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Records of the Jerusalem Coffee House, later the Jerusalem Shipping Exchange, including registers and lists of sailings and shippings, including some East India Company shipping; log of the voyage of the ship 'Walmer Castle' from London to Penang, Malaysia; agreements; and financial accounts.

Papers of Jessop and Gough, solicitors, 1726-1920, including practice papers; papers arising from work as clerks to Edmonton petty sessions, relating to licensing, rates, school attendance and certain other matters; list of Guardians of Edmonton Union, elected between 1865 and 1879; vestry papers for Waltham Abbey parish, and correspondence. The papers relate mainly to Edmonton and Enfield, but also Wood Green, Kentish Town, Islington, Waltham Abbey, Hendon, Ponders End, Cricklewood, Lea Valley, Harrow, Lee, Catford and Tottenham.

Papers, 1870-1934, collected by the solicitors in the course of their work, comprising deeds and legal documents relating to 178 and 180 High Street, Deptford; including leases and mortgages.

Records of Jesus Church, Enfield, including registers of baptisms, marriages, confirmations, banns of marriage and church services; papers relating to the benefice and glebe lands; papers relating to the church building including correspondence regarding alterations and restorations, faculties, plans, reports and surveys; Churchwardens' annual reports; Vestry minutes; Parochial Church Council minutes; financial accounts; papers relating to almshouses; and parish magazines.

The monumental inscriptions and armorial bearings in the churches within the City of London, a five volume work by Arthur Jewers, compiled for the Library Committee of the City of London, 1910-1919. Includes transcripts of monumental and other inscriptions in the churches, with drawings (many coloured) of armorial bearings, and extracts from wills and other genealogical notes about the persons and families commemorated. Also correspondence with the Library Committee relating to the preparation of the work, 1910-1919, and Library Committee report, 1924.

Records of J G Abraham and Company, property developers, 1880-1978. The records deposited include only a small proportion of the total bulk of records, but enough to represent the geographical location of the estates and the types of housing provided. The records consist of three deed books, a property register, ledgers and several plans. The plans particularly relate to developments in Leyton and Canning Town.

Records of J J Lane Limited, engineers, 1873-1957, including letter books, printed catalogues and brochures illustrating the company's products, Sales particulars for disposal of plant, machinery, stores and equipment on winding-up of company and article from journal "Laundry Record and Journal" giving brief history of company.

Mortgage and lease for Paradise Terrace, Milton Road, Hornsey, 1853 and 1855; leases for property in Shepperton; copies of court roll for Isleworth Syon Manor relating to parcel of land in Grosvenor Road, Twickenham with two messuages, stables, coach houses and buildings known as Grosvenor House and Grosvenor Cottage; and deed of composition and release releasing Joseph Blake of Harrow, linen draper, from his debts.

Papers of merchants John Hubbard and Company, including correspondence, reports and financial accounts.

Marriage registers for John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, 1900-1939.

Records of John Lovibond and Sons Limited, 1896-1973. This collection comprises corporate records including minutes of Directors' meetings and General meetings, registers of shareholders, articles of association and a register of mortgages and charges.

Records of John May and Company Limited, brewers, comprising Directors' minute book; compensation fund ledger including audited balance sheets and compensation fund accounts with bank.

Papers of John Motteux and Company, merchants, comprising letters from the company's agent in L'Orient (Brittany) and Paris.

Records of John Mowlem and Company Ltd, and subsidiary companies, 1830-1985; including articles of association; minutes; reports; prospectuses; financial ledgers and accounts; records of work done; works order books; inventories; letter books; staff records including wage books; property registers; photographs; awards; shareholder registers and seal registers. Also copy of The History of John Mowlem and Company, volumes 1 and 2, by F Baines.

