The Imperial Maritime Customs (later called the Chinese Maritime Customs) collected customs duties from foreign ships at treaty ports and administered port facilities on behalf of the Chinese government. It was managed and staffed mainly by foreigners, largely British.
Antoine Fizes was a physician from Montpellier.
May Matilda Hartle was born in Worcestershire on 16 September 1891. In 1901, at the age of 12, May moved to London. Her first job was working at a Chinese laundry on the Barking Road. In 1909, May married Archibald Flack and moved to Limehouse, East London. During the late 19th Century and early 20th Century, Limehouse had a large Chinese community. May set up a boarding house for foreign seamen and became a very prominent figure in the area. She saw first hand many of the changes to London's Chinatown in Limehouse.
In 1932, The People newspaper picked up on her story and proclaimed her the 'White Woman Ruler of Chinatown'. The story of her life in Chinatown was serialised weekly in the Sunday People.
May Flack died in 1954.
Born, 1646; Education: Derby School; Jesus College, Cambridge; MA (Lit. Reg. 1674)
Career: Left school because of an attack of rheumatism (1662); travelled to Ireland in search of a cure; went to London (1670) where he met Henry Oldenburg (FRS date) and Sir Jonas Moore (FRS date), who became his patron; ordained (1675); first Astronomer Royal (1675-1719), he used his own instruments, which were removed by his widow after his death; Vicar of Burstow, Surrey (1684); a perfectionist, he was reluctant to publish his observations unless they were perfect, which led to conflict with Newton and Halley. On 12 December 1709 Queen Anne appointed a Board of Visitors of the Royal Observatory made up of the President and Council of the Royal Society, authorizing them to demand a copy of each year's observations, to direct what observations should be made, and to examine the observatory's instruments. Flamsteed's vigorous objections and refusal to co-operate further on the publication of his star catalogue and observations led to an incomplete version being published by Halley in 1712, which he condemned. After the accession of George I Flamsteed was able to buy up 300 of Halley's unsold copies, and after removing the sextant observations which he had previously approved and reserving some copies to display their errors, he burnt the rest. His observations were published to his very high standards posthumously in 1725 edited by his wife Margaret, and his 'Atlas Coelestis' in 1729, where the editor was again his wife with Crosthwait and Sharp responsible for the technical side; died, 1719.
Richard Flatter was born in Vienna in 1891. He was well-known as a translator of Shakespearean sonnets and plays, and was the author of several works on the subject. Flatter emigrated to England in 1938, and was later deported to Australia, where he was held in an internment camp. Following the end of World War Two, Flatter lived in the USA before returning to Vienna in 1953. He died in 1960.
Flaxman was born in York on 6 July 1755. He was a sickly child, but showed a great aptitude for drawing. He spent his early life in London and attended the Academy Schools. He became known as a sculptor and draughtsman, with interests in art, architecture, engineering, construction, naval architecture and surveying. In 1787 he fulfilled a cherished ambition of travelling to Rome where he stayed until 1794, when he returned to London, a famous artist. In 1810 he was appointed Professor of Sculpture in the Academy. He died in 1826.
Born, 1913; educated at Westmount High School; Queen's University, Canada; metallurgist with Canadian goldmining companies, 1936-1941; Royal Canadian Air Force navigator, 1941-1946, Flight Lieutenant, 1943; Lecturer, 1946-1951, Senior Lecturer, 1951-1958, Reader, 1958-1961, Professor of Mineral Technology, 1961, Head of Department of Mining and Mineral Technology, 1967-1974, Royal School of Mines (Imperial College); Dean, 1968-1971, Pro-Rector, 1974-1979, Imperial College; Head of Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, 1979-1980, Royal School of Mines (Imperial College); mineral processing consultant to governments, mining companies, 1946-; Chairman, Mineral Processing Committee, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and Ministry of Technology, 1959-1966; Chairman, Advisory Panel, British Coal Utilization Research Association, 1961-1966; member, Committee on Overseas Geology and Mining, 1962-1963; Chairman, Advisory Panel, British Coal Utilization Research Association, 1961-1966; member, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Council, 1962-1983, Vice-President, 1968-1971, President, 1971-1972; British representative, Scientific Committee, International Mineral Processing Congress, 1963-1982, Chairman, 1973-1975; Honorary Associate, Royal School of Mines, 1966; Governor, Imperial College, 1968-1980; member, Council of Mining and Metallurgy Institutions, 1969-, Vice-Chairman, 1971-1976, Chairman, 1976-; Court of Governors, Camborne School of Mines, 1971-1982; member, Committee on Mineral Planning Control, Department of the Environment, 1972-1975; Chemicals and Minerals Requirements Board, Department of Industry, 1972-1975; Council of Mining and Metallurgy Institutions, 1969-, Vice-Chairman, 1971-1976, Chairman, 1976-; Professor Emeritus, 1980; Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Gold Medal, 1981; Fellow of Imperial College, 1982; died, 1982.
