Papers of William Singer Barclay, 1901-1918, comprise diaries, 1901-1918, of residence and travel in Uruguay, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina Ecuador and Colombia; reports on the Misiones region, 1904-1907 and miscellaneous notes and news cuttings from a variety of sources concerning South America.

The collection consists of minutes of management meetings, 1974 - 1994; membership lists; internal correspondence; external correspondence concerning the reactions of the public to the productions; correspondence regarding funding; copies of scripts written by members of the company and outside authors; audition notes and CVs; correspondence and accounts relating to tour arrangements; tour reports; posters and programmes for productions; photographs, video cassettes and loose film reel of productions; promotional material; newspaper cuttings relating to specific productions and Gay Sweatshop in general; theses based on Gay theatre.

Papers, mainly relating to the publication of Corn and Poppies (E. Matthews, London, 1890), comprising letters, 1890-1901, to Cosmo Monkhouse from various discussing his poetry, notably William Blackwood, publisher and editor of Blackwood's Magazine, Edward Onslow Ford, Edmund Gosse, Hugh Stewart, Alfred Monkhouse, John Trivett Nettleship, L Solon, Richard Garnett, Alice Boyd, J M Davies, James Brander Matthews, E J Smilie, James Rustin, George Chester, M Eliot Hodgkin, S H Boughton, Walter Ashley, B Jowett, M J Linton, Edmund C Steadman, H D Cobban, J Foxhunter, George H Ellwanger, Rt Hon Anthony John Mundella, President of the Board of Trade, Alsager Hay Hill, Gertrude Vores, Agnes Elton, Violet (Vernon Lee) Paget, Euterpe Fraies, Alfred Earl, and William Sharp (pseudonym of Fiona Macleod); two signed illustrations for Corn and Poppies by William Strang, [1890]; a manuscript poem by Monkhouse about the Swan Inn at Littleworth, 22 May 1893. Biographical material for Monkhouse, including a typed copy of Sydney Lee's memoir, first published in the Athenaeum, 27 Jul 1901; a photocopy of an article by Edmund Gosse entitled 'Cosmo Monkhouse as an art critic', Art Journal, 1902; notes concerning the donation of the collection to Bedford College Library, [1964-1965].

Manuscript and typescript drafts, preliminaries and proof copy of Murder has a pretty face (Macmillan, London, 1981).

Files of correspondence, 1907-1968, notably from Elsie Butler; Henry Handel Richardson; Professor Lizzie Susan Stebbing, Professor of Philosophy, Bedford College; Mary Bosquanet; Mona MacDonald; Margaret E Atkinson; Professor James Gibson, Emeritus Professor of Logic and Philosophy, University College of North Wales; Dame Lillian Margery Penson, Professor of Modern History, Bedford College; Elizabeth Mary Middleton; Margaret Deanesly, Professor of History at (successively) Royal Holloway College and Bedford College; Phyllis Hartnoll; George Bing [rel to Prof Gertrud, Director of Warburg Institute?]; Professor Herbert Norman Howells, Emeritus Professor of Music, University of London; Dr Thomas Cecil Hunt, Consulting Physician at St Mary's Hospital Paddington; Hannah Margaret Mary Closs; JE Dobson; and Elizabeth Kydd. This section also contains correspondence relating to the Reichel Concert Trust, 1949-1966, Purdie's retirement, 1962, the decision to admit men to Bedford College, 1963-1964, and the death of Professor Dame Lillian Margery Penson, 1963-1967. Diaries, 1930-1953 and address book, 1962; testimonials, 1907-1933; newspaper cutting, 1914-1967; photographs of Purdie, her family and friends, [1890-1968]; papers relating to Purdie's memorial service, 1968; miscellaneous publications, 1939-1964, including a copy of German life and letters, vol XVI, 1963, a special edition presented to Purdie.

Papers relating to the careers of Kathleen and Geoffrey Tillotson, 1690-2001 comprise Records of Kathleen Tillotson (KT)'s teaching and administration in the English Department at Bedford College 1929-1971, with correspondence with members of staff and former students 1935-1994; records of her research and writing, including relations with publishing houses, 1932-1995; records of her work as specialist adviser to Government, the British Academy, the British Federation of University Women and others on honours and awards, to universities on appointments and promotions, to publishers on proposed works, etc, 1955-1995; correspondence with and references for fellow scholars, 1929-2001; records of her work with literary societies including the Wordsworth Trust and the Tennyson Society, 1961-2000; personal records including diaries, 1920, 1930s, 1961-2001, correspondence with friends and family, [c.1916]-2001; records, memorabilia and reminiscences of her upbringing and education, in Berwick-upon-Tweed and at Quaker Schools in Yorkshire.

Records of Geoffrey Tillotson (GT)'s teaching at University College, London, 1931-1941, and Birkbeck College, London, 1940s-1960s; records of his academic research and writing, 1932-1969, including notes and drafts for his Victorian volume of the 'Oxford History of English Literature'; poems and short stories; personal records including diaries, 1916-1969, correspondence with friends and family, 1930s-1960s; reminiscences and correspondence from the writing of the British Academy memoir of him by Mary Lascelles.

Kathleen Tillotson's 'old family papers', letters, journals and photographs, 1776-1916, inherited from her father's family, the Lambs of Belfast, and her mother's family, the Davidsons of Fritchley, Derbyshire, including copies of documents relating to history of the Society of Friends, such as Joseph Haughton's account of the 'preservation' of Quakers during the 1798 uprising in Ireland.

Bound manuscript copy of Harraden's article 'A Californian story', first published in Blackwood's Magazine, [and later published in book form as Two health-seekers in Southern California (Lippincott Co, Philadelphia, 1897)]; manuscript of sections of Out of the wreck I rise (Thomas Nelson and Sons, London, 1912); pen with which Harraden wrote Ships that pass in the night (Lawrence and Bullen, London, 1893); handwritten biographical notes on Harraden.

Personal diaries, 1906-1910, mainly concerning day-to-day life at Royal Holloway College.

