish of Holy Trinity, Grays Inn Road, Holborn, including registers of baptisms; registers of marriages; registers of burials; register of confirmations; and newspaper cuttings.

Records of the parish of Saint Clement, Barnsbury, Islington, including baptism registers (1857-1976); marriage registers (1865-1976), banns of marriage registers (1910-1977), confirmation registers (1931-1970), service registers (1865-1977); correspondence related to church personnel; papers relating to church buildings, the Cloudesley Charity, the Saint Clement Primary School, the Women's Fellowship, the Scouts and the Church Lads Brigade; annual accounts and balance sheets; deeds; Parochial Church Council Minutes; and Standing Committee Minutes.

Records of the parish of Christ Church, Highbury Grove, Islington, including registers of baptisms and marriages; preachers' books; maps of parish boundaries; papers relating to church buildings including the church, mission hall and vicarage; financial records; and history of the Highbury Vale Schools.

Records of the parish of Saint John, Highbury Park, Islington, including registers of baptisms, marriages and confirmations; Church services register; minutes of Committee for Building a Permanent Church and other papers relating to the maintenance of the church buildings; Vestry and Parochial Church Council minutes; parish magazines and newsletters; orders of service; curates' licences; correspondence; financial accounts; papers relating to the mission hall on Blackstock Road and the school room in Park Place.

Records of the parish of St James, Holloway, Islington, including registers of baptisms, marriages and banns; preacher's book; Parochial Church Council minute books; and papers relating to church societies.

Records of the parish of Saint Mary Magdalene, Holloway Road, Islington, including registers of baptisms, marriages, burials and banns; church service registers; Vestry and Parochial Church Council minutes; financial records; histories of the parish; and statistics.

Records of the parish of Saint Mary, Upper Street, Islington, including registers of baptisms, marriages, burials and banns; registers of preachers and church services; minutes of Vestry and Parochial Church Council minutes; Churchwardens' financial accounts and correspondence; statistics; papers relating to the construction and maintenance of the church buildings including plans and elevations, faculties and correspondence; legal documents relating to church property, such as deeds; parish magazines; papers relating to parochial charities and schools; and records of the Mutual Assurance Society and other parish societies.

Church rate books and papers relating to the collection of rates; minutes of various committees including the Trustees of the Parish and committees relating to highways and the workhouse; papers relating to civil functions of the parish, including the appointment of watchmen and constables, regulation of weights and measures, surveyor's papers, sanitation and medical care, workhouse and poor relief, apprentices, settlement examinations and removal orders.

Records of the parish of Saint Mary, Hornsey Rise, Islington, including registers of baptisms, marriages and banns; preacher's books; registers of church services; papers relating to church personnel; papers relating to the benefice and financial matters; Churchwardens' financial accounts; papers relating to the construction and maintenance of church buildings; and papers relating to parochial charities.

Records of the parish of Saint Paul, Upper Holloway, Islington, including registers of baptisms, marriages, banns, and confirmations; registers of church services; minutes of the Church Building Committee; financial accounts; minutes of the Vestry and Parochial Church Council; papers relating to the parish school; and parish magazines.

Records of the parish of Saint Peter, Devonia Road, Islington, including registers of baptisms. marriages and banns; church services registers; orders of service; Vestry and Parochial Church Council minutes; general correspondence; papers relating to parish boundaries; records relating to the constructions and maintenance of church buildings including faculties; papers relating to the mission hall; financial accounts; papers relating to parish societies; legal papers relating to parish properties, such as deeds; parish magazines; photographs and newspaper cuttings.

Records of the parish of Saint Philip the Evangelist, Arlington Square, Islington, including registers of baptisms, marriages and banns; registers of church services; Vestry and Parochial Church Council minutes; and parish magazines.

Records of the parish of Saint Stephen, Canonbury Road, Islington, including registers of baptisms, and marriages; registers of church services; Vestry and Parochial Church Council minute books; papers relating to church finances; and papers relating to parish schools.