Publications: include: Mineral Technology-Progress and Problems (London, [1962]) [Imperial College of Science and Technology Inaugural Lecture]; Identification of Mineral Grains with Meurig Powell Ones (Elsevier Publishing Co, Amsterdam, 1965).
Ambrose Fleming studied physics and mathematics at University College London and later studied chemistry at the Royal College of Chemistry. In 1877 he was an undergraduate at St John's College Cambridge, where he studied under James Clerk Maxwell. In 1881 he was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Physics at University College Nottingham and in 1883 became a Fellow of St John's College Cambridge. In 1884 Fleming was invited to give a course of lectures on electro-technology at University College London and the following year became the first Professor of Electrical Technology there. Fleming was associated with the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company as scientific adviser from 1899. In 1904 he patented his rectifying valve. In 1926 he resigned his Professorship at University College London. Fleming was knighted in 1929. He was awarded the Ruddell Medal by the Physical Society in 1931, the Franklin Medal by the Franklin Institute, USA, in 1935, and the Kelvin Medal by the three Engineering Institutions of Great Britain in 1935.
The Bedell at the Royal College of Physicians was (and still is) the custodian of College property.
[Malcolm Flemyng, M.D.; his lectures were published in the form of a text-book An Introduction to Physiology, London 1759.] Flemyng, who was a pupil of Boerhaave and Monro Primus, taught physiology in London in 1751-1752. (He died in 1764.)
Charles Montague Fletcher, the son of Sir Walter Morley Fletcher (see PP/WMF), was born in 1911. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge, and was in the team that won the University Boat Race in 1933. He studied medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital where he graduated in 1937.
Whilst at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, as a house physician and research student to Professor Leslie Witts, Fletcher was involved in the early clinical investigations of penicillin. He administered the first injection of penicillin to a human patient in 1941. His name appears on the tablet in the penicillin memorial rose garden outside Oxford Botanical Gardens.
He joined the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit in South Wales as Director in 1945 until 1952. It was here that he became aware of the differences in interpreting the same chest x-rays by different observers - "observer error". To ensure better standardisation he designed a semi-quantitive scoring system which is now used worldwide. For his work on pneumoconiosis he was awarded the CBE in 1952.
In 1952, Fletcher wished to return to general medicine. Sir John McMichael invited him to join as a consultant physician and a reader in clinical epidemiology (1952 - 1973) at the Postgraduate Medical School at Hammersmith Hospital, where he later became Professor (Emeritus) of Clinical Epidemiology, 1973 -1976. He spent 20 years studying the history of bronchitis and emphysema, and showed conclusively that chronic bronchitis sufferers would improve if they stopped smoking rather than take antibiotics.
From 1958 until 1965 he presented the BBC series Your Life In Their Hands and Television Doctor, 1969-1970. He continued as a medical advisor with the BBC until 1972. He was criticised by the medical profession for giving information to patients concerning their illnesses as it was deemed as harmful to the patient.
Fletcher was instrumental in founding Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) (see SA/ASH) and was their first chairman (1971 - 1978) and later their president (1979 - 1995). In April 1995 he gave an account of the early years of ASH to the symposium "Ashes to Ashes".
He retired in 1976, spending much if his time in the Isle of White. He died on 15 Dec 1995 after suffering a stroke.
Eric George Molyneux Fletcher began his career as a solicitor. He was the member of London County Council for Islington South, 1934-1949; Labour MP for Islington East, 1945-1970. He served as Minister without Portfolio, 1964-1966; and, Chairman of Ways and Means and Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons, 1966-1968. He was created Baron Fletcher of Islington (life peer) in 1970. Baron Fletcher was also a governor of the LSE.
Fletcher was educated at University College London and the Royal Academy. He won the Architectural Association Medal for Design in 1888. He was a Lecturer and then Assistant Professor at King's College London, lecturing on architecture. He was also an Examiner to the City and Guilds of London Institute. From 1901 to 1938 he was an Extension Course Lecturer at London University. He then became a partner in the firm of Banister Fletcher & Sons. Fletcher was knighted in 1919. He published some professional text books on architecture. He died on 17 August 1953.
Sir Walter Morley Fletcher, KBE, CB, FRCP, FRS (1873-1933), was a physiologist.
