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Papers relating to the Clift and Owen families, late 18th century-late 19th century, comprising a file of correspondence and papers between the Clift and Owen families. Including material relating to the parish placements of Sir Richard Owen's grandson, Richard Startin Owen, at St Giles Church, and the Parish of Mortlake; a manuscript copy of the inscription from Sir Richard Owen's great grandmother, Elizabeth Froysell's tomb; William Owen's certificate of admittance to the Royal Arch Masons, 1869; a manuscript settlement made between Sir Richard Owen's great grandparents, Richard Eskrigge and Elizabeth Froysell on their marriage, 1725; a letter from John Hunter to Brigadier Lambart, Commander in Chief of his Majesty's Forces at Belle Isle, and Brigadier Lambart's reply, 1762; correspondence between Sir Richard Owen and his family; 2 pencil drawings by Mrs Clift; correspondence between William Clift and his family; correspondence of Sir Richard Owen from the Jessie Dobson estate; other letters to Sir Richard Owen; a diary belonging to William Clift recording activities in the museum, [1806-1816]; a letter from Antonio Scarpa, 1823 [including a transcription and translation]; sheet music for a song with lyrics by Eugenius Roche Esq and music by Gme Tronsson du Coudray, dedicated to Miss Caroline Amelia Clift; letter from Joshua Brookes to Nathan Pointer [1831]; 4 attendance cards for John W MacNee for lectures given by James Armour on Midwifery (1828), John Burns on Surgery (1827), the structure and diseases of the eye by William MacKenzie (1828), and lectures on anatomy by Robert Hunter (1826-1827); invitation card from E M van Butchell to view the embalmed remains of his wife, and a transcribed letter by William Clift from E M van Butchell regarding the display of his wife's remains, 1815; and various other Clift and Owen manuscripts.

Records of the East London Water Works Company, 1899-1903, consisting of contract drawings and a timetable of a visit made by members of Portsmouth Water Works Company to East London Water Works.

Plans and drawings for the proposed redevelopment of the area of Paddington north of the Great Western Railway and south of the Grand Junction Canal and dissected by the Harrow Road. The proposals are for replacement of narrow congested streets and small houses with a dual carriage speedway and blocks of flats with open ground in-between them.

Records of Hodgson Fowler, architects, 1892-1920. The records consist of plans of the following London churches: Saint Barnabas, Dulwich; All Saints, Newington; All Saints, Notting Hill and Saint Columb, Notting Hill. Where these firms were responsible for the initial building or for extensive alterations, a full ground plan and elevation of the church is given.

Copy of seal of Independent Gas Light and Coke Company, 1829.

Copies of papers relating to the life and military service of Colonel Sir Ralph Kilner Brown, 1944-1945, 1994, 2003, including: front page and flyleaf of A collection of Field Marshal Montgomery's personal messages to 21 Army Group, Normandy to the Baltic, 6 June 1944 - 8 May 1945 (21 Army Group, 1945) featuring signatures of FM Bernard Law Montgomery and other staff; HQ 21 Army Group Q Cavalcade, caricatures of 21 Army Group HQ personnel by Diz', including Maj Gen Miles Graham, Maj GenGerry' Feilden, Brig Lymer, Col Charles Hardie, Col W H Jackson, Lt Col Koko' Weldon, Lt Col McLintock, Major Brockelbande, Maj Parry, Maj Paul Wright, Sheena Strachan, Peggy Metcalfe, Brenda Chapher, SSM Moyston and Col Ralph Kilner Brown, 1944; article by Colonel Sir Ralph Kilner Brown,D-DAY: a great day for Britain' published in Vintage Times, 1994; and obituaries of Colonel Sir Ralph Kilner Brown, 2003.