Records of the parish of Saint Francis of Assisi, Kensington, including baptism registers, marriage registers, banns registers and church services registers.

Records of the parish of St John the Evangelist, Ladbroke Grove, including registers of baptisms, banns and marriages; registers of church services; records relating to the church fabric including faculties; papers relating to parish boundaries; administrative and financial records; plans and photographs; and log books of parish schools.

Records of the parish of Saint Michael and All Angels, Ladbroke Grove, including baptism, marriage, banns and confirmation registers; church services registers; Vestry and Parochial Church Council minutes; correspondence; electoral rolls; financial records and accounts; and parish magazines.

Records of the parish of Holy Trinity, Bethnal Green, including register of marriages, register of baptisms, and minutes of the Committee for the Holy Trinity Hostel for Austrian Refugees.

Records of the parish of Saint Barnabas, Dulwich. There are substantial records which illustrate the basic activities of church life: financial records, records relating to the church fabric, parish magazines, and so on. But there are also records, such as those relating to the Infants' School, the Saint Barnabas Institute (a social club), the chaplaincy of Dulwich Hospital, the Christian Stewardship Campaigns, and the Mothers' Union, which show the additional commitment by the vicars and parishioners to community life and the established Christian Church.

The records include: registers of marriages and baptisms; registers of banns of marriage; marriage licences; registers of church services; papers of the Incumbent; papers relating to staff; papers regarding parish boundaries; papers relating to the benefice; papers relating to the Church fabric and the Church hall; financial records; papers of the Vestry and the Parochial Church Council; parochial charity records; and parish magazines.

Records of the parish of Saint John the Evangelist, East Dulwich, including registers of baptisms and marriages; and registers of church services.

Records of the parish of Saint Paul, Herne Hill, including registers of baptisms and marriages; Parochial Church Council minutes; financial records; registers of church services; administrative files; printed material and records relating to the church buildings and fabric. Also records of the Mission Church of Saint John, Lowden Road and the parish hall of Saint Faith, Sunray Avenue.

Records of the parish of Saint Saviour, Chelsea, including registers of baptisms, marriages, banns of marriage, sermons, preachers and church services; papers regarding church finances including accounts; papers regarding the construction and maintenance of church buildings; Vestry and Parochial Church Council minutes; annual pastoral letters and reports; and parish magazines.

Records of the parish of Saint Andrew, Bethnal Green, including registers of baptisms, marriages, banns and preachers; Churchwardens' accounts; papers relating to property; and curates' licence.

Records of the parish of Saint Bartholomew, Bethnal Green, including registers of baptisms, marriages and burials; church services registers; issues of the London Gazette containing orders in council relating to parish boundaries and endowments; records relating to the benefice; faculties and plans of the church; papers relating to mission halls and church halls; financial records; Vestry and Parochial Church Council minutes; papers relating to the parish school; and parish magazines.

Records of the parish of Saint John, Bethnal Green, including registers of baptisms, marriages, banns and burials; registers of church services; Churchwardens' financial accounts; Vestry and Parochial Church Council minutes; administrative files including general correspondence, reports and circulars; financial records; papers relating to Saint John's Schools; photographs of the church, church personnel, and church activities; papers relating to parish boundaries; and reports regarding the church building.

Records of the parish of Saint Jude, Bethnal Green, including registers of baptisms and marriages; a Vestry minute book and parish magazines.

Records of the parish of St Peter, Cranley Gardens, including registers of baptisms, marriages, confirmations and burial services; records relating to staff; papers regarding the benefice; Churchwardens' records; papers relating to the church fabric including faculties; financial records; papers of the Parochial Church Council; papers relating to parish charities and societies; parish magazines; and papers regarding parish boundaries.