Flinders joined the Navy in 1790 and went on the second bread-fruit voyage in the PROVIDENCE from 1791 to 1793. On his return, Flinders went to the BELLEROPHON and was present at the battle of the First of June 1794. He then served in the RELIANCE, taking the new Governor to New South Wales and used the opportunity to explore the coastline firstly in the TOM THUMB and then in the FRANCIS with the surgeon, George Bass (d c 1812). They charted the coast of Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) between 1798 and 1799 in the NORFOLK and proved that it was an island. On his return home in 1800 Flinders convinced Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820) of the need to chart the whole of Australia; he was promoted to commander and sent out in the INVESTIGATOR, 1801, with a team of scientific assistants. While surveying the southern coast of Australia as far as Port Phillip (the site of Melbourne), Flinders encountered the French ships LA GEOGRAPHE and LA NATURALISTE which were also engaged in charting the continent. He later travelled northwards, amplifying and correcting the work of Cook, but had to abandon his work in 1803 as the INVESTIGATOR appeared to be rotten. On his return voyage to England he was detained at Ile de France (Mauritius) by the French governor there and held prisoner for over six years. He was released in 1810 and survived only long enough to complete and publish, in 1814, his Voyage to Terra Australis. Flinders also made an important contribution to the knowledge of the variation of the mariner's compass. Among the many biographies written about Flinders, the latest is by James Decker Mack, Matthew Flinders (London, 1966).
Born in 1890, Henry Flint gained a M.Sc. From the University of Birmingham before being enlisted in the Royal Garrison Artillery from 1915-1918. Following World War One, he was successively Assistant Lecturer in Physics at Cardiff University, 1919-1920, Lecturer in Physics at Reading University College, 1920, and Lecturer in Physics at King's College London, 1920-1926. Whilst at King's College, Flint gained his D.Sc. from the University of London, and went on to become Reader in Physics at King's from 1926-1944. In 1930 he gained a Diploma in Medical Radiology and Electrology from Cambridge University, and began work as a Clinical Assistant in the Radiology Department of Westminster Hospital, later becoming Consultant Physicist to Westminster Hospital and King's College Hospital. Flint was appointed Professor of Physics at Bedford College, University of London, in 1944, a post he held until 1956. He died in 1971.
The Hospital opened as the 'Hospital for Invalided Gentlewomen' in 1850, and was renamed following Florence Nightingale's rise to prominence in the mid-1850's. She was Chief Superintendent at the Hospital in 1853.
As well as providing medical care to women who were recommended to the hospital as having insufficient means to pay for their own treatment, though being of good character, the hospital managed properties in the Lisson Grove area and elsewhere in London.
Born in Adelaide, Australia, 1898; educated at Kyre College, Adelaide, St. Peter's Collegiate School, Adelaide, and Adelaide University Medical School; worked his passage to England as ship's surgeon to take up a Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University, 1921-1922; did research work at the invitation of Charles Sherrington at Oxford, 1923; subsequently medical officer to the third Oxford University Arctic Expedition; John Lucas Walker Student, University of Cambridge, 1924; Rockefeller Travelling Fellow in America, studying microsurgical techniques, 1925; Freedom Research Fellow, London Hospital, 1926; Huddersfield Lecturer in Special Pathology, University of Cambridge, 1927; Fellow, Gonville and Caius College; Director Medical Studies, Gonville and Caius; began to study lysozome (discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1922), 1929; Joseph Hunter Professor of Pathology, University of Sheffield, 1932-1935; Professor of Pathology, University of Oxford, 1935-1962; Fellow, Lincoln College, Oxford, 1935; continued research on lysozome, leading to the development of use of penicillin by 1942; Nuffield Visiting Professor to Australia and New Zealand, 1944; involved in the foundation of the Australian National University, Canberra, especially with the design and organisation of the John Curtin School of Medical Research; Knight, 1944; Provost of Queen's College Oxford and resigned Chair of Pathology, 1962; Chancellor of the Australian National University, 1965; received many honours and awards both nationally and internationally; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1941; received the Royal Medal, 1951; gave the Croonian Lecture, 1954; Vice President of the Royal Society, 1951-1953; President, 1960-1965; Nobel Prize (Physiology or Medicine) jointly with Ernst Chain for his work on penicillin, 1945; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1951; Honorary Fellow, Lincoln College, Oxford, 1962; Lister Medal, Royal College of Surgeons, 1945; Berzelius Medal in Silver, Swedish Medical Society, 1945; Albert Medal, Royal Society of Arts, 1946; Medal in therapeutics from the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries, 1946; Royal Society of Medicine Gold Medal, 1947; USA Medal of Merit, 1948; British Medical Association Gold Medal, 1964; Lomonosov Medal, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1965; Life Peer, 1965; appointed to the Order of Merit, 1965; married, firstly, 1926, Mary Ethel Hayter Reed (d 1966), 1926; married, secondly, Mrs Margaret Jennings, daughter of T F Fremantle, 3rd Baron Cottesloe, 1967; suffered from angina, and died of a heart attack, 1968.