Subsidiary companies whose records are found in this collection:
John Mowlem and Company Limited U.K. Construction Division
John Mowlem and Company Limited, Guernsey
John Mowlem and Company Limited, Southampton
Mowlem (Africa) Limited
Mowlem (Building) Limited
Mowlem (Scotland) Limited
Mowlem Computer Grid Limited
Mowlem International Division
The Artistic Blind Company Limited
The Cement Supply Company Limited (later called Constructional Services Limited)
Glasgow Stockholders Trust Limited
Grosvenor Engineering Services Limited
Edmund Nuttall, Sons And Company and John Mowlem And Company (Joint) Limited
Nuttall Mowlem Brand and Abboud (Near East) Limited
E. Thomas and Company Limited
Webber and Corben Limited
Improved Wood Pavement and Company Limited (now called Mowlem Construction (Plant Hire) Limited)
Alfred Booth and Co Limited
Booth Concrete Limited
C Evans and Sons Limited
Dixon Building Equipment Limited
Eatons Ladders Limited
Edendal Properties Limited
Ellis Richards Limited
F Parker and Co Limited
Freehold Improvements Limited
Glasgow Stockholders Trust Plc
Gravity Ladders and Randall Limited
Grosvenor Structures Limited
Hire Shops Limited
Johnsons Ladders (Woodworks) Limited
Lomount Construction Limited
Mining and Geophysical Limited
Parcar Utilities Limited
Pierhead Limited
Property Investments Cambridge Limited
Redhill Bodybuilding Industries Limited
Scaffolding (Great Britain) Limited
Sgb Building Equipment Limited
Sgb Canada Limited
Sgb Group Limited
Showex Limited
Soil Mechanics Foundations Limited
Tickner and Emmerton Limited
Thrasyllus Unit Construction Company Limited
Wc Youngman Limited
Welham Plant Limited
Youngman Forktrucks Limited

Papers of the Parkes family, 1634-1865. The main part of the collection consists of letters to Joseph Parkes. In addition, there are a few letters to his elder brother Josiah, to their father John, and to other members of the family. There are also a few miscellaneous papers. The Parkes family deeds are also part of the collection, consisting of family deeds, subsidiary title deeds, grants of mineral rights, deeds held as Trustees, and miscellaneous. The deeds are dated 1634-1800 and the correspondence is dated 1801-1865.

Records of the John Roan School, Greenwich, and predecessors. This collection contains Roan Estate deeds for property in Greenwich (1473-1955); Governors' minutes, Head Teachers' reports and Clerk and Surveyor correspondence files (1682-1995); Roan Schools administrative records (1866-2002), pupils admissions and discharge registers (1705-1994), various printed material including school magazines (1834-1999), a large collection of photographs depicting pupils and teaching staff (1895-1990), and commemorative trowel, school badges and items of clothing (1876-1979); and school log books (1884-1976) for various schools operating in Charlton.

Records of particular interest are the Roan Estate deeds (LMA/4442/01/01) which are an excellent resource for the research of family and local history of Greenwich from the 15th to the 20th centuries and the admission and discharge registers (LMA/4442/03/02) provide a fairly comprehensive set of details of pupils who attended the Roan Schools. The calendars and prize giving programmes (LMA/4442/03/03) are also useful for researching pupils at the school and the school magazines, prospectuses (LMA/4442/03/03) and head teachers' reports (LMA/4442/02/01) provide detailed information on school activities, events and other developments.

The school represents a good example of the use of increases in charitable gifts and funds in Greenwich from the 17th century and details can be found in the surviving records of the first school, the Grey Coat School, in the Orders of the Feoffees (1682-1716) (LMA/4442/02/01/01/001) and the Register of admissions and discharges (1705-1736) (LMA/4442/03/02/01/001) which includes churchwardens' charity payments to Greenwich poor widows.

The impact of the Second World War on the Roan Schools is documented by a number of records in the collection including the Governors' Clerk and Surveyor's correspondence files which give detailed descriptions of bomb damage in Greenwich.

Information on the school's planning for the evacuation can be found in the Governors' Clerk's files (LMA/4442/02/02) and some lists of pupils evacuated and accounts of the evacuation to Kent and South Wales for four years can be found in reports in the Roan Schools records (LMA/4442/03/01 and LMA/4442/03/03) and Governors' minutes and Head Teachers' reports (LMA/4442/02/01).

Account book of John Smith, 1815-1822, including sections on cash paid, cash received, stocks and shares, leasing arrangements, and (at front) list of birth dates [of his children?]; with enclosures including list of 11 title deeds to properties mainly in Middlesex and Surrey; list of documents held in the large portfolio, 1768-1817; list of accounts and documents; list of some of the precious items, such as jewellery, belonging to the Smith family.

The records of John T Clark Limited, fish factor, comprise financial material only.

