London Fire Engine Establishment x Metropolitan Fire Brigade x London Fire Brigade

The London Fire Engine Establishment was created and maintained by the principal fire insurance offices of London. It was formed in 1832 "with a view to the better protection of the property and lives of the inhabitants of the Metropolis, and its vicinity". Although a private body with no official standing, it was recognised as the public fire service for the London area. However, the Tooley Street fire of 1861 and the expansion of London caused both the fire offices and the Government to reconsider the arrangements for fire protection in London. This led to the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act of 1865 and the eventual division of fire extinguishing and salvage work. The Act made fire extinguishing the responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works and the Metropolitan Fire Brigade was created to fulfil this function from 1 January 1866. The London County Council inherited the responsibility in 1889.