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Geschiedenis
Howards and Sons Limited were manufacturers of pharmaceutical chemicals, especially quinine. Before and immediately after World War I, Howards and Sons was the only British quinine manufacturer (the trade, and especially the supply of cinchona bark used for the production of quinine, was virtually monopolised by the Dutch at that time). In December 1916, following the outbreak of the war, the company's entire production was put at the disposal of the War Office Contracts Department.
On 3 September 1918 David Howard, the company's director and Chairman of the Association of Quinine Manufacturers in Allied Countries, was one of the signatories of an agreement between the allied governments of the UK, India, France, Italy and the USA on one hand and the Dutch manufacturers on the other, which secured a supply of quinine and cinchona bark for the Allied nations.
After the war, on 29 May 1919, Howards and Sons became a member of the newly-formed British Quinine Corporation and continued to trade all over the world.