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Harefield County Sanatorium began as a private home and estate used as a hospital for wounded Australian and New Zealander servicemen from 1915 to 1918. After the war the owners of the estate sold it to the Middlesex County Council who converted it into a sanatorium for the treatment of tuberculosis. It was thought ideal for treating this disease because it was one of the highest points in Middlesex with plenty of fresh air. On the formation of the National Health Service it became a general hospital specialising in chest diseases.
Napsbury County Asylum was founded in 1898 by the Middlesex County Council and was constructed near London Colney, Hertfordshire, completed by 1905. It had space for 1,200 residents with long term mental illness.
Shenley Hospital, Radlett, Hertfordshire was opened on 31st May 1934 as part of the Middlesex Colony. Along with Napsbury Hospital it was established for the care of the mentally ill. The hospital was built on the site of Porters Park and provided accommodation initially for 1,047 and the full development of 2000 beds with 500 staff. It was planned on the villa system comprising of small nursing units ranging from 20-45 patients and had its own water supply treatment, sewage works and farm.