Records of Presbyterian Church of England Johnson Road Mission, including Mission Committee minute books, 1904 and 1956-1972; Court of Session minute books, 1907-1972; Mission Finance Committee minute books, 1906-1972; Communicants' roll book, 1918-1937; register of baptisms, 1941-1972; Treasurer's account books, 1919-1974; correspondence relating to the Mission, 1926-1963; correspondence and information relating to the Mission constitution, 1912-1941; correspondence, information, plans and a schedule regarding the demolition and subsequent re-building of the Mission, and the re-development of the area, 1971-1974 and architectural plans and sketches of the new Mission building and site, 1972-1973.

Correspondence, 1968-1973, relating to Johnson's work as Poetry Editor of Transatlantic Review, and English translations by Johnson and Ned Thomas of Welsh language poems by David Gwenallt Jones; typescript of Travelling people, 1963. First edition copies of House Mother normal: a geriatric comedy (Collins, London, 1971), Travelling people (Constable, London, 1964), and The unfortunates (Panther, London, 1969).

Records of Charles James Johnson, comprising photograph of 1 Cornhill decorated for the coronation of George V, 1910; photograph of Johnson, c 1920; private ledger relating to underwriting marine risks and other business, 1934-65; and personal papers 1922-1974.

Records of Charles Johnston, businessman, including property transactions, probates and administrations; papers relating to Johnston's marriage settlement; correspondence; financial accounts; sales catalogues; papers relating to charities in Cheshunt; papers regarding Johnston's insanity and his financial affairs; letters to Johnston in his capacity as the chairman of the English, Scottish and Australian Chartered Bank; papers of the New Granada Company including annual reports, prospectus, correspondence, shares and papers relating to liquidation.

Also papers of Edmund Johnston including property transactions, financial records and papers relating to his estate.

Papers relating to his life and career, 1924-1971, principally comprising papers relating to his work as British Ambassador to Jordan, 1956-1959, including newspaper cuttings concerning the termination of the Anglo-Jordan treaty of 1948, 1956-1959, and correspondence relating to the stationing of British troops in Jordan, 1958; papers relating to his work as Governor, Commander-in-Chief and High Commissioner, Aden, 1960-1963, dated 1960-1970, including his official reports to the Foreign Office on his visits to the Protectorate states, 1960-1962, his correspondence with King Hussein of Jordan, 1960-1962, newspaper cuttings relating to the merging of Aden with the South Arabian Federation of Arab Emirates, 1960-1963; correspondence concerning British policy towards the South Arabian Federation, particularly the withdrawal of British troops from Aden, 1964-1970; his official report to the Foreign Office concerning the trials in Madrid of opponents of the Franco regime, 1950; notes, cuttings and correspondence concerning Britain's policy towards Japan, 1931-1941, and the signing of the Japanese Peace Treaty, 1951, dated 1971-1975; notes on Australian personalities and contacts written for Sir Morrice James, Johnston's successor as High Commissioner of Australia, 1971; drafts,typescripts, correspondence and reviews of published memoirs The view from Steamer Point (Collins, London, 1964), Mo and other originals (Hamilton, London, 1971) and The brink of Jordan (Hamilton, London, 1972); notes and fragments of unpublished memoirs, dated 1936-1985, mainly relating to his service in the Foreign Office, 1936-1939, Japan, 1939-1942, and Australia, 1965-1971. Photographs,[1938]-1971, principally comprising official photographs relating to his service in Jordan, Aden and Australia. Papers relating to published and unpublished poetry and translations, principally comprising drafts of For Leagros and other poems (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1940), Towards Mozambique and other poems (Cresset Press, London, 1947), Estuary in Scotland (privately published, 1974), Poems and Journeys (Bodley Head, London, 1979), Rivers and fireworks (Bodley Head, London, 1980), Talk about the last poet (Bodley Head, London, 1981), Choiseul and Talleyrand (Bodley Head, London, 1982), The Irish lights (Bodley Head, London, 1983) and translations of Turgenev, Pushkin and Lermontov.