Marie Jean Pierre Flourens was born at Maureilhan, near Béziers, in 1794. He studied medicine at Montpellier, and he received the degree of doctor in 1823. He went to Paris in 1824, carrying an introduction from A P de Candolle, the botanist, to Georges Cuvier, who received him and took an interest in him. In Paris he engaged in physiological research. He gave a course of lectures on the physiological theory of the sensations, at the Athénée, in 1821. He became a member of the Institute, in the division "Economic rurale", 1828. He became Cuvier's substitute as lecturer on human anatomy at the Jardin du Roi, in 1830, and was elected to the post of titular professor, in 1832, which he vacated for the professorship of comparative anatomy created for him at the museum of the Jardin the same year. He was appointed a perpetual secretary of the Academy of Sciences in 1833. He was returned as a deputy for the arrondissement of Béziers, in 1838. He was elected, in preference to Victor Hugo, to succeed J F Michaud at the French Academy in 1840. He was created a commander of the legion of honour in 1845, and a peer of France, in 1846. Flourens drew the attention of the Academy of Sciences to the anaesthetic effect of chloroform on animals, in 1847. He withdrew completely from political life in the Revolution of 1848, and accepted the professorship of natural history at the College de France, in 1855. He died at Montgeron, near Paris, in 1867.
Philip William Flower lived at Furzedown, Surrey. He was married to May, daughter of Jonathan Flower. Their son Cyril Flower was born in 1848. He became a Liberal MP and from 1892 a Liberal peer as Lord Battersea. He was married to Constance de Rothschild, but died childless in 1907.
Born, Stratford-on-Avon, 1831; educated, University College London; studied medicine and surgery at Middlesex Hospital; MD, 1851; medical service at Scutari, 1854; Assistant Surgeon, Lecturer in anatomy and curator of the museum, Middlesex Hospital; Curator, Hunterian Museum, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1861-1884; Hunterian Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, 1870; member of Council, 1862-1899, President, 1879-1899, Zoological Society; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1864; President, Anthropological Institute, 1883-1885; Director of the Natural History Museum, 1884-1898; died, London, 1899.
Publications include: Diagrams of the Nerves of the Human Body, exhibiting their origin, divisions and connections (London, 1861); An Introduction to the Osteology of the Mammalia: being the substance of a course of Lectures delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1870 (London, 1870); Introductory Lecture to the course of Comparative Anatomy, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, February 14, 1870 (London, 1870); Catalogue of the Specimens illustrating the Osteology and Dentition of vertebrated animals ... contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons (1879); The Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. (Address, etc.) [1879]; Races of Men [1880]; A general guide to the British Museum. Natural History (1887); The Horse: a study in natural history (1891); An introduction to the study of Mammals, living and extinct with Richard Lydekker (A & C Black, London, 1891); Essays on Museums and other subjects connected with natural history (Macmillan & Co, London, 1898).
The firm of Flower, Ridehalgh and Company, stockjobbers, first appears in directories in 1938. They were situated at 5 (later 4/5) Copthall Court, and in 1964 moved to 120 Moorgate. The firm disappears from the directories in the late 1960s.
Born Blackburn, Lancashire, 1924; educated at Bishop Gore Grammar School, Swansea; read physics and electronics at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; joined the Anglo-Canadian Atomic Energy Project in Canada, at the University of Montreal, 1944, and Chalk River, Ontario, 1945; joined the Nuclear Physics Division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, 1946; working on the measurement of the thermal cross-section of tritium and devising a method of measuring the photodisintegration of the deuteron; transferred to the Theoretical Physics Division at Harwell, 1948, undertaking work on nuclear reactions; conducted research at the Department of Mathematical Physics, University of Birmingham, 1950-1952, working largely on problems of nuclear structure relating to the nuclear shell model, in collaboration with AR Edmonds; awarded a DSc by the University of Birmingham, 1953; Head of the Theoretical Physics Division at Harwell, 1952; Chief Research Scientist, 1958; Professor of Theoretical Physics, University of Manchester, 1958; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1961; Langworthy Professor of Physics and Head of Department, 1961-1972; member of the Advisory Council on Scientific Policy, 1962-1964, and Council for Scientific Policy, 1965-1967; Chairman of the Computer Board for Universities and Research Councils, 1966-1970; knighted, 1969; Chairman of the Science Research Council (SRC), 1967-1975, ensuring United Kingdom participation in the 300 GeV project at CERN and the SRC's establishment and development of the Engineering Board; Rector of Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, 1973-1985; President of the Institute of Physics, 1972-1974, and the European Science Foundation, 1974-1980; Chairman of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 1973-1976, and the Standing Commission on Energy and the Environment, 1978-1981; life peer (Baron Flowers of Queen's Gate in the City of Westminster), 1979; founder member of the Social Democratic Party, 1981; front bench spokesman on issues relating to science, education, energy and the environment until 1989; Chairman of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals, 1983-1985; Vice-Chancellor of the University of London, 1985-1990; Chairman of the Nuffield Foundation, 1987-1998; Chairman of the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, 1989-1993; President of the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee, 1993-1997; Chancellor of the University of Manchester, 1994.
