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Josiah Latimer Clark was born in Great Marlow, Buckinghamshire in 1822. He trained as a manufacturing chemist but became a railway surveyor and engineer in 1847 and later worked for the Electric and International Telegraph Company, initially as an assistant to his elder brother Edwin Clark (1814-1894). In the 1860s, Latimer Clark (as he was generally known) worked in partnership with Charles Tilston Bright and others in the laying of long-distance telegraph cables. He maintained a strong interest in pneumatics, hydraulics and other forms of engineering. As well as a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers and co-founder of the Society of Telegraph Engineers and Electricians (afterwards the Institution of Electrical Engineers), Clark was a fellow of the Royal Society, the Royal Astronomical Society and the Royal Geographical Society.