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The Institute of Laryngology and Otology (ILO) was established on the Gray's Inn Road site in 1946 as one of the Federated Postgraduate Institutes of the University of London. These Institutes were set up to undertake specialised research, teaching and training and were associated with the appropriate specialist hospitals. The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital (RNTNE) was the companion hospital for the ILO. In Aug 1987 the ILO was incorporated into University College London (UCL), although the name was protected by statute. The incorporation brought significant advances in terms of co-operation with other departments in UCL but changed the status from independently funded Postgraduate Medical Institute to that of a university department with quite different funding strategies.