Publications: On the Fast Neutron Cross Sections, etc, (Harwell, 1949); Properties of Matter, (Wiley, Chichester,1970), with Eric Mendoza; An Introduction to Numerical Methods in C++, 1995; various articles for scientific periodicals.
Born, 1852; educated, Charterhouse -1869; appointment in the Indian Telegraph Service, on the Perso-Baluch coast of the Persian Gulf, 1869-1876; explored the interior of Baluchistan, 1876; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1876-1903; Inspector General of Egyptian Telegraphs; surveying expedition in the Egyptian desert, 1887; commander of another expedition in the Egyptian desert, 1891; died, 1903.
Born 1861; educated Clifton, Bristol, Gloucestershire, 1875-1880, Brasenose College, Oxford, 1880-1884, Royal Military College, Sandhurst, 1884-1885; commissioned into 7th Queen's Own Hussars, 1885; Lt, 1885; Adjutant, 1888; Capt, 1891; served in Sudan, including Atbara and Khartoum, 1898; Chief of Staff to Brevet Lt Col Robert George Broadwood, Egyptian Cavalry; Brevet Maj 1898; served in Second Boer War, South Africa, 1899-1902; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, Cavalry, Natal, South Africa, 1899; Chief Staff Officer to Maj Gen John Denton Pinkstone French during the Colesberg operations, South Africa, 1899; Assistant Adjutant General, Cavalry Division, 1900-1901; Lt Col, Commanding Officer, 17th (Duke of Cambridge's Own) Lancers, 1901-1903; Brevet Col, 1902; Aide de Camp to HM King Edward VII, 1902-1904; Inspector Gen of Cavalry, India, 1903-1906; Maj Gen, 1904; Director of Military Training, Headquarters, British Army, 1906-1907; Director of Staff Duties, Headquarters, British Army, 1907-1909; Director of Staff Duties, War Office, 1907-1909; Chief of Staff, India, 1909-1912; Chief of General Staff, India, 1909-1912; Lt Gen, 1910; created KCIE, 1911; General Officer Commanding, Aldershot, 1912-1914; Aide de Camp to HM King George V, 1914; Gen, 1914; General Officer Commanding 1 Army, British Expeditionary Forces (BEF) in France and Flanders, 1914-1915; Commander- in-Chief of British Armies in France, 1915-1919; appointed GCB, 1915; appointed GCVO, 1916; Lord Rector, St Andrews University, Scotland, 1916-1919; FM, 1917; created KT, 1917; Commander-in-Chief Forces in Great Britain, 1919-1920; Col of Royal Horse Guards, King's Own Scottish Borderers, and 14th County of London Bn (London Scottish), The London Regt, Territorial Army, 1919-1928; Chairman of the Council of the United Services Fund, 1921-1928; President British Legion, 1921-1928; Chancellor of St Andrews University, Scotland, 1922; died 1928.
Unknown
Foley entered the Navy in 1770 and after early service in Newfoundland and the West Indies was promoted to lieutenant in 1778. During the American War he saw service in the Channel, North America and the West Indies. In 1782 he was promoted to commander and in 1790 to captain. After a period on the Home Station, he was Flag-Captain in the BRITANNIA at the battle of Cape St Vincent, 1797, and in the GOLIATH he led the Fleet into action at the Nile, 1798. In 1800, Foley was appointed to the ELEPHANT in the Channel Fleet, going later to the Baltic, where he served at the battle of Copenhagen, 1801. Foley 'was then ill and unfit for service for several years until his appointment as Commander-in-Chief in the Downs from 1811 to the peace, 1815. He had been promoted to rear-admiral in 1808, became a vice-admiral in 1812 and in 1825 an admiral. In 1830 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief at Portsmouth, where he served until his death. There is a privately printed biography by John Beresford Herbert, The life and services of Admiral Sir Thomas Foley, G.C.B., Rear-Admiral of Great Britain (Cardiff, 1884).
