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Sir (Harold Arthur) Thomas Fairbank was born in 1876. He was educated at Epsorn College and gained an open scholarship to Charing Cross Hospital. He qualified in 1898 as a doctor and in 1899 as a dentist but, after a house surgeon's appointment at Charing Cross, he volunteered for the South African war and was at Lord Robert's camp at Paardeberg when Cronje surrendered. On his return to England, after achieving his higher surgical qualifications he was appointed resident superintendent at Great Ormond Street Hospital, and became surgical registrar. He was then appointed orthopaedic surgeon to Charing Cross, the first appointment of its kind in London, and also to Great Ormond Street, where his particular study was of congenital dislocation of the hip. In 1914 he visited orthopaedic centres in New York and Boston but, as the holder of a commission in the RAMC (TF), he was mobilised with the 85th Field Ambulance and proceeded to Belgium and France, mostly in the vicinity of Ypres. Later his unit was moved to Macedonia to serve in the Struma valley, and he was appointed consulting surgeon to the British Salonika Force, being awarded the DSO and OBE, and being three times mentioned in dispatches. On returning to England he was invited to take charge of an orthopaedic department at King's College Hospital and to act as consultant orthopaedic surgeon to King Edward VII Hospital for Officers and to the Treloar Hospital at Acton. He was an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and President of its Orthopaedic and Children's sections. As President of the British Orthopaedic Association he was invited to give the Lady Jones Lecture at Liverpool in 1929, and was Robert Jones lecturer at the College in 1938; he was made an honorary MCh(Orth) Liverpool in 1939. On the outbreak of the Second World War he was appointed consultant adviser in orthopaedic surgery to the Ministry of Health, and he was knighted for his services. He died in 1961.