Records of CHARD, 1913; the Tennis Club, 1889-1914; the Browning Society, 1890-1907; Hockey Club, 1890-1904; the Shakespeare Society, 1908-1945; the Lambeth Association, 1891-1939; the Science Discussion Society, 1892-1936; the Sharp Practice Society, 1896-1906; The Christian Union (later Student Christian Movement), 1900-1936; the Swimming Club, 1899-1938; the Boat Club, 1905-1944; the Fencing Club, [1935]; the Ping Pong Club, [1936]; the '47 Society, 1957; the Poetry Society, 1963-1964; and the Savoy Opera Society, 1970-1971.

Langford Price papers, [1947]: 'Part II: Memories and Notes on British Economists, 1881-1947' apparently unpublished: typescript draft, with numerous manuscript alterations and corrections, and clean typescript of Price's recollections of British economists and statisticians prefaced with a brief autobiographical account. The text comprises 4 chapters: Introduction; Cambridge; Economists; Oxford Economists and Others; Statisticians and Conclusion.

Papers of Anthony Blunt, 1700-1983, comprising papers relating to Nicolas Poussin, notably files relating to his paintings, drawings and engravings, arranged by subject categories and containing notes, correspondence, articles, sales catalogues and illustrations (photographs, colour transparencies, slides, photocopies, prints, lithographs, engravings) of the named picture, details of the picture, variant versions (usually copies after), and in many cases, plates printed for the Poussin catalogue raisonné, 1824-[1983]; notes and illustrations relating to comparative material relevant to Poussin, including sculpture, 1700-1972; works by the circle of Poussin, [1938-1983]; drawings by the Poussin 'school', [1966-1977]; copies of letters by Poussin, and related notes, including photographs of letters from the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, [1964-1967]; notes, transcripts and letters relating to sales of works; correspondence with colleagues relating to Poussin's paintings and drawings, [1940-1982], notably Denis Mahon, 1960-1962, Walter Friedlander, 1944-1966, Erwin Panofsky, 1960-1961; notebooks, [1962-1965] and loose notes relating to Poussin; correspondence with Elizabeth Mackenzie (Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford), 1962-1982; offprints of various authors relating to Poussin; miscellaneous material relating to Poussin, [1940-1982], including a photocopy of his will;
papers relating to French art, notably notes, photographs and articles relating to French paintings, sculpture and architecture of the 16th-19th centuries, [1938-1977]; typescripts, note and correspondence relating to Chantelou's diary, [1980-1983]; papers, articles and illustrations relating to a publication by Ronald Cohen concerning the Le Nain Brothers, [1982]; articles relating to the Louvre, [1978];
papers relating to Italian art, notably notes, illustrations and articles relating to Italian Baroque architecture and sculpture, [1953-1982]; Borromini, [1956-1980]; Pietro da Cortona, [1966-1982]; notes, plans, photographs and papers relating to buildings and sculpture in Naples [1954-1981]; notes relating to Palermo, [1967]; typescripts, photographs, notes, correspondence and reviews relating to Blunt's A Guide to Baroque Rome;
articles by Blunt concerning the Royal Collection, 1972, and colonial architecture; plans, photographs, notes and review relating to a catalogue of Waddesdon Manor, [1974-1982]; correspondence, 1970-1983, largely concerning paintings and publications; articles by various authors, 1975-1982; offprints by Blunt, [1932-1982]; newspaper cuttings, 1929-1983; correspondence with publishers, 1972-1983; photographs, correspondence and articles relating to Blunt's personal collection, [1960-1982]; personal papers, [1932-1978], including appointment diaries, 1972-1978; papers from Blunt's school and university days, 1919-1930, including notes, articles, school and university magazines; papers relating to a trip to Russia, comprising notes on paintings, drawings and architecture,1935, two guidebooks, 1931, 1934.

Papers of Sir Augustus Wall Callcott, 1786-1837, comprising travel journals and papers largely from Callcott's honeymoon in Europe in 1827-1828, notably including lists, descriptions and sketches of pictures from various art collections visited in Italy, Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia.

Papers of and relating to James Duffield Harding, 1819-1996, comprising annual diaries which include notes on the weather, art lessons given, photography, family birthdays and marriges, financial details, 1828-1861 (not all years are covered);
journals, some including a few sketches, recording journeys to the North of England, 1827, Llandough, Glamorgan 1828, France and Italy, 1830, the Continent, 1832, 1844, 1856; accounts, 1823-1863, including lists of pupils with accounts of fees paid, 1832-1837; lists of subscribers to Sketches at Home and Abroad, 1836; sales of pictures and income from lessons, 1845-1846; daily expenditure diary, 1856;
miscellaneous papers including manuscript entitled Remarks on Water Colouring, 1819; passport to France, 1845; letter offering Harding a teaching post, 1846; poem by Mrs Valentine Bartholomew, inspired by a picture by Harding, 1848; manuscript of the 'Use of the Brush etc', possibly printed (in part) in Lessons in Taste; undated notes on "Objects", their form and function, and art; undated extracts from various items including a paper on Coleridge; an Essay on Taste by Oliver Goldsmith; Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding; items (title page and vignettes) from Harding's book Sketches at Home and Abroad, 1836; lists of the collection, by the Reverend A A Duffield Harding [1953]; James Duffield Harding 1797-1863: A Centenary Memoir, by Charles Skilton, 1963.

Papers of Johannes Wilde, 1916-1995, comprising files of working papers including notes, (manuscript and typescript), sketches, correspondence, photographs, lectures and slidelists, 1916-1965. Wilde meticulously wrote out the text of his lectures each time he gave them, making it possible to trace the evolution of ideas from the earlier to the later versions of the same piece.