Records of the headquarters of the Mothers' Union, Mary Sumner House, Westminster. The majority of the archive dates from when the Mothers' Union established a centralised structure in the 1890s, and contains a small number of papers from members who, although not always based at Mary Sumner House, played important roles within the MU (see MU/MSS/2). Although some files run into the 1990s, many of the series stop in the early 1980s, which coincides with a survey undertaken of the archive in Mary Sumner House (see MU/CO/1/127).

The foundation of the Mothers' Union is dated to the publication of the first membership card in 1876. The society was established by Mary Sumner, wife of the Rector of Old Alresford in the Diocese of Winchester, to defend the institution of marriage and promote Christian family life. This concern broadened over time to consider all factors affecting the morality of society, within the home and without.

Initially a network of meetings in parishes in the Diocese of Winchester, by the mid 1890s, the MU had established a centralised governing body in London, and had a number of branches overseas; from the early twentieth century, departments were established to deal with specialised tasks in the society's work. Although the society was primarily concerned with the role of the mother and the upbringing of children, married women without children and unmarried women were allowed to join as Associate Members from the outset. Throughout the twentieth century the MU addressed a variety of contemporary social issues (such as runaway children, drug dependence, venereal disease, housing conditions and birth control), but reserved particular efforts for campaigning against divorce and marriage breakdown.

Faced with a need to address a liberalisation in both society and the Church in the decades following the Second World War, the Mothers' Union revised its constitution in 1974 giving greater autonomy to the MU overseas and no longer excluding divorcées. Further reassessment took place in the early 1990s when the need to comply with charity regulations prompted a restructuring of the organisation.

Papers relating to the development of CCADD, 1958-1964; minutes of meetings including executive committee meetings, executive sub-committee meetings, annual general meetings, management committee meetings, research group meetings, publications group meetings and regional group meetings, 1965-1994; correspondence and enquiries, 1963-2000; general administrative, membership and financial files, 1964-2003; papers relating to conferences and seminars, 1963-2003, including audio recordings for 1964 and 1967; research, correspondence, drafts and publicity for publications including The Ethics of Nuclear Deterrence (1982), The Strategic Defence Initiative: New Hope or New Peril (1985-1986), Retaliation - a political and strategic option under moral and religious scrutiny (1989-1990), Some Corner of a Foreign Field: Intervention and World Order (1997), The Crescent and the Cross: Muslim and Christian Approaches to War and Peace (1990-1998), Demanding Peace: Christian Responses to War and Violence (1999), Witnesses to Faith?: The Concept of Martyrdom in Christianity and Islam (2005); papers in connection with the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, 1976-1998; papers of Sydney Bailey, CCADD founding member, 1964-1998, including "Memorandum and Articles of Association of The Conference on Christian Approaches to Defence and Disarmament Limited", 1965; papers relating to the Sydney Bailey Memorial Lecture and Thanksgiving Book Fund, 1997-2000; papers of the Working Group on Chemical and Biological Weapons Issues, 1995-1996; teaching materials for Peace Studies courses held at Fircroft College of Adult Education, Birmingham, 1990, and Bradford University, 1994; research into responses to the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, 1995, the arms trade, 1998, and to NATO enlargement, 1996-1998. Also papers and bulletins for related bodies, including: the Verification Technology Information Centre (VERTIC), 1994-1995; the Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation, 1994-1998; the Council for Arms Control, 1983-1998; the Churches Peace Forum 1993-1995; Pax Christi International, 1989; and the British-American Security Information Council (BASIC), 1992.

Papers of Vital Chaussegros on magic and occultism, 1814-[1845].

The archive spans Browne's career from school onwards, but the core series of records focus on his work as a medical missionary at the BMS hospital in Yakusu, Belgian Congo (now the Democratic Republic of Congo). Section B comprises records for the period 1938-1958, including registers of leprosy sufferers, case records and photograph albums documenting various symptoms. Section K contains further photographs (mainly clinical) for the period 1938-1977, the most important series of which dates from Browne's time at the Baptist Mission Hospital and comprises over 900 negatives and prints together with supporting documentation, 1954-1958.