Papers relating to the proceedings of the trial of von Manstein for war crimes by a British Military Court, Curio House, Hamburg, Germany, Aug-Dec 1949, including typescript 'Index of the proceedings upon the trial of Fritz Erich von Lewinski, called von Manstein', 1949; typescript index of the summing-up by Judge Advocate Hon Charles Arthur Collingwood, Dec 1949; typescript charge sheet listing the seventeen charges of war crimes against von Manstein, amended as served, 14 Jul 1949; typescript opening speech for the prosecution by Sir Arthur Strettell Comyns-Carr, KC, 24 Aug 1949; typescript proceedings for the sixty one days of von Manstein's trial for war crimes (two days proceedings excluded as they were held in camera), 23 Aug-16 Dec 1949; twelve bound indexed volumes of typescript documents referred to by counsel and used as evidence in von Manstein's trial, 1949; typescript bound transcript of Commission Hearing, Landsberg Prison, Landsberg, Germany, by Special Commissioner Lt Col W St John C Tayleur, Barrister at Law, Office of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, Headquarters BAOR (British Army of the Rhine), appointed by Lt Gen Sir Charles Keightley, Commander-in-Chief, BAOR (British Army of the Rhine), to take evidence on commission relating to von Manstein, 10 Jan 1949; forty four printed maps relating to Wehrmacht operations on the Eastern Front against the USSR, Jun 1941-Mar 1944; typescript 'Synopsis of the retreat of the German Army (Army Group South) from southern Russia with regard to operations of Field Marshal von Manstein', with copies of fourteen printed maps relating to the Eastern Front, USSR, 1941-1944; typescript copy of letter from B Acht, Polish Military Mission, Berlin, Germany, to Lt Gen Sir Frank (Ernest Wallace) Simpson, President of the Court, relating to his withdrawal as Polish official observer to von Manstein's trial due to his perception of the defence counsel's positive portrayal of von Manstein's character, Nov 1949; typescript copies of papers relating to evidence taken and presented at the trial, 1949; four copies of sketches of the court and of von Manstein in court, 1949; article by Cyril Bentham Falls, Chichele Professor of the History of War, Oxford, entitled 'The trial of Field Marshal von Manstein' from The Illustrated London News, 13 Aug 1949; newspaper cuttings relating to the trial, 1949; obituary for von Manstein from The Times, 13 Jun 1973.

Delineations of cutaneous diseases: copies of Bateman's work, including copies of the illustrations, by two different compilers; each compiler probably a medical student.

Much of the collection is made up of diaries and notebooks relating to expeditions sent to Africa by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine to study diseases such as malaria and trypanosomiasis. From Todd's subsequent career there is also material on journeys to Western Canada to study Swamp Fever in horses and to Poland to study Typhus, some general notes on tropical diseases, a laboratory notebook on experiments with fever ticks and a paper on the Congo Free State as a political unit. The dates covered are 1901-1920. A final block of material consists of letters and loose papers including sketches, covering 1890-1949.

One volume bringing together texts relating to the "Malpighian controversy" in anatomy, c 1695-1717, plus some receipts, and a second volume recording consultations undertaking by Marcello Malpighi.

Papers of Brian Houghton Hodgson, 1824-1874, comprising annotated British Museum Catalogues, " Brief Notices of Several New or Little-Known Species of Mammalia", 1855; List of specimens sent to British Museum, [1846]; notebook by Archibald Campbell in Nepal and annotated by Hodgson, 1833; catalogue of a collection of Mammalia from Nepal, Sikim, and Tibet, 1856; copies of printed papers, 1846-1848; correspondence, 1836-1874; correspondence and lists concerning the proposed publication of drawings, 1836-1845; descriptions of the animals of Nepal, Sikim and Tibet, 1830-1857; letters from Joseph Hooker to Brian H Hodgson, 1848-1850; lists of drawings and specimens, 1835-1838; lists of drawings and specimens sent to various recipients, 1842-1874; manuscripts of journal articles, 1831-1847; 'Memoranda of manners and habits of the birds of my Collection (according to the numbers attached to the drawings). Done by my native sportsmen or Shikarees and translated by my Writer', 1846-1857; miscellaneous journal articles, 1843-1846; notebook containing copies of letters to Hodgson, 1833-1842; Zoological Memos of 1846 made on the way from Monghys to Darjiling, 1846; Zoology Nepal notebooks, 1824-1827.

Antisemitic painting, coloured, possibly the page of a book or brochure (Pag. 392 is printed in the top right corner), in the Judensau tradition.

The main picture shows three Jews who are wearing so-called 'Jew-hats'. The headline reads: Au weih [Rabbi Ansehl?] au au Mausch auwei au au; under the Headline is a picture of an injured body of a child with the banner: Diese Abbildung stehet zu Frankfurt am Maijn am Bruecken Thurm abgemahlt.