Working papers relating to Michelangelo, 1922-1965, (the largest section of material in the collection) including general life and work, specific works including the Sistine Chapel, the Pieta, Cartonetti, 'Christ before Pilate'; his relationship with other artists, including Leonardo, Vasari, Raphael, Sebastiano; his drawings, including notes for a short survey of drawings, lectures, and a summary catalogue; his work in Florence, notably the façade of the Church of San Lorenzo, including correspondence with James S Ackerman concerning his book, The Architecture of Michelangelo (A Zwemmer, London, 1961), the Medici chapel and tombs, including lecture of Michelangelo's designs for the tombs, the Sagrestia Nuova, including draft chapter of its history, various works in the Palazzo Vecchio, the Hall of the Great Council, the Sala del Consiglio Grande, 'the Battle of Cascina', 'Victory', 'Leda', including correspondence concerning the publication of an essay, 1957; the Papal Tombs in Rome, the Marcus Aurelius statue in the Piazza del Campidoglio, Rome, the Sistine Chapel, Rome, the 'Battle of Angiare'; note and transcripts of Michelangelo's letters [now at the British Museum and Oxford]; notes on Michelangelo's drawing methods and early drawings;
list and notes of Wilde's new students [1948], catalogue entries for the catalogue of drawings at Windsor Castle, 1953;

notes relating to other artists, 1949-1962, notably Giotto, Leonardo da Vinci, Vasari, Masaccio, Pierino da Vinci, Raphael, Giovanni Bellini, Mantegna, Corregio, Parmagianino, Daniele da Volterra, Sebastiano del Piombo, Marcello Venusti, Giorgione, Antonello, Jacopo de' Barbari, Giovanni de Busi Cariani, Domenico Fetti, Jacometto, Domenico Mancini, Jacopo Palma Vecchio, Tiepolo, Tintoretto, Titian, Dutch/ Flemish painting, including Wilde's MA thesis on Rembrandt, 1916; notes on the collection of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm known as the Theatrum Pictorium, teaching notes, miscellaneous articles and notes including Henry VIII monument, landscape painting, Vasari, Fontanellato;

travel journals, 1921-1957, including notes relating to Modena, Uffizi, Rome, and exhibitions;
correspondence, 1937-1970, including letters to Wilde thanking him for the gift of his British Museum catalogue; correspondence with Paola Barocchi, 1962-1963; Kenneth Clark, 1959-1964; James A Crabtree, 1964, relating to a Michelangelo drawing; Brigadier Roy Frank Johnson, 1954, relating to portraits owned by him and Count Antoine Seilern; Arthur Ewart Popham, 1941-1949, covering production of of the catalogue of Italian Drawings at Windsor castle; private matters, and including some of the travel permits Wilde required during the war; Count Seilern, 1964, 1970; Hugh Squire, 1960, relating to a drawing in his collection;
miscellaneous items including photographs of Wilde and colleagues, [1920s-1930s]; Johannes and Julia Wilde, [1960s]; one of Wilde's parties, undated; copies of speeches given by Wilde on his 60th, 65th and 70th birthdays and by Anthony Blunt at a party, 1961; copy of Peter Kidson's lecture 'The Recent Transformation of Art History', 1995; copies of the editorial and obituary of Wilde, from The Burlington Magazine.

Papers of Sir William Fletcher Shaw, 1906-1962, mainly relating to the history of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, including draft history of the foundation of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, drafted 1943-1946 and subsequently amended, 1943-1960; various drafts of chapters for the history; correspondence with Sir Boyd Merriman, Solicitor General, mainly concerned with the College's registration by the Board of Trade, 1929-1934; correspondence with William Blair-Bell, 1924-, with H Russell Andrews, 1926-1929, with Hempsons, Solicitors, 1926-1929, with Comyns Berkeley, 1925-1931, with Eardley Holland, 1928-1949, with J S Fairbairn, 1928-1929, with Victor Bonney, 1928-1929, with Ewen MacLean, 1926-1929, with Sir Francis Champneys, 1926-1929, with J M Munro Kerr, 1926-1945, with T W Eden, 1926-1929, with Lord Riddell, 1931-1933, with Carlton Oldfield, 1926-1929, with C G Lowry, 1927-1929, with F J McCann, 1927-1929, with AA Gemmell, 1927-1929;

papers preserved by Fletcher Shaw for their importance in the foundation of the College, including his earliest note on the subject, copies of GVS (Gynaecological Visiting Society) minutes, 1925-1927, counsel's opinion on the draft memorandum and articles of association with a copy of the draft, copies of the minutes of the Executive Committee, 1927, copies of correspondence and circular letters, 1927-1929, minutes of signatories and first full Council meeting, and other papers relating to the earliest activities of the College, 1924-1929;

typescript extracts from Fletcher Shaw's diaries including a letter to his son David (1940) explaining nature of their compilation and his wish to rival Blair-Bell's history, 1930-1943; typescript extracts from Fletcher Shaw's diary, 1930-1943,1947-1949,1953; correspondence with Sir Ewen Maclean on the presidency of Sir Eardley Holland and the early history of College, 1943-1946; minutes of Council with a few agenda and other papers, 1929-1935; draft memoirs of L C Rivett, J S Fairbairn, Russell Andrews, Sir Ewen Maclean, Sir Comyns Berkeley, Sir Eardley Holland, and Sir Francis Champneys, undated; file relating to the Standing Joint Committee of the three Royal Colleges, with later papers relating to Fletcher Shaw's account of the role of the RCS in the foundation of the College, 1942-1944; description and notes with related correspondence on the formation of a committee representing the medical profession in relation to the Beveridge Report, 1943; College's report on 'The health of women war workers from the gynaecological aspect' with associated papers and correspondence, 1942; papers relating to D W Roy and the Inter-Departmental Committee on abortion and Fletcher Shaw's later dispute with him, 1937-1938, 1940; correspondence relating to proposal to build RCOG, Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Surgeons on one common site, 1942-1943; correspondence with Sir Alfred Webb-Johnson, President, RCS, 1943-1946; personal correspondence of Shaw, 1951-1955; diary, 1938-1943;

papers relating to the College in wartime, and medical and maternity services in wartime, including the evacuation of pregnant women, 1938-1943, the College's relations with the BMA, 1938-1943, the College's relations with the RCP and RCS, 1939-1943, the appointment of gynaecologists to the armed services, Fulmer Chase Officers' Wives Maternity Hospitality, and women war workers, 1939-1943; correspondence with the Central Medical War Committee of the BMA, 1939-1941; papers and correspondence on infertility, 1944-1945;

various papers including an appeal for funds, 1932, standing orders for Council meetings, a paper on the drafting of the contentious clauses in the College's memorandum of association, Council papers relating to inter alia the Australian Regional Council, the Central Consultants and Specialists' Committee, Standing Joint Committee of the Three Royal Colleges memorandum on gynaecological cancer, and the National Birthday Trust Fund, programmes for Manchester Royal Infirmary Old Residents Club Dinners, 1910-1958; newspaper cuttings - one dated Feb 1907 re Manchester University students rowdy 'gown' debate mentioning Fletcher Shaw, the other confirming appointments at Manchester Royal Infirmary - Fletcher Shaw one of two house surgeons, c1907; copies of speeches, lectures and addresses made by Fletcher Shaw, 1938-1959; Fletcher Shaw's Memorial Service programme and transcription of address given at the service by Professor W I C Morris, 1961; obituary of Fletcher Shaw by E A Gerrard: 'The One Hundred and Second Record', 1962; copies of published gynaecological articles by Fletcher Shaw, 1906-1954.

