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Born, Stratford-on-Avon, 1831; educated, University College London; studied medicine and surgery at Middlesex Hospital; MD, 1851; medical service at Scutari, 1854; Assistant Surgeon, Lecturer in anatomy and curator of the museum, Middlesex Hospital; Curator, Hunterian Museum, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1861-1884; Hunterian Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, 1870; member of Council, 1862-1899, President, 1879-1899, Zoological Society; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1864; President, Anthropological Institute, 1883-1885; Director of the Natural History Museum, 1884-1898; died, London, 1899.
Publications include: Diagrams of the Nerves of the Human Body, exhibiting their origin, divisions and connections (London, 1861); An Introduction to the Osteology of the Mammalia: being the substance of a course of Lectures delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1870 (London, 1870); Introductory Lecture to the course of Comparative Anatomy, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, February 14, 1870 (London, 1870); Catalogue of the Specimens illustrating the Osteology and Dentition of vertebrated animals ... contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons (1879); The Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. (Address, etc.) [1879]; Races of Men [1880]; A general guide to the British Museum. Natural History (1887); The Horse: a study in natural history (1891); An introduction to the study of Mammals, living and extinct with Richard Lydekker (A & C Black, London, 1891); Essays on Museums and other subjects connected with natural history (Macmillan & Co, London, 1898).