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Thomas Chalmers: born in Scotland, 1780; influential theologian, preacher and philanthropist; DD; held the Chair of moral philosophy in the University of St Andrews, 1823-1828; held the Chair of theology in the University of Edinburgh, 1828-1843; Principal and Professor of divinity in the New College (of the Free Church), Edinburgh; delivered an influential course of lectures in London, 1838; a reformer, advocating self-government in the Christian church, and engaged in controversy on the subject resulting in the formation of the Free Church in Scotland, of which Chalmers was elected first moderator; devised, as means of support for the disestablished church, the sustentation fund, based on a contribution from each member of a penny a week, which was successful; worked to address the many poor in Scottish cities who attended no church; died, 1847. Publications: various works on theology, Christinity, Scripture and philosophy published during his lifetime and posthumously.