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The Court of King's Bench was founded circa 1200 to hear common pleas, although it came to specialise in pleas of special interest and concern to the king, such as those which involved his own property interests, or breach of his peace, or an error of judgment by another royal court. By 1675 the King's Bench was the highest court of common law in England and Wales, with jurisdiction over both civil and criminal actions. Civil business was conducted on the 'Plea Side' and criminal business on the 'Crown Side'. It was absorbed into the High Court in 1875 (source of information: The National Archives Research Guides "Legal Records Information 34" and "Legal Records Information 36").
A writ is a written order issued by a court in the name of the sovereign, state, or other competent legal authority, directing the person to whom it is addressed to do or refrain from doing a specified action. In this case the Sheriff of Middlesex is being ordered to investigate the damage caused to Richard Biggs by the loss of money owed to him.