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Born at Shrewsbury, 1862; moved with his family to Guildford, 1866; educated at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford; interested in natural science, but formed a desire to enter the Unitarian ministry and went to Owens College, Manchester, 1883; graduated in philosophy with first class honours, 1888; continued to study philosophy, at Manchester College Oxford and then at Leipzig; Hibbert Scholar, 1891-1896; graduated from Leipzig with a PhD, 1896; minister at Unity Church, Islington, 1897-1903; Lecturer for the London School of Ethics and Sociology, 1897-1898; Vice-President of the Aristotelian Society, 1901; Assistant Editor of the Hibbert Journal, 1902; LittD, Manchester, 1904; appointed to the Chair of Moral Philosophy at University College London, 1904; lived in Cambridge, travelling to London several times weekly, and also delivered some lectures in Cambridge; BA by research, Cambridge, 1909; MA, 1912; President of the Aristotelian Society, 1913; elected Fellow of the British Academy, 1927; retired his Professorship, 1928; Emeritus Professor from 1928; Hibbert Lecturer, 1931; Upton Lecturer in Philosophy, 1933; Essex Hall Lecturer, 1934; Hobhouse Memorial Lecturer, 1936; examiner in philosophy at various universities; a leading authority on the philosophers Immanuel Kant and George Berkeley, and on the history of philosophy, and worked on the theory of knowledge, eventually tending towards the realistic theory; died at Cambridge, 1941. Publications: Die Begriffe Phänomenon und Noumenon in ihrem Verhältnis zu einander bei Kant (1897); 'English Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century' in Friedrich Ueberweg and Franz Friedrich Maximilian Heinze's Geschichte der Philosophie (1897); memoir of James Drummond in Drummond's Pauline Meditations (1919); Ways towards the Spiritual Life (1928); article on theory of knowledge in Encyclopaedia Britannica (14th edition, 1929); Berkeley, in Leaders of Philosophy series (1932); Human Personality and Future Life (1934); Thought and Real Existence (1936); The Philosophical Bases of Theism (1937); Critical Realism: Studies in the Philosophy of Mind and Nature (1938); various articles and reviews in Mind, the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Hibbert Journal, Journal of Psychology, and other periodicals.