Eldest son of Martin Folkes, a solicitor, and Dorothy his wife; attended University of Saumur, France; entered Clare Hall Cambridge to study mathematics, 1706; matriculated, 1709; MA, 1717; interested in coins; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, 1719; lost Presidency of Royal Society to Sir Hans Sloane, 1727; succeeded to the Presidency following Sloane's retirement, 1741; under his Presidency the Society's meetings became very 'literary', and the Society lost much of its professional character; Folkes's papers to the Philosophical Transactions concentrated on astronomy; despite the criticisms, Folkes was elected to the 'Academie des Sciences' in succession to Edmund Halley, 1742; following his publication Table of English Gold Coins published at his own expense, his Table of Silver Coins from the Conquest was published by the Society of Antiquaries, 1744; the Tables were much consulted by antiquaries; President of the Society of Antiquaries from 1750 until his death; his communications were on Roman antiquities and coins; when his health failed, he resigned from his office at the Royal Society; died, 1754.
Eldest son of Martin Folkes, a solicitor, and Dorothy his wife; attended University of Saumur, France; entered Clare Hall Cambridge to study mathematics, 1706; matriculated, 1709; MA, 1717; interested in coins; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, 1719; lost Presidency of Royal Society to Sir Hans Sloane, 1727; succeeded to the Presidency following Sloane's retirement, 1741; under his Presidency the Society's meetings became very 'literary', and the Society lost much of its professional character; Folkes's papers to the Philosophical Transactions concentrated on astronomy; despite the criticisms, Folkes was elected to the 'Academie des Sciences' in succession to Edmund Halley, 1742; following his publication Table of English Gold Coins published at his own expense, his Table of Silver Coins from the Conquest was published by the Society of Antiquaries, 1744; the Tables were much consulted by antiquaries; President of the Society of Antiquaries from 1750 until his death; his communications were on Roman antiquities and coins; when his health failed, he resigned from his office at the Royal Society; died, 1754.
No further information.
No information available at present.
The Food (War) Committee was founded in 1915 to act as a scientific advisory body to government bodies regulating food policy, trade and distribution, and rationing schemes in the food shortage of WWI. Composed of eminent biochemists, physiologists, agricultural scientists and economists, headed by William B Hardy, Secretary of the Royal Society. Prominent members include physiologists A D Waller, D Noel Paton, E P Cathcart, F G Hopkins, and W M Bayliss; agriculturalists T H Middleton, and T B Wood, and economist William J Ashley.
The Committee undertook pioneering work in researching dietary requirements, arriving at the minimum calorie needs to maintain a body at rest, and investigating the calorie requirements of different classes of workers. They advised against rationing of bread and developed distribution schemes based on sound science. Most of the correspondence deals with these research interests and policy advice.
Topics addressed include diet and mental work, scurvy and beriberi, nitrogen in the diet, early work on vitamins, and investigation of alternate food sources such as soya beans, cocoa butter, banana chips, and saccharine [MS/527/2]. The most successful scheme involved a public campaign to collect horse chestnuts to use in producing acetone for munitions manufacture, so that cereals usually used for this purpose could be saved to increase the nation's supply.
Sir Dingle Foot (1905-1978) was educated at Bembridge School, Isle of Wight, and Balliol College, Oxford. He was President of the Union, 1928. From 1931 to 1945 he was Liberal MP for Dundee, 1931-45. In 1930 Dingle Foot was called to the bar (Gray's Inn), 1930. He was Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Economic Warfare, 1940, and a member of the British delegation to San Francisco Conference, 1945. Dingle Foot left the Liberal party and joined the Labour party in 1956. He was Labour MP for Ipswich, 1957-1970. He became Solicitor-General and was knighted, 1964. His publications include: "British Political Crises" (1976) and "Despotism in disguise" (1937).
Alexander Kinloch Forbes was an Indian civil servant and historian of Gujarat.He was the author of Râs Mâlâ.
Born, 8 May 1749, sailed in March 1765 for Bombay as an East India Company writer; appointed member of council at Anjengo, 1772; officiated as chaplain, 1775, later secretary, attached to British forces sent to assist Raghunath Rao in the Maratha civil wars; embarked for England, 1 December 1775; returned to India, 1777; returned to England, 1784; elected to the Society of Antiquaries, 1801; fellow of the Royal Society, 1803; died, 1819.
Publications: Oriental Memoirs Reflections on the Character of the Hindoos (1810)
Letters from France (2 vols., 1806)
Admiral John Forbes (1714-1796) was the second son of George Forbes, 3rd Earl of Granard. He entered the Royal Navy at a young age, and had risen to the rank of Rear Admiral by 1747. in 1749 he was created Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean. As a Lord of the Admiralty, Forbes refused to sign the death warrant of Admiral John Byng in protest at the harshness of the sentence, and as a consequence of this disagreement with his colleagues retired from the Board of Admiralty on 6 April. He was reappointed on 29 June 1757. Created a Vice Admiral in 1755, Forbes became an Admiral of the Blue, 1758, General of Marines, 1763, Admiral of the White, 1770, and Admiral of the Fleet, 1781. He also published a Memoir of the Earls of Granard (1868). He died in 1796. Admiral John Byng (1704-1757) was court-martialed, convicted and sentenced to death in 1757, following an abortive attempt in 1756 to to relieve the British garrison in Port Mahon, Menorca, from French forces. He was executed by firing squad on the deck of HMS Monarch on 14 March 1757.