The statement beneath the painting reads: A I475, am Gruenen Donnerstag ward das Kindlein Simeo 2 half Jahr alt von den Juden umgebracht. Sauff du die Milch friss du den dreck das ist doch euer bestes geschleck.

Records of the Council of the Royal College of Music, 1894-1990, including floor plans of College c1894; plans of Concert Hall organ by Harrison and Harrison, 1958; Concert Hall (existing), 1960; extensions to the college, 1962; floor plans of College (existing), 1963; lifts, kitchen, squash court [proposed but never built], fire alarms and emergency lighting, electrical installations, 1961-1985; Opera School and Students' Recreation Room, 1970-1973; additional vault Practice Rooms, 1972; alterations to the Parry Theatre, 1973; Opera School staircase, 1979; Dining Room, 1982-1983; Library, 1984; Britten Opera Theatre, 1984-1986; Concert Hall refurbishment, 1990.

Barbara Constance Freeman collection, 1902-1989, comprises books, sketchbooks, illustrations, photographs, a diary, letters and an audio tape containing a BBC interview with Freeman. Sketchbooks contain pencil drawings including people and animals and the collection also contains notebooks comprising notes on architecture used whilst studying at Kingston School of Art. The collection contains certificates awarded to Freeman and Mary Freeman (possibly her aunt) including Barbara's certificate for passing an examination in drawing, 1926; correspondence including a letter from Ernest Kyle, 1929 and a testimonial requested by Freeman discussing her achievements at Kingston School of Art.

The collection contains diaries, account books, correspondence, watercolours, photographs, genealogical notes, legal papers, printed material and other miscellaneous items of Thomas Herbert Lewin and his immediate family, accumulated between 1788-1926, notably official papers relating to his military and administrative work in India, diaries, scrapbooks and philological and literary manuscripts, correspondence, articles and reviews on his publications, photographs and sketches by him, genealogical papers collected by him, notebooks and journals and miscellaneous other items. There are also papers of other members of the Lewin family.

Papers of the De Morgan family, [1756-1928], comprising material relating to the suffragette movement, such as photographs, newpapers, press cuttings and pamphlets; correspondence of Augustus de Morgan, with correspondents including Sir Frederick Richard Pollock, Sir George Biddle Airy, Sir John William Lubbock, John Wrottesley (2nd Baron Wrottesley), John Radford Young, Sir John Frederick William Herschel, John Finlaison, and General Sir John Briggs; correspondence of William Frend de Morgan, mainly with members of his family and Sir Edward Coley Burne Jones; material relating to the de Morgan and Frend families, notably family photographs, drawings, letters, legal documents and memorabilia; letters from Sophia and Mollie de Morgan to Joan Antrobus; manuscript and typescript copies of stories and essays by William and Mary de Morgan; papers relating to Sophia de Morgan's Memoir of her husband Augustus, including letters, reviews and working notes; bundle of letters containing correspondence concerning a petition to the women of America from the women of England about the abolition of slavery; printed material, mainly works by Augustus de Morgan; letters to Francis Baily, [1820-1940]; letters from Thomas Henderson to Thomas Galloway, 1834-1842; 5 watercolours of Scotland by Frances Shakerley, [1920-1930].

Two portfolios consisting of sketches from dismembered sketch books, 1836-1863.

Papers collected by Ron Heisler, including: records and minutes books of the Harrovian Juvenile Oddfellows Society / Loyal Pride of Harrow Lodge recording membership, payments, degrees of membership and other information (1828-1958); scrapbooks relating to the life and career of civil servant Sir William Robert Fraser, including scrapbook of cuttings relating to the erection of a statue of Charles I in London and a scrapbook containing letters and ephemera on his career in the civil service (1898-1946); miscellaneous manuscript material collected by Ron Heisler, including minute books of Hackney Co-operative Party, Staines Co-operative Party and Homerton and South Hackney Claimant Union, a scrapbook of articles written by William Durrant Cooper and other items (1847-1981); photographs and photograph albums, including photographs of unemployment protests during the 1930s, images from the Spanish Civil War and albums kept by communists Molly and Bill Smith (1936-1953); miscellaneous cartoons and illustrations regarding political and social themes (1792-1883); posters, calendars and framed items regarding social and political themes, or produced by political organisations, including promotional posters for performances at the Unity Theatre, London (1898-2003).