Papers of Charles Johnstone, consisting of eighteen diaries, 1880 to 1897, 1890 and 1895 excepted, which describe all the major events of Johnstone's life in detail. His logs cover the years 1858 to 1864, 1866 to 1867 and 1871 to 1873. There are official letters among the loose papers as well as letterbooks, 1883, 1892 to 1894, 1896 to 1898, and many of these refer to Madagascar and to the Victoria and Camperdown collision; for the latter affair there is Johnstone's own vindication of his conduct. The printed papers, including news cuttings, refer to Borneo and Madagascar and to the education of naval officers.

Essays by Peter Johnston Johnston-Saint, c 1927-1938, including 'The Herbal. The fore-runner of the pharmacopoeia in ancient and modern times', 'Healing Saints. A brief account of some of the Healing Saints to be found in Brittany' and 'Historical View of the Theory of Spontaneous Generation'.

Papers collected by the solicitors in the course of their work, comprising legal documents, copies of court rolls from Ruislip Manor and the Manor of Harrow alias Sudbury, sale particulars, lease and releases, deeds, mortgages, conveyances, marriage settlements and assignments relating to properties in Acton, 1866-1903; Enfield, 1882-1920; Finchley, 1885-1912; Friern Barnet, 1887-1900; Harefield, 1767-1854; Hornsey and Tottenham, 1880-1919; Harrow and Ruislip, 1758-1913; Willesden, 1881-1900, and Stoke Newington, 1892-1910. Also business partnership agreements between Hodson, Smith Gale and others of Tottenham for brickmaking, building, selling and letting of houses.

Records of Annie Horatia Jones, daughter of Sir Horace Jones. The collection contains ten dolls' house dolls dressed by Tamazine Billings (nee Jones) in 1886 for her niece, Annie Horatia Jones, to represent members of Sir Horace Jones' family and household. The dolls' original labels have been sewn onto their clothing to identify the family member they are intended to represent. There is also a photograph album depicting family including Sir Horace Jones, portrait of Annie Horatia Jones in outfit for City of London Mansion House Juvenile Dress Ball, and family at home in Devonshire Place; her correspondence with aunts, housekeeper and friends concerning holidays, her pursuits and interests (1883-1890), a scrapbook of coloured pictures and also a pencil drawing of Tamazine Billings as a girl (circa 1831). The collection presents an insight into Sir Horace Jones' family life. The different heights of the dolls of Sir Horace Jones and Lady Ann Elizabeth Jones and the size of dolls is thought to represent other family members demonstrates Victorian attitudes towards personal status within the family. The clothing on the dolls is also useful for looking at costume and dress during the late nineteenth century.

And so to battle: a sailor's story, a memoir of his life and career, 1900-1967, notably his service in Russia, 1919-1920, the Mediterranean, 1922-1926, 1930-1931, 1938-1939 and 1943, and the East Indies, 1945, his work with the Director of Naval Ordnance, Admiralty and his service with 10 Destroyer Flotilla in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay, 1944, written in [1976] and privately published in 1979.

Papers of Cpt Jenkin Jones, consisting of official service documents, logs, 1822 to 1839, 1841 to 1842, and a letterbook, 1822 to 1824 and 1839 to 1842. There are also a number of personal letters and papers relating to Jones's court martial.

Correspondence and papers of Robert Jones relating to his work as House Surgeon and Apothecary of the Denbighshire Infirmary and General Dispensary, 1826-1828, and to his studies in Dublin at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and the Meath Hospital 1836-1837.

Copy of 'NCO', typescript memoir of his service as a non-commissioned officer in France, 1916 and 1918, Salonika, [1916-1917], and Palestine, [1917-1918] written in [1932] under the pseudonym Sgt John Francis, with sketches by Pte James Browning, 1916-1918.

Papers of William Henry Jones-Byrom. They contain one log, 1844 to 1848, letters to his mother, 1859, appointments, 1844 to 1860, and Captain Osborn's report on the mission of the FURIOUS in China.

Records of Joseph Barber and Company Limited, wharfingers and warehouse keepers, comprising constitutional documents, financial material, a list of rates and title deeds. This material requires 24 hours notice for access.

The records of Joseph Preston and Sons, watch, clock and chronometer movement makers, comprise two volumes containing descriptions of parts c 1890-5 and 1892-1914 (Mss 14558, 14560), a cash book 1893-1904 (Ms 14545) and a bank pass book 1907-12 (Ms 14559).