Papers, 1970-1976, consisting of biographies of lives of the Fellows collected by Sir John Peel for his book The Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 1929-1969 (Whitefriars Press Ltd, 1976), including notes and correspondence.

Autobiography of Sir Norman Jeffcoate, c1985-1993, with loan copies and floppy disc from which the autobiography was prepared.

Letters by Harold Hugh Francis, 1994, relating to biographical inaccuracies concerning William Blair-Bell, gynaecologist, in Lives of the Fellows of the RCOG 1929-1969 (Whitefriars Press Ltd, 1975) and William Blair Bell - founder and father (c1986), both by Sir John Peel; anecdotes concerning Blair-Bell which were recounted to Mr Francis.

Manuscript essay on midwifery by Robert Gell, 8 Jul 1741.

Papers of Wilfred Goddard Bryant, 1905, 1909 and 1919, two travel diaries, with many postcards and a few photographs attached to pages; Journey to Switzerland, 20 May -10 June 1905, and a Week in Lucerne in July 1909, during which Bryant stayed in the Polytechnic Chalets at Seeburg; Journey to Northumberland, June 1919.

Typed transcript of a diary, Jul-Aug 1914, written by Dora Leba Lourie, recording a trip via Liverpool to London, Paris, Switzerland, and the return via Boulogne and Folkestone, recording hotels, sights, acquaintances and impressions, and including references to the outbreak and early stages of World War One. The trip to the continent was a tour arranged by the Polytechnic Touring Association of Regent Street Polytechnic. Also including addresses, accounts, and miscellaneous other personal notes.

Papers of Ludwig Bamberger, economist and politician, [1865-1900], comprise correspondence, and a pamphlet biography of Bamberger by Otto Hartwig.

This collection consists mainly of correspondence received by Harry Brittain. There are also autobiographical notes; speeches, press cuttings and photographs from such events and societies as the Imperial Press Conference (later Commonwealth Press Union), the Pilgrim Society, and various Exhibitions; and correspondence, notes, speeches and diaries relating to Sir Harry's travels to the United States of America, Canada, the Baltic, and South Africa.

Recollections and reflections of Sir David Harrel, privately circulated.

Photocopy of book containing medicinal and culinary recipes, compiled by Margaret Wynne (? of Wales).

A file of biographical papers on the lives of the early Fabians including: Charlotte Wilson. Edward Pease: notes on a meeting with Nicholas and Muriel Pease, 6 Jul 1973. Meeting with Mrs Amber Blanco White, 15 Feb 1972. Amber Blanco White interview, 21 Jun 1971. Margaret Harkness.

This collection consists of material relating to the principle functions of the Fabian Society. It includes correspondence; early papers and memorials; minutes and papers of the executive committee, the finance and general purposes committee and the home research committee; and material relating to lectures, publications, local societies, schools and conferences, groups and bureaux of the society, relations with the Labour Party, conferences, biographies of early members, and information gathered on electoral constituencies and issues in local government.

This collection consists of the personal and family correspondence of Sir Joshua Jebb, correspondence relating to prison matters, memoranda, accounts and papers relating to his work, printed material relating to prisons, family and personal papers and a family tree.

Papers and notes by Professor Lakatos on the philosophy of mathematics and science, including notes on Feyerabend, Kuhn and Popper; correspondence with many academics and philosophers; papers relating to the International Colloquium on the Philosophy of Science organised by Lakatos in 1965; and biographical material, desk diaries, press cuttings, and papers relating to student politics and the LSE 'troubles'.

Minute books, account books and annual reports; correspondence (mainly of Henry Tompkins and Donald Fincham as Secretary), with members, with other Positivists, Humanists and Historians, and concerning the August Comte Memorial Trust; notes and papers by Henry Tompkins, including a short autobiography, addresses on positivist subjects, and notes on books he had read; other positivist writings, including pamphlets, reports and the text of talks; and various ephemera and pictures, including photographs of members, broadsheets and programmes, typescripts of correspondence between August Comte and George Lewes, and notes on the history of the Society.

The collection consists of Jones and Donoughue's research notes and transcripts of interviews they conducted with Morrison's associates, and original documents and copies collected from various sources, the provenance of some of which is uncertain. The papers include material relating to Morrison's time as Lord President and Leader of the House of Commons, his speeches, publications by and concerning Herbert Morrison, the research notes and correspondence of Jones and Donoughue, interviews with Morrison's associates, original manuscripts and printed material, and copies of manuscripts and printed material held at Nuffield College, Oxford.

Papers created by or collected by Michael Oakeshott, c1880-c1995, notably include manuscripts of both published and unpublished works; notebooks and notes; personal correspondence with colleagues and family; press cuttings; administrative papers relating to his education and career. Also include papers relating to Oakeshott collected or created by Shirley Letwin and others, including research papers for Shirley Letwin's proposed biography of Oakeshott.

