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The Industrial Orthopaedic Society was founded and first registered as The Allies Hospital Benevolent Society in 1915 (Friendly Society number 1483) to treat wounded French soldiers in Normandy during the First World War. In 1919 the society was renamed The Industrial Orthopaedic Society and the head office moved from 10 Duke Street, Adelphi, Westminster to the Manor House, Hampstead Heath near Golders Green where a new hospital was built.
The Society governed the Manor House Hospital as well as additional sites which included Ivy House Recovery Hospital, Inverforth House Women's Hospital, Industrial Diseases Medical Institute and rehabilitation centres including at Clapham Park, Bedford, Bedfordshire and Elton Hall, Stockton-on-Tees. The Society's hospitals continued to be run privately and independently after the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948.
As a benevolent society, the organisation was supported by subscriptions from members working in the heavy industries, where risks of industrial accidents in the workplace were high. Subscriptions also came from their contributing firms and trades unions across the United Kingdom. By paying a weekly subscription, members were eligible for specialised treatment in the Society's hospitals for conditions caused by industrial accidents involving the musculoskeletal system. In addition to orthopaedic treatment, general surgical treatment for the membership and dental and optical treatment was provided for members and their families. Individuals who were treated worked in mines, quarries, railways, factories, harbours and docks as well as construction and shipping. A network of Area Councils and District Committees in industrial regions was established to promote the Society's work and receive subscriptions.
The society later became a registered company, the Industrial Orthopaedic Friendly Society Limited and traded in 1990s as 'Manor House Healthcare'. In 1996 the company was incorporated under the Friendly Societies Act 1992 as Manor House Friendly Society Limited (registration number 457F). In that year the company's registered office remained at Manor House Hospital, North End Road with its head administrative office at Hillside, 151 North End Road and branch offices in Derby, Derbyshire; Hove, Sussex; Leeds, Yorkshire; London; Luton, Bedfordshire; Neath, West Glamorgan, Wales; and Sunderland.
Manor House Hospital closed in 1999 and the offices moved to Stag House, Old London Road, Hertford, Hertfordshire where they remained until 2004. The hospital site was demolished and redeveloped by Octagon Homes as 'Manor Heights', a luxury gated estate with 16 large town houses and 33 apartments.
In 2000 the company's trading name became Simplyhealth and in 2002 Simplyhealth merged with the Hospital Saving Association Limited (HSA) based in Hambledon House, Waterloo Court, Andover, Hampshire with the aim to provide businesses healthcare products in their provision of employee healthcare. The merger added private medical insurance business to HSA's portfolio. In 2004 it was announced that Simplyhealth would change its brand to HSA.