Papers of Professor William Cawthorne Unwin, 1856-1952, comprising correspondence, principally concerning engineering matters, 1856-1931, 1950,1952, notably with Edward Dean Adams, including the Niagra Falls Scheme, 1890-1929, Sir Benjamin Baker, including the Forth Bridge, dam schemes, 1882-1898, Sir William Fairbairn, including experiments, appointments, 1856-1874, Thomas Hardy, concerning astronomy, 1881, Imperial College, 1910-1926 (as representative of the Institution of Civil Engineers);
research papers, 1859-1924, notably Fay and Newall brakes, 1859, observations on the Thames, 1882-1883, Nile Project Committee, 1919, dam schemes, 1899-1905;
speeches and addresses to various institutions, including presidential addresses to the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1912, and Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1916; engineering drawings, 1875-1906, of apparatus, machinery, sections of the Thames, Telok Ayer key wall, Singapore; two portraits of Unwin, undated;
additional material, comprising papers relating to Windsor Water Works arbitration, 1884; reports on compression gauges, 1886-1887; Birmingham dams, 1895; notes on dam theory, 1905; papers relating to Stockport water supply and Kinder Dam, 1905; notes relating to schemes for Niagra and central London.

Pen and ink drawings by M.K. Holland of details of church architecture, mainly English and continental, [1845-1848].

Papers of Sir Andrew Crombie Ramsay, 1812-1933, comprising notebooks and diaries, 1841-1882, recording both professional and personal details, including geological observations and drawings from field work in Britain, the Rhine, Canada, Switzerland, North Africa, France; sketches of landscapes, details of personal and official expenses, principally for travelling and accommodation; verses; inserted copies of correspondence; notices of deaths;
rough notes for lectures at the Royal School of Mines, Royal Institution, [1850-1880]; miscellaneous notes and printed papers, 1840-1889, principally relating to his book on Arran, 1841; appointment to University College London, 1847-1849; articles by Ramsay in the 'Saturday Review', 1858-1873; Bedfordshire palaeontology; examination papers, 1858-1875, for various institutions including the Geological Survey and Royal School of Mines, London University and University College, Cambridge University; sketch books and drawings of scenery, geological sections, portraits, [1840-1880]; miscellaneous printed papers, 1836-1892, notably papers relating to the Metropolitan Red Lion Association, 1836-1854; obituary notices for Ramsay, 1892;
family correspondence, 1812-1933, comprising letters of family members, including Ramsay's parents, wife, and daughters; correspondence with Sir Henry de la Beche, 1841-1854; general correspondence, 1833-1895, comprising letters from various correspondents, including Charles Robert Darwin, 1846-1864, Edward Forbes, 1844-1854, the Geological Survey, 1844-1876, Thomas Henry Huxley, 1854-1855, Joseph Beete Jukes, 1846-1867, Charles Kingsley, 1864, Sir Charles Lyell, 1841-1872, Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, 1848-1869, John Phillips, 1842-1867, Lyon Playfair, 1837-1854, Adam Sedgwick, [1865], Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn, 1846-1881, James Sharpe, 1840-1851, Sir Warrington Wilkinson Smyth, [1840-1890], Joshua Trimmer, [1840-1857], Anna Maria Williams, 1842-1852.

Sir Robert Carswell's anatomical drawings, with manuscript notes describing the cases illustrated, 1827-1838, and a catalogue, dated 1864.

Correspondence between D M S Watson and others; memorabilia; sketches and drawings; photographs; and newspaper cuttings.

2 anatomical drawings

Original watercolour anatomical drawings, c.300, used for plates published in Bright's Reports on Medical Cases, Selected with a View to Illustrate the Symptoms and Cure of Diseases by Reference to Morbid Anatomy (1827), also includes some unpublished pathological drawings, [1822]-[1839]. Many of the drawings are by Frederick Richard Say and C.L. Canton, those unsigned probably by Bright; Case notes, in Bright's handwriting, 1827-32

Drewitt's pathological drawings, 1876-1881, both water-colour drawings and pencil sketches, of cases admitted to St George's Hospital, 1876-1878 and undated, and of cases of pharyngoeal diphtheria, made at Great Ormond Street Hospital, 1880, and scurvy, rickets and variola, 1881. Many are labelled and annotated.