Papers of Beatrice and Sidney Webb, 1835-[1985], comprising the following: Diaries of Beatrice Webb, 1873-1943, including the original manuscript volumes and various typed transcripts, comprising a detailed account of her life and work, notably relating to the history of socialism in Great Britain. The volumes include entries concerning Charles Booth, the Fabian Society, the Labour Party, trade unionism, the suffrage movement, the LSE, local government, and communism, as well as descriptions of friends, colleagues and acquaintances. The diaries also include entries by Sidney Webb, mainly during their 'world tours' in 1898 and 1911 and a visit to the USSR in 1932. Correspondence, 1853-1947, including correspondence of the Potter family before Beatrice's marriage, 1862-1892, including letters of her parents, Richard and Lawrencina Potter, and her sisters, as well as correspondence between Beatrice and Herbert Spencer, Joseph Chamberlain, Charles and Mary Booth, Professor Alfred Marshall, and Auberon (Edward William Molyneux) Herbert; early correspondence of Sidney Webb, 1885-1892, notably with Graham Wallas and George Bernard Shaw; letters between Beatrice and Sidney Webb, 1890-1940, including material relating to their courtship, marriage, work and life together; general correspondence of the Webbs following their marriage, 1892-1947, with a wide range of correspondents including politicians, Fabians, historians, social scientists, and staff of the London School of Economics and Political Science; additional letters and photocopies of letters given to the Library after the deposit of the Passfield papers in 1949, 1888-1944, including correspondence with Edward Reynolds Pease, Charlotte Payne-Townshend (later Shaw), Professor William Alexander Robson, Mrs Lucia Turin, Herbert George Wells, Richard Burdon Haldane, Viscount Haldane, and Hubert Hall; later correspondence relating to the Webbs, [1970-1985], collated by Norman MacKenzie. Material concerning personal and private affairs, 1865-1948, including financial and legal papers of the Webbs and their families, 1873-1945, such as wills, probates, birth and marriage certificates and insurance policies; material relating to educational awards of Sidney and Beatrice, 1876-1945, as well as papers concerning his Barony; correspondence, legal and business papers concerning property, 1893-1948, including Passfield Corner; financial material, 1902-1947, notably banking correspondence and dividend vouchers; photographs, 1865-1947, mainly of the Potter family and Beatrice and Sidney Webb, and including several of George Bernard Shaw and his wife Charlotte. Material relating to political and public work, 1892-1948, including material relating to the London County Council, 1892-1907; papers concerning the Poor Law, 1909-1948, including the foundation of the National Committee for the Prevention of Destitution, and papers of the National Poor Law Reform Association; memoranda by Beatrice Webb on the administration of the Prince of Wales's Fund, 1914; documents from the International Socialist Congress of Vienna, 1914; material concerning Beatrice Webb's work on the Reconstruction Committee, 1917-1918, including letters from William Henry Beveridge, David Lloyd George and Christopher Addison, and committee papers; memoranda on war aims for the Inter-Allied Labour and Socialist Conference, 1918; political papers regarding Sidney Webb's candidature for the University of London in the general election of 1918, and his role as Labour MP for Seaham Harbour, 1920-1931; prospectus and notices of the Half-Circle Club, 1921; notes by Sidney Webb on the Labour Government of 1924; material concerning the living wage policy of the Independent Labour Party, 1926; political papers of Sidney Webb, 1929-1931, mainly concerning his role as Secretary of State for the Colonies in the Labour Government of 1929, and including a report on the legislative programme of the Parliamentary Labour Party, correspondence with Sir Edward William Macleay Grigg, Governor of Kenya, and notes on the political crises of 1931 and Webb's resignation; notes and drafts of an article by Beatrice Webb on the 1929 Labour Government, 1929-1931; memoranda by Beatrice Webb on Employment Insurance, 1931. Business papers concerning publications, 1890-1947, notably general correspondence between the Webbs and their actual and prospective publishers, 1890-1947; printed prospectuses, advertisements, book jackets, 1898-1941, for Industrial democracy, A constitution for the socialist commonwealth of Great Britain, The History of Trade Unionism, various volumes of English local government, The decay of capitalist civilisation, Methods of social study, and Soviet communism; manuscript notebooks, 1920-1947, mainly in Sidney Webb's hand, containing details of subscribers to English local government, and accounts connected with Webb publications. Printed, typescript and manuscript copies of lectures, interviews, speeches and talks by the Webbs, [1870]-1942, notably texts of lectures given by Sidney Webb at venues including the Working Men's College, the Argosy Society, the Sunday Lecture Society, the Fabian Society, the City of London College, and South Place Institute, 1883-1891, mainly relating to political economy and economic history; printed reports of interviews with Sidney and Beatrice Webb, and speeches and lectures by them, 1889-1942, on subjects including political economy, socialism, the London County Council, education, the USSR and trade unions; reprints and texts of lectures and talks by Beatrice Webb, 1906-1932, and Sidney Webb, 1900-1936, on the poor law, Herbert Spencer, social research, politics, and soviet communism; an album of press cuttings relating to Sidney Webb, 1887-1891. Articles, essays, published letters and reviews by the Webbs, 1877-1945, notably manuscript and typescript essays, 1877-1887, on marxism, economic theory, and social research; typescript copies of articles, 1912-1933, mainly relating to the Labour Party, politics and Soviet Russia; printed copies of articles by Beatrice and Sidney Webb, 1887-1942; published letters, 1897-1910, on trade unions, and destitution; notes and diary entries made by the Webbs during and after a visit to the Soviet Union, 1932; drafts and proofs of books by the Webbs, 1913-[1940]. Bibliographical material and research notes gathered by Beatrice and Sidney Webb during the production of some of their books, 1881-1948, including printed material, scrap books, biographical notes and index cards on subjects such as political economy, social conditions and local government in London, poor law, socialism, trade unionism, and the co-operative movement. Material relating to the Webbs' involvement with the Fabian Society, 1886-1947, including general material and lectures, 1888-1947; papers of the Fabian Research Department and the Labour Research Department, 1912-1929; papers of the New Fabian Research Bureau, 1936-1938; material regarding the Fabian Summer School, 1913-1926; papers concerning the Fabian Women's Group, 1914-1915; and material relating to the Fabian Colonial Bureau, 1946. Papers relating to the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1893-1924, comprising early material concerning the Hutchinson Bequest and Trust, 1893-1924, namely legal documents, correspondence and financial papers; correspondence, legal documents, accounts and maps regarding the foundation, early history and administration of LSE, 1895-1945, including letters from Sir William Henry Beveridge, Sir Alexander Carr-Saunders, William Albert Samuel Hewins and others; correspondence regarding library acquisitions, 1934-1935; material concerning LSE buildings, 1898-1903, including correspondence with architects and builders, accounts, maps and plans. Material concerning the New Statesman and the Statesman Publishing Company, 1912-1943, comprising papers relating to the foundation, financing and planned format of the journal, 1912-1913; correspondence with William Pember Reeves, Professor Charles Mostyn Lloyd, (Basil) Kingsley Martin, George Bernard Shaw, Edward Whitley and Ernest Darwin Simon, 1912-1943; financial material, 1913-1943, including banking correspondence, share statements, loan certificates, and circulation figures; material concerning the takeover of the Nation by the New Statesman, 1923; correspondence with Clifford Dyce Sharp relating to his resignation as Editor, 1924; transcripts of Beatrice Webb's diary relating to the journal, 1912-1928. Material published about Beatrice and Sidney Webb and the Potter family, 1869-1960, including press cuttings and short published reviews of published works by the Webbs, 1889-1960; photographs and notes relating to the Potter family, 1869-1947, including Richard Potter, Lady Kate Courtney, Sir Richard Durning Holt and Sir (Richard) Stafford Cripps. Papers of the Beatrice Webb relating to the government Reconstruction Committee, 1916-1918, mainly comprising memoranda, reports and letters concerning the work of the Machinery of Government Committee, with proposals concerning the reorganisation of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, the Board of Trade, the Department of Justice, the Board of Education, the Home Office and the civil service, as well as methods of controlling national expenditure; memoranda and reports of the Sub-Committee on Functions of Government Departments; and material created by the Control of Industry and Commerce Panel. Miscellaneous material, 1835-[1950], including items found loose in Beatrice Webb's diary, including the passport of Richard Potter, reports on trade unionism, conscientious objectors, wage regulation in World War One; a letter from Sir Oswald Ernald Mosely to Sidney Webb, enclosing a paper on unemployment and reconstruction, [1930]; cabinet papers on national expenditure and national insurance and pensions, [1930-1931]; material concerning agriculture in the Soviet Union; photographs, [1850]-1932, comprising a photograph album of Sidney Webb's parents, and pictures removed from Beatrice Webb's diary.