Section C contains a small number of files compiled by Browne during his research into leprosy, yaws, onchocerciasis and ainhum, 1946-1983. Particularly notable are the files on the anti-leprosy drug B663 (now known as clofazimine), into the use of which Browne conducted pioneering studies whilst director of the Leprosy Research Unit, Uzuakoli, Eastern Nigeria, 1959-1966.The remaining records comprise personal and biographical material, 1923-1985 (section A); general subject files containing correspondence, reprints etc. on a wide variety of topics, 1948-1986 (section D); writings by Browne, 1935-1985 (section E); records of Browne's involvement with the International Leprosy Association, 1909-1985 (section F) and various other organisations, 1959-1986 (section G); records on foreign visits, 1965-1985 (section H); and a few files on religious matters, 1959-1984 (section J).

Papers of the Westminster chapter of the Catholic Evidence Guild, 1918-2007, including minutes of the Inter Guild Conferences, 1928-1986; minutes of the Westminster Catholic Evidence Guild, Oct 1920-Sep 1986; minutes of the practical training committee, 24 May 1929-Jun 1939 and 19 Jul 1941; library records, May 1964-1981; photograph albums and loose photographs; press cuttings, 1925-1926; book: The Catholic Evidence Movement, by Henry Browne, (London, 1921); report of the Westminster meeting, 1918; Birmingham Guild handbook, 1921; Inter Guild conference handbooks, 1924-1972; 'The Guildsman' and 'Guild Newsletter', Jun 1972-2007.

Papers of Cardinal Vaughan, 1851-1910, including correspondence on topics including the visitation of parochial churches of Regulars (Benedictines and Jesuits), 1875-1885; the Donelan case (Cambridge University hostel), 1894-1901 and Anglican Orders, 1894-1901. Correspondents include, among others, Cardinal James Gibbons, Baltimore; John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute; Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk; George Forrest Browne, Anglican Bishop of Stepney; Bishop William Clifford; Bishop William Ullathorne; the Earl of Halifax; Bishop Robert Brindle; Lord Acton and Rafael Merry del Val. Also, notes on the foundation of St Joseph's, Mill Hill, 1851-1866; press cuttings; Vaughan's diaries, 1853-1881, covering visits to Rome, American tours and early Salford days; ordo recitandi and directories, 1873-1880 and 1882-1902.

The archive consists of a certificate of appointment as Deaconess in the Parishes of Mere with West Knoyle in the County of Wiltshire and Diocese of Salisbury, 30 Jan 1933; correspondence with the Diocesan Registry, Salisbury to Deaconess Belfield; copy of her Assent to the 39 Articles, Jan 1937; press cutting relating to Dorothea Belfield's status and office and to the debate bout the status, role and office of deaconess, as opposed to deacon, within the Church.

The archive consists of minutes of annual meetings (1933-1969) and of Executive Committee Meetings (1954-1975), press cuttings (1928-1978), papers and memoranda (1932-1933).

The archive consists of correspondence files of Maude Royden (1936-56), papers and correspondence of Hudson Shaw (1883-1944), general correspondence (1900s-1950s), papers related to the death and memory of Royden (1956-61), materials for biographies of Chiang Kai-Shek and Ralph Rooper (c.1944), sermon diaries including press cuttings (1917-1920), engagement diaries (1948, 1952-55), family photographs, papers related to preaching at Guildhouse (1920s-1940s), draft of autobiography, notebooks and papers (1920s-1930s), scrapbooks (1915-1931), copies of articles, press cuttings (1911-13), pamphlets and publications.

Please note: when transferring the catalogue to the database in 2006, undated items were given the circa date of 1930.

Copies of Nazi propaganda leaflets including a leaflet announcing a solidarity meeting to be held in Trier, 1 July 1934; appeal to Roman Catholic boys and girls to join the Hitler Youth, refuting the accusation that the Hitler Youth movement is a heathen organisation that seeks the extirpation of religion.