James Ford was a mining engineer and colliery agent, often working as a consultant. Working in the Midlands and having premises in Doncaster, Newark, and Mold (Wales) between the early 1900s and the late 1920s, he claimed to be the first man to discover the oil strata in England while superintending coal borings in Kelham, Nottinghamshire, in August 1911, at which time he was in a syndicate with Maurice Deacon and C R Hewitt, and advising The Newark Collieries and The Newark Coal and Oil Company. These borings also provided evidence for the eastern extension of the Nottinghamshire Coalfield. The discovery does not appear to have amounted to anything at the time, though oil was later extracted from the area in the 1940s.
In the mid-1920s he became part of a company named the Lincolnshire Coal Boring Syndicate, which had plans to bore for coal and build a power station nearby, thus minimising the expense needed to transport the coal to the power station and resulting in cheap electricity production.
He was a member of the Midlands chapter of the Institution of Mining Engineers (now part of IOM3), and a Fellow of the Geological Society between 1911 and 1936.
No information available at present.
Michael Scott Montague Fordham: Born, 1905; Trinity College Cambridge, 1924; St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1927; Junior Medical Officer, Long Grove Mental Hospital Epsom, 1932; Fellowship in Child Psychiatry, London Child Guidance Clinic, 1934; Consultant post to help evacuee children in hostels in the Nottingham area, 1942; helped set up a proposed training centre for analytical psychology, 1942; Appointed consultant to the Child Guidance Clinic at the West End Hospital for Nervous Diseases, 1946; first editor of Journal of Analytical Psychology, 1955; Founder Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatry, 1971; died, 1995.
Frieda Fordham:
Born Winefride Rothwell on 23 Feb 1903. She first pursued a career as a dancer, but in 1920 married Percy Campbell Hoyle, by whom she had two sons. Following the end of this marriage, she studied at the London School of Economics and trained as a psychiatric social worker. Working in that capacity at the London Child Guidance Clinic, she met Michael Fordham, whom she married in 1940. She later trained as an analytical psychotherapist. Her publications included the much reprinted (and translated into several languages) An Introduction to Jung's Psychology (Penguin, 1953), widely regarded as a classic text on this subject. She was also responsible for the famous opening words of the BBC radio programme 'Listen with Mother' - 'Are you sitting comfortably? Then I'll begin'. After a decade of increasing ill-health, she died on 7 Jan 1988.
Born, 1854; educated at home, at private schools, and at University College, London; member of the Geological Society, 1873; life member of the British Association, 1876; published several papers on the geology, natural history, and botany of Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire, 1874-1892; family brewery at Ashwell, -1882; called to the bar by the Inner Temple, 1885; chairman of the Cambridgeshire County Council, 1904-1919; gradually became interested in the study of cartography and established his reputation as one of the foremost authorities in Europe on cartography and allied subjects; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1924-1929; gold medal of the Brussels Geographical Society, 1929; died, 1929.
Born, 1736; educated at Aberdeen and Edinburgh; moved to London, where he began to lecture on chemistry and medical subjects; physician at St Thomas's Hospital; died, 1802.
Born, Aberdeen, 1736; educated, school at Fouran, University of Aberdeen; trained with his his uncle, Dr John Fordyce of Uppingham, [1851-1855]; medical student, University of Edinburgh, 1855; M D, 1758; studied anatomy under Albinus at Leyden, 1759; commenced a course of lectures on chemistry, 1759; added courses on materia medica and the practice of physic, 1764, and continued to teach for nearly thirty years; licentiate of the College of Physicians, 1765; Physician, St Thomas's Hospital, 1770-1802; Fellow, Royal Society, 1776; 'speciali gratia' fellow of the College of Physicians, 1787; important part in compiling the new 'Pharmacopeia Londinensis,' issued 1788. assisted in forming a Society for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge, 1793; died, 1802.