Business papers of George Bernard Shaw, 1872-1950, mainly comprising correspondence, royalty details, contracts, copyright notices and other financial material, including papers relating to the performance of Shaw's plays in the UK and abroad by professional and amateur companies, 1896-1950; material concerning Shaw's dealings with literary agents, publishers, translators and various regulatory bodies, 1899-1950; printed blank contracts regulating the production and performance of Shaw's work in the UK and abroad, 1900-[1950]; correspondence, contracts, statements of royalties and other papers relating to the translation, publication and performance of Shaw's plays in countries other than the UK, 1907-1950; correspondence and bills of Messrs Leighton-Straker, bookbinders, 1911-1949, and Messrs R & R Clarke, printers, 1908-1949, including details of texts, numbers ordered and cost per unit; papers relating to dealings with Constable and Company Ltd, publishers, [1919]-1950; material relating to dealings with Messrs Brentano, US publishers, 1889-1946, notably royalty statements, accounts of sales, copyright agreements, and other material related to the publication of Shaw's plays and literary works in the USA; correspondence between Shaw and Paul Reynolds, his literary agent in the USA, 1907-1922, including details of payments made to Shaw for various articles, the serialisation of his plays in magazines, and copyright details; correspondence and papers concerning Shaw's dealings with literary agents in other European countries, [1903-1949], notably relating to the translation, publication and performance of his works; papers relating to litigation about copyright in the USA, 1927-1950; material relating to legal actions brought by Shaw against various unauthorised central European productions and publications, 1906-1910; correspondence relating to the adaptation and filming of Shaw's plays, 1913-[1950], including material concerning the development of the British and Irish film industries and the funding, marketing and distribution of films; correspondence concerning broadcasting rights, 1949-1950, mainly of Shaw's talks and adaptations of his plays; papers relating to the translation of Shaw's works, 1904-1949, into Russian, Czech, French, German and Polish; correspondence, receipts and contracts relating to Shaw's personal finances, 1872-1950, including details of his insurance policies and investments, property, income tax in the UK and USA, bank statements, royalty payments, and the disposal of the estate of Charlotte Shaw; papers relating to property owned by Shaw in Ireland and at Shaw's Corner, 1920-1949; material concerning dealings with J N Mason and Co, solicitors, 1891-1948, including the post-nuptial agreement made between Shaw and his wife; bills and letters relating to the purchase and hire of motor cars, 1900-1950; engagement diaries, 1877-1950; personal and domestic bills and receipts, 1872-1950, including hotel bills collected by Shaw during tours of the UK and Europe; notebooks and ledgers containing records of royalty payments, 1898-1950; copies of letters from Charlotte Shaw, 1899-1936, including letters to Alys Russell and Blanche Patch, with photographs of Charlotte's family and friends; material given to the Library by users of the Shaw papers, 1961-1970, notably copies of The California Shavian, 1961-1962.

Papers of David Vasmer, 1971-2001, comprise papers regarding the Liberal Party and the Liberal Democrats, including documents relating to the merger, conference papers and publications. There are also files relating to the ALC (Association of Liberal Councillors), ASLDC (Association of Social and Liberal Democrat Councillors) and ALDC (Assocation of Liberal Democrat Councillors), including annual reports, minutes, artwork, and publications (such as circulars, leaflets and guides).

Papers of Martha Wooley, [1920-1990], comprising material collected by her for a biography of Sir Halford Mackinder.

Archives, [1957]-1996, of Africa95, including material from the festival administrators, producers and participants.

Various deposits, c1980-1996, on individual artists or on planning Africa95 include correspondence, printed material, photographs, and slides of the work of artists from Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and the USA.

Records of the central administration, 1991-1996, comprise planning papers and correspondence, 1991-1993; minutes of the Executive Committee, 1993-1995, Board of Trustees, 1995-1996, Funding Committee, 1993-1994, and Annual General Meeting, 1995; Chairman's correspondence, 1993-1996; research materials on non-western arts in Europe; Executive Council records, comprising correspondence, 1992-1995, reports received, 1993, 1995, and Trustees' report and financial statements, 1995; contracts, information and correspondence of the Co-ordinator, 1993-1994; International Council of Artists proposals, contact lists and correspondence, 1993-1994; brochures, 1993-1995; legal papers concerning incorporation, lease of premises, and charitable status, 1993-1995.

Records relating to arts management, 1980-1996, cover funding and sponsorship, 1993-1995; publicity, 1994-1995; press activity, 1994-1996, including cuttings; posters, 1993-1995; general administration, including personnel and finance, 1994-1995; arts organisations and other festivals, 1991-1995; subject files, 1985-1996, including exhibition catalogues on people and places including Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, the USA, and Zimbabwe; videos, 1980-1995, including artists and their work; publications and exhibition catalogues, 1980-1995, for Algeria, Angola, France, Korea, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and the UK.

