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Born, 1899; worked as medical orderly in the accident hospital at Konigshütte, 1917-1918; Studied medicine in Breslau, Würzburg and Freiburg; MD Freiburg, and began working with neurologist Professor Otfrid Foerster in Breslau, 1924; went to Hamburg to run a neurosurgical service in a municipal psychiatric hospital, 1928; returned to Breslau as Foerster's first assistant, 1929; Privatdozent, 1930; became neurologist and neurosurgeon to the Jewish hospital in Breslau, 1933; medical director of the Jewish hospital in Breslau, 1937; Witnessed the Kristalnacht, and was able to save a number of individuals by admitting them to the hospital, 1938; he and his family granted visas to go to England; invited to Oxford; started work in the Nuffield department of neurosurgery in the Radcliffe Infirmary under Hugh Cairns, 1939; invited to start a centre for paraplegics in the Emergency Medical Service Hospital at Stoke Mandeville, 1943; Centre opened and became an internationally renowned institution which revolutionised the treatment and management of paraplegia, 1944; Inception of sports programme at Stoke Mandeville, 1947; died, 1980.