Papers of Robert Eisler, c 1902-1949, including working papers and correspondence. Topics covered include: 'Das Rätsel des Johannesevangeliums'; The Fourth Gospel; Money; Jesous Basileus ou Basileusas; Slavonic Joseph Manuscript; The Alphabet; Dürer; Conventional Titles and True Meaning; Inscriptions; Zeus Olympios; Orpheus; Moses; Christ Vision; Aesthetics; Mythology; Magic and Science; Vanity of Vanities; Palaeoethnography; Greek Civilization and 'Die Landschaftsmalerei in der antiken Kunst'.

Papers of Cornelius Humphreys, comprising: manuscript notebook containing sermons, 25 Dec 1769-, prayers, copy of letter from Dr Tillotson, (undated); manuscript extract of letter from the Rev C Humphreys to M Forrest (his niece) 13 Apr 1756; Humphreys' copy of Book of Common Prayer, 1714, gift of his wife Agnes, 1760; and transcript of burial monument of Humphreys' and his wife Agnes.

Pamphlets, government documents, reports, programs, manifestos, newspaper cuttings, newsletters and conference proceedings issued by AMNLAE, Asociación de Mujeres ante la Problemática Nacional (AMPRONAC), Central de Trabajadores de Nicaragua (CTN), Centro de Estudios y Publicaciones, Centro Internacional de Información Latinoamericana, Centro Victor Sanabria, Comisión Evangélica Latinoamericana de Educación Cristiana (CELADEC), Comisión Nacional de Autonomia de la Costa Atlántica (Nicaragua), Comisión Nacional de Promoción y Protección de los Derechos Humanos (Nicaragua), Comisión para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos en Nicaragua, Comisión Permanente de Derechos Humanos de Nicaragua, Comité Costarricense de Solidaridad con el Pueblo de Nicaragua, Comité Nicaragüense de Solidaridad con los Pueblos, Comité Pro Justicia y Paz de Guatemala, Comunidades Cristianas de Nicaragua, Comunidades Cristianas por la Paz, Conferencia Episcopal de Nicaragua (1977 : Managua), Conferencia Permanente de Partidos Políticos de América Latina, Coordinadora de Solidaridad con el Pueblo de Nicaragua (Mexico), Equipo de Escuelas Radiofónicas de Nicaragua, Fondo Internacional para la Reconstrucción de Nicaragua, Frente Amplio Opositor, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, Institute of Current World Affairs, Instituto de Promoción Humana, Instituto Histórico Centroamericano, International Commission of Jurists, International University Exchange Fund, Leicester City Council, Libertad, Movimiento Estudiantil Revolucionario de Secundaria, Movimiento Pueblo Unido, Narciso, National Conference in Solidarity with the people of Nicaragua (1st : 1980 : London), National Emergency Committee of Nicaragua, Nicaragua Embajada (Gran Bretaña), Nicaragua Gobierno de Reconstrucción Nacional, Nicaragua Solidaritätskomitee, Nicaragua Solidarity Campaign, Nicaraguan Student Association in the United States of America, Resistencia Nicaragüense, Unidad Nicaragüense Opositora, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua.

Studies, pamphlets, reports, factbooks, manifestos, platforms, proposals and other miscellaneous materials from 1966, issued by ALOP, Centro de Capacitación Campesina (Costa Rica), Centro de Capacitación para el Desarrollo, Centro Nacional de Acción Pastoral (Costa Rica), Centro Victor Sanabria, Encuentro Nacional de Pescadores Artesanales, Equipo Pastoral Puntarenas, Institute for the Comparative Study of Political Systems (U.S), Partido Democrático del Pueblo, Presidential Commision on the University for Peace, Programa Centroamericano de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales, Soberanía.