Records relating to finance and development, 1991-1996, cover budgets and funding, companies and sponsorship, and Trusts.

Records on receptions and launches, 1993-1995, relate to events in various locations.

Records relating to Africa95 Nigeria, 1994-1995, include correspondence and photographs.

Records relating to arts events across the UK cover visual arts (photography, fine art, sculpture, calligraphy, metalwork, textiles, and architecture), 1991-1996; cinema, 1993-1995; music, including classical, traditional, gospel, world, jazz, reggae, and popular music [1957]-1996 (including videos, sound recordings and scores); performing arts, including dance, theatre, and puppetry, 1989-1996 (including videos); literature, including poetry, 1993-1995.

Records relating to other activities cover conferences on African arts, including events at the School of Oriental and African Studies, Royal African Society, and Courtauld Institute of Art, 1993-1996; education and young peoples' events, 1993-1996; international workshops and residencies, including events in Senegal, Zimbabwe, London, and Yorkshire, 1990-1996; television and radio, 1992-1995 (including sound recordings of programmes on Radios 1, 3 and 4).

Records relating to post-festival administration, 1994-1996, cover evaluation, celebratory concert, finance, and archive arrangements.

Records, 1880-1999, of the China Inland Mission schools originating in Chefoo, China, including school registers, 1880-1950, lists of teachers, school papers, and copies of the school magazine The Chefusian, 1928-1934. There is a run of the Chefoo Schools Association magazine Chefoo, 1916-1999, and minute books of the Association, 1908-1940, 1945-1960. Also includes notes on the history of the school and the China Inland Mission compiled by Fred H Judd in the 1950s, and a copy of the publication Chefoo School, 1881-1951, by Gordon Martin. Photographs illustrate early scenes of the school and missionaries. Material on the internment of the school during World War II includes sketches, pictures and poems.

Papers, 1887, 1920-1980s, of Eric and Edith Liberty, comprising letters received, 1947-1978; papers relating to Eric Liberty's funeral, 1971; notes, 1920-1979 and undated, including Bible and devotional notes, sermons, and autobiographical notes; articles, 1887, 1950-1952 and undated, including The Gospel Magazine; undated book of Chinese characters; three audio tapes, [1967], 1973 and undated, including a church service and sermons; China Inland Mission badge; undated chart comparing religious and agricultural calendars; undated posters and painted cloths, including Christian subjects; papers relating to Edith Liberty and her estate, 1980s; ten photograph albums and over 400 loose photographs, 1923-1973 and undated, the subjects including the Libertys and their family, congregations and churches, and places in Taiwan, the Philippines, China and Singapore.

Papers, 1911-1938, of and relating to Percy Cunningham Mather, comprising letters to Mather from various correspondents, 1911-1931; letters of condolence on his death, 1933; letters from Mather, 1911-1933, largely to his sister Edith, including his experiences in China; typescript letters from Mather in Chuguchak (Tacheng), Sinkiang (Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu), to prayer companions, 1930-1932, describing his impressions and activities; six journals, 1911-1917, recording his activities; articles by Mather in Young China, 1928-1929; articles on Mather's life, 1933, 1938 and undated.

Papers, 1914-1974, of Henrietta (Hettie) Withers, comprising correspondence and miscellaneous papers, 1936-1974 (mainly 1930s-1950s), including letters to her family, 1937-1941, letters from the China Inland Mission (CIM) London Council, 1947, and two booklets on the Emmanuel Home for the Homeless, Shanghai, 1939, 1945; diaries, 1915-1945 (some gaps), including typescript circular letters, 1927-1932, describing her work, activities and experiences in China, including references to the Sino-Japanese War and World War Two; notes, on talks given [post-1930], meetings addressed in Chefoo (Yantai), 1938-1939, and on Sisiang in Shensi province, undated; photographs and some watercolours, 1914-1965 and undated, the subjects including Chefoo, Miss Withers, other teachers, and children; passport, 1932, with endorsements for escorting children; typescript list of publications about CIM missionaries and readers' comments, 1960s-1970s.

Correspondence and papers, 1834-1950s, of and relating to David Livingstone, composed of three sub-collections.

Official London Missionary Society (LMS) papers of and relating to Livingstone, 1834-1872, largely comprise a series of over 100 original letters from Livingstone to his friends and to the LMS in connection with his work as an LMS missionary, mostly from southern Africa, the bulk dating from the 1840s and 1850s, and also include letters between other correspondents and miscellaneous other documents relating to Livingstone; 15 letters, 1852-1855, of Mary Livingstone (née Moffat), probably mostly directed to LMS officials, with typescript copies.

The LMS reference collection on Livingstone comprises typescript and manuscript copies of the LMS Livingstone letters; original letters relating to Livingstone, 1845, 1850; copies of other letters and documents by or relating to Livingstone, 1841-1881, held elsewhere, including a later copy of Livingstone's answers to LMS questions on becoming a missionary (1838); photocopy of Livingstone's Bechuana journal, 1853; two microfilms of materials on Robert and Mary Moffat and Livingstone; papers relating to Livingstone, 1850s-1950s, collected by the LMS, including copies of further LMS documents relating to him, typescripts, press cuttings and printed material on his life and fame and places associated with him.

The Bruce Livingstone collection comprises original letters, largely from Livingstone to Robert Moffat, 1844-1857, and photocopies of four letters, 1847-1853, from David Livingstone to Charles Livingstone.

Papers, 1850-1861, of Holloway Helmore, comprising correspondence, largely between the Helmore family and Robert Moffat and his family, also including letters from Roger Price; and Helmore's journal of the journey from Kuruman to the Zambezi River for the purpose of establishing a mission among the Makololo, 1859, with typescript copies. With a typescript biography on Helmore, including photographs.

Papers, 1819-1970, of and relating to Robert Moffat and his family, comprising letters sent by Robert Moffat to various correspondents, 1838-1883, the bulk dating from the 1870s and 1880s; notes for sermons, undated; undated sketch of a tree; autographed photograph; coloured print of the mission premises at Kuruman station, undated (used as the frontispiece of Moffat's Missionary Labours); papers of Mary Moffat (née Smith), including manuscript journal of her journey to South Africa, 1819 (perhaps a copy), and a typescript copy, receipt signed by her, 1840, and letter, 1842; papers relating to Moffat and his family, 1890s-1970, including correspondence, typescripts, and press cuttings, and a typescript genealogy of his descendants, 1930.