Papers of Frederic John Farre's, [1883], consist of his unpublished history of the Royal College of Physicians, 1518-1824, in his hand, [1883]; Notes for his history of the College, [1883]; Scrapbook of drawings, maps, plans and photographs to illustrate his history of the College, [1883].

Papers of Sir James Berry, 1888-1927, comprising medical notes titled Thyroid cases- History and Correspondence, for surnames WA-WIL and WIL-ZUP; drawings and notes relating to specimens in the museums of Charing Cross Hospital, Middlesex Hospital, St Marys Hospital, Westminster Hospital, St George's Hospital, Guy's Hospital, University Hospital, St Thomas's Hospital, King's College Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Bristol University and Bristol Royal Infirmary; pictures of cases of hare lip and cleft palate; medical notes titled Operations for goitres- Notes of cases 1-26; 126-1549; and manuscript notes and annotations of publications Hare-lip and cleft-palate (1912), and Diseases of the thyroid gland and their surgical treatment, (1901).

Papers of John Lizars Lizars and Henry Robert Silvester, 1854-1856, comprising a manuscript volume of notes started by Lizars, as a Student in Anatomy, relating to work on preparations and dissections, reading in the Library, and attending hospital days,1853-1854. His work is countersigned by Frederic Carpenter Skey (Professor of Anatomy and Surgery from 1852) and Edward Stanley (Member of Council 1835-1862 and President 1848 and 1857); the notes are then continued by Silvester, as a Student in Human and Comparative Anatomy, relating to daily activites, including drawings and paintings of specimens, dissections, work with preparations, hospital visits and cataloguing, 1855-1856.

Papers of Sir Charles Alfred Ballance, 1896-1935, comprising notes of experiments, 1922-1935; original drawings for publications and papers, 1896-1934; and lectures, reports, and notes on surgery, c 1909-1934.

Manuscript volume [1620s]: Christoph Kotter's 'Mystisches Manuskript', comprising declarations of mystical experiences made before the civic and ecclesiastical authorities of the town of Sprottau. With 20 pen drawings of visions in the text.

Notes on a course of lectures on botany, delivered by John Lindley, Professor of Botany at London University. The notes were taken by Thomas Howitt, with pencil sketches in the text. Six pages of notes are of a later period, probably not by Howitt.

Two volumes of drawings by Thorvaldsen and one volume of notes by J M Thiele.

Papers of Sir Charles Bell, early 19th century-1842, comprising drawings by Sir Charles Bell, early 19th century; and letters and miscellaneous material, 1821-1842.

Papers of John Bell, late 18th century- early 19th century, comprising a watercolour painting by Bell, of the Dutch Vice Admiral Rutzius, who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Camperdown in Oct 1797; a reproduction of the watercolour which was made for Gordon Gordon-Taylor in 1951, for an article in the British Journal of Surgery; and annnotated pencil drawings of the bones of the skull.

Papers of William Home Clift, 1825-1832, comprising manuscript notes and sketches by Clift, taken at lectures given by Sir Charles Bell, on topics including sensory organs, hernia, and lythotomy, 1827; notes and sketches by Clift and J Streeten, taken at lectures on surgery given by Sir Charles Bell, on topics including mechanical construction of the body, the structure and growth of teeth, and the nervous system, 1828; notes by Clift and Sir Richard Owen titled Rough Account of Diagrams, Preparations etc., used at the Lectures 1828, containing lists of diagrams for lectures by Sir Charles Bell and Joseph Henry Green; notes by Clift titled Lectures 1832. Mr Guthrie and Sir Charles Bell. Commenced Tuesday February 28th, Terminated Saturday May 5th. WH Clift; reports by Clift to the Board of Curators, on the progress of the catalogue of monsters and osteological items, and other activities in the museum, 1829-1831; and colour drawings of fish by Clift, 10 Jun 1825.

Papers of William Wadd, [c1806-1807], comprising 3 volumes of anatomical pencil drawings by Wadd, including bones, tumours, growths and deformities.