Papers and correspondence, 1939-1981, of Professor Joseph Anthony Charles Thomas concerning his work, comprising manuscript and typescript notes for lectures attended while a student at Cambridge, 1939-1947; typescripts and manuscripts for The Institutes of Justinian; typescripts and manuscripts, including translations, for various articles, lectures and talks, some unpublished; texts for his lectures at Nottingham, 1953-1954, Glasgow, 1955-1961, and University College London, 1965-1980 and undated; general correspondence, 1953-1978, correspondence concerning book reviews, 1962-1980, correspondence concerning articles, 1966-1969, 1975-1981, and correspondence concerning outside talks, A Casebook on Contract, Textbook of Roman Law, and The Institutes of Justinian.

This class consists of 152 volumes of personal records, both naval and mercantile. It does not include logs, which are primarily a record in tabular form of weather, navigation and shiphandling. The term 'diary' has been used to describe day-to-day entries which form a continuous personal record. The word 'journal' is more applicable as an individual's description of wider events, particularly those of the nineteenth century, are illustrated with sketches of scenes and coastlines. Of the six seventeenth-century volumes, the earliest is by Sir John Pennington ([1568]-1646), commanding a squadron 'for the gard of the Narrow Seas', 1632 to 1636. There is also the journal of Edward Barlow (b 1642), kept btween 1659 and 1703, published in abbreviated form, Basil Lubbock, ed., Barlow's Journal (London, 1934, 2 vols); the journal of the Reverend Henry Teonge ([1621]-1690), kept on two voyages to the Mediterranean, 1675 to 1679, published in full, G E Manwaring, ed., The Diary of Henry Teonge (London, 1927); the journal of Sir John Narbrough (1640-1688), kept during 1672 and including an account of the battle of Solebay and also the dimensions of his ship, the PRINCE. Seventeenth-century trade is represented by a journal kept on board the STREIGHTS MERCHANT, 1684 to 1686, on a voyage to the Persian Gulf. The earliest of the eigteen eighteenth-century journals is a copy of that of Admiral Sir Geirge Rooke (1650-1709), kept while in command of the English and Dutch fleets, 1700 to 1704, during the period of the battles of Vigo Bay, 1702 and Malaga, 1704. (See O Browning, ed., Journal of Sir George Rooke (Navy Records Society, 1897).) A journal of the same period is that of Vice-Admiral John Baker (1660-1716) kept in the Mediterranean from 1709 to 1711. Later eighteenth-century volumes include a detailed journal of the second siege of Quebec, 1775, by an anonymous author; 'A journal of the war in America' by Admiral Sir George Collier (1738-1795), a personal account in Collier's own hand of the operations off New England and Nova Scotia in 1776, and an illustrated lowerdeck journal by Daniel Woodhouse (fl. 1780-1812), kept on board the AMERICA, 1781 to 1783, including an account of the battle of the Chesapeake. An unusual item is a book of menus for 1781 compiled by John Guliver, steward to Admiral Robert Digby (1732-1815) on the PRINCE GEORGE. The eighteenth-century voyages of circumnavigation are represented by an account of Anson's voyage, 1740 to 1744, by Laurence Millechamp. (This is reproduced in full in Glyndwr Williams, ed., Documents relating to Anson's voyage round the World (Navy Records Society, 1967).) There is also a contemporary copy of the journal of Captain (later Vice-Admmiral) John Byron (1723-1786) kept during his voyage of circumnavigation in the DOLPHIN, 1764 to 1766. (This has been published in full in Robert E Gallagher, ed., Byron's Journal of his circumnavigation, 1764-1766 (Hakluyt Society, 1946).) The first voyage of Captain James Cook (1728-1779) in the ENDEAVOUR, 1768-71, is covered by an unsigned copy of his own journal written in a variety of hands. His second voyage, in the RESOLUTION, 1772-5, is covered by two journals; the first is a copy signed and amended by Cook and the other is a narrative for the years 1772-3 by Richard Pickersgill (1749-1779), the Third Lieutenant. Although this was written retrospectively it includes many details not mentioned by Cook. (These volumes were used by J C Beaglehole, ed., The voyage of the Endeavour, 1768-1771 (Hakluyt Society, 1955) and The voyage of the Resolution and the Adventure, 1772-1775 (Hakluyt Society, 1961), although the main text was taken from the journals in Cook's own hand in the National Library of Australia and in the British Library.) Among the sixteen items for the Revoluntionary and Napoleonic Wars are notes and sketches made in the PEGASUS at the Glorious First of June, 1794, by the marine artist, Nicholas Pocock ([1741]-1821), bound.