Papers of Gen Sir Richard McCreery, 1928-1960; including notes relating to Staff College, 1928-1929; edition of The Cologne Post and Wiesbaden Times, 3 Nov 1929, relating to the final evacuation of British Forces from the Rhine; map of Aisne battlefield, 1914; notes relating to 12 Royal Lancers training exercises, chiefly on Salisbury Plain, 1937-1938; detailed narrative of 2 Armoured Brigade operations, France, May-Jun 1940, with brief diary of events, and official photograph with original caption, 'A conference at HQ during operations on the Somme Front'; map for 5 Corps training exercise, Salisbury Plain, Dec 1940; official correspondence as Commander, 8 Armoured Div, Home Forces, Dec 1940-Oct 1941, discussing topics including unit inspections, accommodation, recruitment and appointments; report on 'The supply of mobile forces by air', c 1942, regarding supply in the Western Desert; letter from Maj Gen Gerald Templer, Cdr 56 Div, Italy, 18 Mar 1944, commenting on recent operations; messages to all ranks as Commander, 8 Army, Italy, 12 October 1944-26 April 1945; pamphlet, Royal Canadian Armoured Corps, 1945, relating to the development of the Corps, 1940-1945; notes on the Tunisian campaign and notebook containing brief notes on operations in Italy and Austria, 1944-1946, possibly compiled retrospectively as lecture notes; detailed itinerary for British Troops in Austria battlefield tour of Italy, 5-11 May 1946; letter from V Adm Louis Mountbatten, South East Asia Command HQ, 8 Aug 1946, asking for any available polo ponies to be sold to the Malta Polo Club; booklet sent as Christmas card, 1946, with illustrations of Russian Army personnel; publications British Army of the Rhine battlefield tour: first day. 8 Corps operations east of Caen, 18-21 July 1944 (Operation GOODWOOD) (BAOR, Jun 1947) and British Army of the Rhine battlefield tour: fourth day. 43 (W) Division assault crossing of the River Seine, 25-28 August 1944 (BAOR, Jun 1947); brief notes relating to British Army of the Rhine organisation and administration, [1947]; letter from Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury, 16 Dec 1947, relating a recent conversation with Emmanuel Shinwell, Minister of Defence, concerning the role of Christian teaching in Army education, particularly with regard to National Servicemen in Germany; routine official correspondence as Colonel Commandant, Royal Armoured Corps, 1947-1957; memorandum from FM Sir Bernard Law Montgomery as Chief of Imperial General Staff, 29 May 1948, relating to deployment of tanks by Royal Armoured Corps; notes on 'The Reserve Army, 1946-1949', by Brooke Claxton, Minister of National Defence, 1949; letter from Lynch Maydon, the Conservative MP for Wells, 7 Nov 1956, responding to the latter's criticism of the invasion of the Suez Canal Zone; correspondence, May-June 1957, relating to proposed mergers of army regiments; papers, chiefly training notes, relating to the Royal Armoured Corps, 1960.

Vulgate Bible, c1475-1500: The Psalms are omitted; and "Interpretationes nominum hebraicorum" is added at the end of the N.T.; the prologues and prefaces of St. Jerome are given. There are occasional marginal notes, partially or wholly erased.

Manuscript volume containing 'An account of Mr [John] Jenning's method of academical education, with some reflections upon it, in a letter to a friend who had some thoughts of reviving it. Written in the year 1728', and dated at Market Harborough, 31 Oct 1728. This may be the original account written by Philip Doddridge and sent to Isaac Watts.
This manuscript text is followed, in another hand, by copies of two letters from Robert Nelson, one, of 27 July 1708, to George Hanger giving moral advice on Hanger's departure for Turkey on business; the other, dated Epiphany 1713, to Gabriel Hanger on the same subject. There are also, in other hands, extracts from dissenting authors, one dated Oct 1821.

Manuscript volume containing a petition addressed to the Presbytery of Glasgow from the Elders and Deacons of the parishes of Glasgow, 2 Mar 1721, relating to overtures made by the Commission of the General Assembly concerning Kirk sessions and presbyteries.