Papers, 1573, 1763-1932, of and relating to John Theodosius Van Der Kemp, comprising pages from his diary, 1763-1791; list of patients in a Dutch military hospital, 1793-1794; miscellaneous papers, 1801-1804; correspondence, 1802-1811, the subjects including missionaries, supplies, travel, and colonial policy and administration; various undated manuscripts in his hand, including medical notes and notes for sermons; his Bible (1573), comprising the Old Testament in Hebrew and New Testament in Greek; papers relating to his family, 1816-1817, 1849, including financial affairs; miscellaneous papers on Van Der Kemp and Bethelsdorp, 1826 and undated; a manuscript on the conversion and call of Van Der Kemp to missionary work and his voyage to the Cape [early 19th century]; manuscript copy of his autobiography, apparently translated by F G Hooper, 1820; a manuscript précis and extracts from his autobiography [early 19th century]; correspondence and papers, 1921-1932 and undated, on Van Der Kemp, relating especially to A D Martin's biography Doctor Vanderkemp, and including press cuttings and a photograph of his grave.

Papers, 1772-1840, of and relating to John Campbell, concerning his family, life and work and comprising miscellaneous papers, including certificates and handbills, 1772-1829; miscellaneous correspondence, 1784-1818; correspondence on Campbell's death, 1840; notes for sermons, 1826 and undated; notes on Campbell from the Dictionary of National Biography and genealogy, undated; original sketches from his South African travels, 1813 and undated, and illustrations from his published accounts of his travels, 1815, 1822; proof copy of An Account of the London Missionary Society, c1823; a tract, A Brief Comparison ... of Popery and Protestantism [author unknown; after 1791], with a notebook cover containing odd notes, undated; notebook containing diary entries on an London Missionary Society (LMS) deputation to Norfolk, 1806; New Testament (Edinburgh, 1802) inscribed by John Campbell, 1803, and with a note by him, dated 1839, describing how he preached from it extensively, from Orkney to Cornwall and at the Cape of Good Hope; a tract for children, Cuff, the Negro Boy [by John Campbell, undated].

Papers, 1892-1904, of William Harwood Nutt, concerning his time with the London Missionary Society at Fwambo and Kambole in Central Africa, and comprising letters, 1892-1896, to and from his family and other correspondents; notes on supplies, 1892-1894; journals, 1892-1896, including notes on trips; meteorological registers, 1893-1895; surgical and medical records, 1894; three official papers on African affairs, 1895-1896; manuscripts, notes, and sketches, including maps, on Central Africa, its people, customs and beliefs, climate and topography; photographic negatives and prints of people and scenes; manuscript papers by Nutt on native treatment of disease in Central Africa, 1904.

Correspondence and papers, 1831-c1905, of and relating to James Legge, comprising correspondence, largely manuscript and typescript copies (some later than the originals) of letters, 1831-1897, to and from Legge, the correspondents including his wife Hannah and other family members, also concerning the Anglo-Chinese College, Malacca, and its successor the Anglo-Chinese Theological Seminary, Hong Kong; sermons, mainly manuscript but including some printed, preached in Hong Kong, including the Union Church, and England, c1837-1880; publications, typescript copies, press cuttings, and manuscripts of articles, addresses and accounts, 1839-1890s (some undated; including some later copies), mainly by Legge but including some publications of other authors, the subjects including theology, Chinese religion including Confucius, Chinese language and literature, missionary work and journeys made, and Legge's work at the University of Oxford; personal papers, 1839-1897, including his certificate of ordination, 1839, print of an engraving of Legge with three Chinese students at the Hong Kong Theological Seminary, 1849, photographs of friends in Hong Kong and Chinese friends, and letter book containing Notes of my Life for my sons ... and their sisters', begun 1896; papers relating to Legge, including printed papers relating to his death, 1897, and the typescriptJames Legge: Missionary and Scholar' [before 1905]. Many of the typescript copies of correspondence and other writings were presumably made for Legge's daughter, Helen Edith Legge, for her James Legge: Missionary and Scholar (1905).

Papers, 1746-1918, of and relating to Dr Ralph Wardlaw Thompson and his family, comprising correspondence and papers concerning his antecedents and family, 1746-1872, including letters to the Rev Dr Ralph Wardlaw, 1795-1852, and papers concerning Dr John Wardlaw, 1838-1872; Bible given to Ralph Wardlaw Thompson by his parents, 1847; four letters to Thompson, 1851-1866, including one from Ralph Wardlaw; palm leaf address to Thompson and Albert Spicer, London Missionary Society (LMS) deputation members in India, 1882; Thompson's diaries of a deputational visit to India, China and South Africa, 1882-1883; notes of deputational visits to South Africa, 1892, 1898, and to the South Seas and Papua New Guinea, 1897; notes on the LMS conference at Shanghai and on a deputational visit to India, 1907; notes for speeches, 1880s-1890s and undated; decorative addresses presented to Thompson, 1880, 1908; letters received on Thompson's death, 1916; biographical material on Thompson collected by Basil Mathews, 1916-1918.

Correspondence and papers, c1870-1959, of and relating to Frank Lenwood, including papers and correspondence, c1870-1920, concerning his parents Walter and Charlotte Lenwood; his early essays and press cuttings about him, c1881-1910; letters to his parents and correspondence about his schooling, 1882-1895; letters received from various correspondents, 1893-1933; printed circulars and personal letters from Lenwood and his wife Gertrude from trips to London Missionary Society (LMS) missions in China, India, Benares, the South Seas and Papua, 1906-1916, 1922; letters to various correspondents on religious and personal matters, 1916-1934, including his connection with Greengate Congregational Church; notebooks relating to preaching, 1926-1934 and undated; working papers on the `Oxford Group' movement, c1931-1933; copies of his articles and pamphlets, 1900-1933; copy of An order for the Solemnization of Matrimony ... with an order for the Burial of the Dead, undated, with annotations by Lenwood, 1900-1934 where dated; extracts from his diaries and letters, 1893-1935, for the use of his biographer, and reviews of the biography, 1936-1937; correspondence about the disposal of his books and papers, 1959.