Papers relating to his service in Hedjaz (Hejaz), 1916-1919, dated 1916-1919, 1936, 1963, 1939, 1941, 1963, 1965, principally comprising official correspondence relating to operations against the Turks in Hedjaz, 1916-1918, and supplies and stores for bases at Rabegh, Wedj, Yenbo, Akaba and Abu Lissal, 1916-1918, and including letters to and from Thomas Edward Lawrence (laterShaw), Col Cyril Edward Wilson, Gen Sir Gilbert Falkingham Clayton, and Lt Col Alan Geoffrey Charles; correspondence and notes concerning the meeting between Emir Feisal (later Feisal I, King of Iraq) and Dr Chaim Weizmann on 4 Jun 1918, dated [1918] and 1963;typescript text on the history and future of the Arab movement, [1919]; scripts concerning his service with Lawrence in Hedjaz, 1916-1918, written for television broadcasts in 1939 and 1941; official reports on bomb attacks on the Hedjaz railway by X Flight and No14 Sqn personnel, 1917-1918; official reports of reconnaissance flights by X Flight and No 14 Sqn, 1917-1918; diary by Capt H S Hornby describing raids on the Hedjaz railway, May 1917 and May 1918; account by Lt Col Frederick Gerard Peake of Turkish attack on Tafas,Sep 1918, dated 1965.

Records of Jude Hanbury and Company Limited, brewers, including accounts ledgers and financial reports from the 1940s through the the 1960s along with earlier corporate correspondence dating from the 1920s and 1930s which includes the agreement between Jude Hanbury and Mackeson for the purchase of freehold property in 1934.

Papers, 1734-1906, collected by the solicitors in the course of their work, comprising deeds and legal documents relating to properties in Ashford, Brentford, Harrow and Teddington.

Marriage registers for Junction Road Congregational Church, Upper Holloway, 1907-1977.

Records of Justice and Pattenden, solicitors, 1849-1935. Records of the firm include day books, letter books, bill books and one account book. Clients' papers include deeds relating to property, mainly in London and family and estate papers.

Records of the publishers of the journal Justice of the Peace. The records comprise memorandum and articles of association, directors' and annual general meetings minutes, annual reports and accounts, agreements and correspondence.

The first part of the collection consists of correspondence, notes, drafts and revised translations for Kabdebo's edition of translations of the poems of Attila József. The second part of the collection consists of 19 letters and manuscript poems for inclusion in 'UCL Poetry 1969', a poetry seminar workshop, edited by Kabdebo.

Papers compiled by Otto Kahn-Freund, 1941-1965, comprising newsletters, pamphlets and reports from organisations including the following: the Union of German Socialist Organisations in Great Britain; Jewish Socialist Labour Party; Socialist Vanguard Group; Union of Democratic Control; Arbeitswohlfahrt Gross-Britannien and the Palestine Labour Political Committee.

Kalline Tea Company Limited records comprise: memorandum and articles of association, 1926-48 (Ms 27771); and accounts, 1927-71 (Ms 27772-4).

A collection of deeds, wills and other documents including a declaration of trust, leases, a licence and a banquet invitation.

Records of Kasintoe Rubber Estates Limited, including articles of association, circulars to shareholders and annual reports.

Papers, 1871-1872, collected by the solicitors in the course of their work, comprising an abstract of title for The Woodside, Two Chimney House and properties and freehold lands adjoining Finchley Lodge; and plan of freehold building estate known as Torrington Park, Woodside, Finchley.

Papers of Charles Ferdinand Keele, c 1865, comprising a volume of notes taken at lectures given by Sydney Jones (1831-1913), and John Flint South (1797-1882), on topics such as comparative anatomy (Jones), and fistula in ano, dislocations, and fractures (South); and case notes, possibly relating to patients of St Thomas' Hospital.

The papers contain Keith's extensive correspondence, diaries (1908-1954), reports on work as conservator annual (1931-1934) and quarterly reports (1928-1932), talks, drafts of publications, unpublished manuscripts; drawings, notes on visits to Siam, Egypt and America.