Publications include: Elements of Agriculture and Vegetation, [Edinburgh, 1765]; Elements of the Practice of Physic third edition (J Johnson London, 1771); A Treatise on the digestion of food (London, 1791); A Dissertation on Simple Fever, or on fever consisting of one paroxysm only (J Johnson, London, 1794); A second dissertation on fever; containing the history and method of treatment of a regular tertian intermittent (London, 1795); A third dissertation on fever Containing the history and method of treatment of a regular continued fever, supposing it is left to pursue its ordinary course (London, 1798-99); A Fourth Dissertation on Fever. Containing the history of, and remedies to be employed in irregular intermitting fevers (J Johnson, London, 1802); A fifth dissertation on fever, containing the history of, and remedies to be employed in, irregular continued fevers edited by W C Wells (J Johnson, London, 1803).
Daniel Jarvis gained an M. D.
George Fordyce: born, Aberdeen, 1736; educated, school at Fouran, University of Aberdeen; trained with his uncle, Dr John Fordyce of Uppingham, physician, [1751-1755]; medical student, University of Edinburgh; MD, 1758; studied anatomy at Leyden under Albinus, 1759; began a course of lectures on chemistry in London, 1759; added courses on materia medica and the practice of physic, 1764, and continued to teach for nearly thirty years; licentiate of the College of Physicians, 1765; Physician, St Thomas's Hospital, 1770-1802; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1776; 'speciali gratia' fellow of the College of Physicians, 1787; assisted in the compilation of the new Pharmacopeia Londinensis, issued 1788; assisted in forming a Society for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge, 1793; died, 1802.
Publications include: Elements of Agriculture and Vegetation [Edinburgh, 1765]; Elements of the Practice of Physic third edition (J Johnson, London, 1771); A Treatise on the digestion of food (London, 1791); A Dissertation on Simple Fever, or on fever consisting of one paroxysm only (J Johnson, London, 1794); A second dissertation on fever; containing the history and method of treatment of a regular tertian intermittent (London, 1795); A third dissertation on fever Containing the history and method of treatment of a regular continued fever, supposing it is left to pursue its ordinary course (London, 1798-1799); A Fourth Dissertation on Fever. Containing the history of, and remedies to be employed in irregular intermitting fevers (J. Johnson, London, 1802); A fifth dissertation on fever, containing the history of, and remedies to be employed in, irregular continued fevers Edited by W C Wells (J Johnson, London, 1803).
Born, Aberdeen, 1736; educated, school at Fouran, University of Aberdeen; trained with his his uncle, Dr John Fordyce of Uppingham, [1851-1855]; medical student, University of Edinburgh, 1855; M D, 1758; studied anatomy under Albinus at Leyden, 1759; commenced a course of lectures on chemistry, 1759; added courses on materia medica and the practice of physic, 1764, and continued to teach for nearly thirty years; licentiate of the College of Physicians, 1765; Physician, St Thomas's Hospital, 1770-1802; Fellow, Royal Society, 1776; 'speciali gratia' fellow of the College of Physicians, 1787; important part in compiling the new 'Pharmacopeia Londinensis,' issued 1788. assisted in forming a Society for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge, 1793; died, 1802.
Publications include: Elements of Agriculture and Vegetation, [Edinburgh, 1765]; Elements of the Practice of Physic third edition (J Johnson London, 1771); A Treatise on the digestion of food (London, 1791); A Dissertation on Simple Fever, or on fever consisting of one paroxysm only (J Johnson, London, 1794); A second dissertation on fever; containing the history and method of treatment of a regular tertian intermittent (London, 1795); A third dissertation on fever Containing the history and method of treatment of a regular continued fever, supposing it is left to pursue its ordinary course (London, 1798-99); A Fourth Dissertation on Fever. Containing the history of, and remedies to be employed in irregular intermitting fevers (J Johnson, London, 1802); A fifth dissertation on fever, containing the history of, and remedies to be employed in, irregular continued fevers edited by W C Wells (J Johnson, London, 1803).
Born, Aberdeen, 1736; educated, school at Fouran, University of Aberdeen; trained with his his uncle, Dr John Fordyce of Uppingham, [1851-1855]; medical student, University of Edinburgh, 1855; M D, 1758; studied anatomy under Albinus at Leyden, 1759; commenced a course of lectures on chemistry, 1759; added courses on materia medica and the practice of physic, 1764, and continued to teach for nearly thirty years; licentiate of the College of Physicians, 1765; Physician, St Thomas's Hospital, 1770-1802; Fellow, Royal Society, 1776; 'speciali gratia' fellow of the College of Physicians, 1787; important part in compiling the new 'Pharmacopeia Londinensis,' issued 1788. assisted in forming a Society for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge, 1793; died, 1802.
Argentine forces invaded the Falkland Islands on 2 April 1982. A British Task Force was despatched on 3 April, the first troops landing at San Carlos Bay on 21 May. Argentine forces surrendered on 14 June following fierce land, sea and air battles.
These materials were collected by the Research Department of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Some of the materials were obtained for the Department by staff at the British Embassy in Warsaw.