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Joseph Everett Dutton was born in Higher Bebington in Cheshire. His date of birth is given as 1874 by the Dictionary of National Biography, although his obituary notices suggest a slightly later date. He studied at Liverpool University, graduating M.D. and C.M. John Lancelot Todd was born in Canada in 1876 and graduated B.A., M.D. and C.M. at McGill University, Montreal. Both men, singly or together, were members of expeditions sent by Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine to West and Central Africa to investigate particular tropical diseases. Dutton was a member of the Third Expedition, to Nigeria in 1900 (studying malaria); the Sixth and Tenth Expeditions, to Gambia in 1901 and 1902 respectively (studying malaria and trypanosomiasis); and the Twelfth Expedition, to the Congo Free State in 1904-1905 (studying trypanosomiasis). He is notable for identifying, during the Sixth Expedition, a trypanosome parasitic upon human beings rather than animals. Todd accompanied him on the Tenth and Twelfth Expeditions (and was subsequently a member of the Twenty-Seventh, sent to Gambia in January 1911, in which he was accompanied by Dr. Simeon Burt Wolbach (1880-1954)). On the Twelfth Expedition both contracted Spirillum Fever. Todd recovered but Dutton died in February 1905 and was buried at Kosongo, Congo. Todd in his subsequent career was Director, during the years 1905-1907, of the Runcorn Research Laboratory established by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine to maintain the various strains of typanosomes and spirochaetes collected during African expeditions; in 1907 he returned to Canada and from 1907 to 1926 served as Professor of Parasitology at McGill University. He served as a Major in the Canadian Army Medical Corps in France during the First World War and in 1920 was a member of the Typhus Research Commission sent out by the American Red Cross. He died in Canada in 1949.