Papers of Sir George Back, 1814-1878, including c. 250 letters addressed to Sir George Back by various correspondents (listed by name), 1848-1878; personal letters from Back to his family, 1813-1878; photocopies of extracts from Back's sketchbook and slides of his sketches from 1819-1822 expedition to Arctic; passports and framed letter with sketches of polar bear, 1874.

Papers of J M Clayton, 1910-1911, comprise a diary (not complete) of journey to Addis Ababa, 1910-1911; report and route report on the Anuak country; notes on routes from Addis to Dire Dawa; sketch maps of the Aronsie country and Lake Hora Abiata.

A pencil sketch of Sir Israel Gollancz, Professor of English at King's College, by Dorothy Parker, and annotated 'Golly', a student nickname for the Professor, [1918-1921].

Sheet music book containing 'Sonata by Signor Vento', presumably Mattia Vento, written in manuscript for voice and accompaniment by an unknown writer; also containing a printed page of musical terms, a manuscript poem and a sketch of a country house. Undated [18th century].

The collection consists of two mounted pencil sketches of nesting birds and a moth presented to Herwald Ramsbotham, Parliamentary Secretary, Board of Education, by the Governors, Staff and Students of Chelsea Polytechnic at the opening of building extensions to the Modern Art and Biology classrooms at Chelsea Polytechnic, 4 November 1932.

Drawings comprising copies of designs by William Blair-Bell for the presidential badge and ceremonial robe and for a Fellow's robe, of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 1931.

Five pen and ink cartoons made by Sir Anthony Alment concerning the controversies surrounding the establishment of the National Health Service, and the views of the medical profession, [1946-1948].

Royal Holloway College magazines, namely bound copies of Erinna, 1938-1955, Caviare, 1957-1962, Mr Gillie, 1966-1967 and Château, 1967-1977. Copy of Frid, a collection of the cartoons contributed to Château by Frederick Raymond Higton, 1968-1970. Editorial papers for Erinna, 1948-1951, including memoranda on the duties of the Editor and business Manager, 1948-1949, an account book, 1950-1954 and a circulation list for other colleges and universities, 1951. Bound volumes of Holocaust, a Student Rag magazine, 1970-1972.

Material relating to Thomas Holloway and his family, 1863-1965, including a press cuttings book kept by Holloway, 1863, pamphlets printed by the Governors of Royal Holloway College relating to the life and works of Thomas Holloway, trade literature for Holloway's pills and ointments, reports and addresses on the Holloway Sanatorium, and a catalogue of title deeds relating to Thomas Holloway deposited in Surrey Record Office. Reminiscences, memoirs, verses and novels relating to Royal Holloway College, 1911-1969, notably manuscripts and taped reminiscences by former students of the College, a printed copy of Dolores ( Blackwood and Sons, London and Edinburgh, 1911) by Ivy Compton-Burnett, speeches given at various special College dinners, and manuscripts of College songs and verses about members of staff and students. Press cuttings, articles and obituaries, 1876-1970, extracted from newspapers and journals, on Royal Holloway College, including articles on the College buildings, members of staff, the Council, the College Departments and women's' education in general. Drawings, prints and watercolours, [1879]-1908, of staff, grounds and buildings, mainly sketches of the College buildings used for a promotional brochure, 1895. Ephemera relating to Royal Holloway, [1880]-1965.

Papers, 1881-1891, of Donald James Mackay, 11th Baron Reay, as Governor of Bombay, comprising correspondence, memoranda, petitions and other papers, 1884-1889 and undated, on A'bkari administration (a system of licences for the distillation and sale of spirits in Bombay); correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports and other papers, 1881-1891 and undated, relating to military and naval subjects; correspondence, memoranda, minutes and reports, 1885-1890 and undated, on education; correspondence and other papers, 1881-1891 and undated, on agriculture; correspondence and other papers, 1884-1889 and undated, on sanitation and water works; correspondence and papers, 1884-1891 and undated, on various other subjects including administration, hospitals, irrigation, railways and finance; addresses of welcome to Lord Reay, 1886-1890 and undated; a drawing of Bombay harbour and accompanying manuscript plan, undated; manuscript map of Karachi Harbour Board, 1887.

Cartoons of William Pember Reeves from New Zealand newspapers, 1890, whilst a member of parliament.