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In 1627 John Marshall, a gentleman resident in Axe Yard (now Newcomen Street), Southwark, left property in trust for various charities, including the erection of a new church. This was to be called Christ Church, and was to be built in a part of Saint Saviour's Parish in which the population had increased significantly. Money was also left to pay for a minister, provide university scholarships for poor Southwark students, and hold a weekly lecture. Instructions were given that the remainder of the money should be used for "the Mayntenance and Continuance of the sincere preaching of God's most holie Word in this Land for ever". Under this section of the will the Charity made grants to poor clergy and now contributes grants towards the provision of housing for the clergy.
The 1855 Marshall's Charity Act allowed the Trustees greater freedoms, including the right to make grants towards the construction of new churches. A later Charity Commission Scheme gave them the power to make grants towards the restoration and repair of existing churches in Kent, Surrey or Lincolnshire.
For more information see the charity website at http://www.marshalls.org.uk/history.html (accessed July 2010).