Archives of the Japan Society comprising:

minutes of the Council and Annual General Meetings, 1891-1999; draft minute books, 1892-1902 and related papers, 1902-1937; Council attendance book, 1914-1941;

administrative papers including general correspondence, 1901-1956; Secretary's correspondence, 1931-1938; Treasurer's letters out 1910-1920; letters relating to the Shakespeare Medal, 1929; letters relating to corporate members subscriptions, 1958-1960; Chairman's files, 1962-1967; Secretary's reports, correspondence, invitation cards and relate papers, 1925-1940; Constitution, agenda and notices, including Rules, 1941 and correspondence 1910-1930; annual dinner papers and programmes, 1894-1927; annual dinner correspondence 1930s; address books (of society members), 1903-1909; printed membership booklets, 1894-1920; Library loan book, 1964-1999; visitors book 1953-1974;

Financial Records including Ledgers, 1891-1894, 1906-1931, 1955-1961; accounts 1939-1955; index to bankers orders, 1902-1957; cash receipts, 1952-1957; petty cash book, 1896-1902;

Photographs, 1869s-1950s comprising:
images of individuals including Crown Prince of Japan, 1921; Sir John Dimsdale, Chairman [1903]; Marcus Huish, T B Clard-Thonhill, Douglas Sladen;

collection of portrait photographs of members of the Society, [1900-1910];

photographs of events, including Yokohama during the earthquake, 1909; the Battle of A-San and the sinking of the British-owned transport Kowshing off Korea, and Battle of Yellow Sea, [1894];

photograph album by Felice Beato, also containing watercolours by Charles Wirgman [1860s]; album of Frances Taylor Piggott - containing photocopies of Japanese meishi (visiting cards), invitations, and menu cards 1888-1891; albums with photographs by Tamamura Kozaburo [1890-1900], and Usui Shuzaburo, 1885; album of photographs of events such as the Japanese Crown Prince's visit to London, 1921; Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi's visit to Britain, 1959; the Japan Society's annual dinner, 1934; and garden party 1934;

glass lantern slides depicting Japanese script, festivals, costumes, wrestlers, craftsman, labourers, country life, religion, gardens, and houses;

manuscripts and personal papers including a notebook of Alexander Richard Newman, (fl 1964) containing manuscript notes on Japanese history and culture (undated); Reports on Japanese Currency by G Arbuthnot and others, 1862-1872; letters from Frank Stearns, Japan, to the Detroit Press 1890-1893; photocopies of letters of Algernon B Mitford to his father, 1866-1869; photocopies of letters to J C Marks from Chester Poole, Charlotsville, USA, 1956-1978; Certificate awarded by Prime Minister Kanin to Major E Calthrop, Military Attache, Tokyo Embassy; Autograph album containing signatures of prominent personalities associated with the Japan Society, 1894-1908; autograph book of Japanese visitors to London, 1919-1930;

press cuttings /scrap books including cuttings of articles on Japan by Raymond Koechlin, 1891 (in French); press cuttings and notices, 1895; press cuttings collection, 1889-1930; press cuttings and scrap book, 1893-1906; press cuttings relating to the Garden Party given in honour of their Imperial Highness Prince and Princess Arishgawa, May 1905; scrap book containing printed material including invitations, menus etc, 1912-1918;

Nichi-Ei Times, 1991-2003, Japanese newspaper published by Toshiko Marks, and edited Setsuo Kato, Japan Media Service Ltd, London; Society publications including Japan Society Transactions and Proceedings, 1892-1941; Japan Society Bulletin (in 1986 reverted to the title Proceedings) 1950-present; and Japan Society Annual Review, 1987-1989.

M.Phil thesis submitted to Nottingham University by Garth M Terry entitled "The origins and development of the Macedonian revolutionary movement with particular reference to the Tayna Makedonsko-Odrinska Revolutsionerna Organizatsiia from its conception in 1893 to the Ilinden Uprising of 1903", 1974.

Collected papers, c1810-c1899 (some undated), of the Rev William Ernest Taylor, including Swahili verses, proverbs, chronicles, stories, songs, hymns, religious texts, and vocabularies, and some of Taylor's own correspondence.

Correspondence, 1994-1997, regarding the history of Jews in Poland with special reference to the blood libels of Tarnobrzeg and the 1946 Kielce pogrom. Also included is a copy translation of the historical files of Tarnobrzeg.

Correspondence and papers of Eric Ditmar Tappe, 1946-1979, comprising:
Correspondence and papers of Maria Golescu, 1946-1979, including correspondence with Tappe and other correspondents, publications sent to Golescu by Stefan Nenitescu and notebook containing excerpts from her correspondence. The correspondence is mainly personal in nature but some references to Romanian people and politics particularly the fate of political prisoners
Correspondence between Tappe and Professor Emil Turdeanu, Professor of Romanian Language and Literature at the Sorbonne, Paris, 1948-1972
Correspondence with other Romanian academics and exiles and general correspondence (1948-c1985)
Papers relating to the Romanian language, literature and history
General background notes on Romania
Papers relating to Tappe's publications and public lectures
Papers relating to SSEES and the University of London and Tappe's visits to Romania and international conferences

Letters, calendars, pamphlets, constitutions, manifestos, programmes, addresses, conference reports, directories and interviews from 1956 onwards issued by Chama cha Mapinduzi, the Movement for Free Popular and Democratic Tanzania, the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and the Tangayika Federation of Labour. All the political parties materials currently held here originate from TANU or Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM), reflecting their political dominance, and cover such issues as the Arusha declaration of 1967 (which laid out Nyerere's vision for Tanzania's development - an African mixture of socialism and village communal life), agricultural policy and foreign affairs (Nyerere was a committed Pan-Africanist who provided support for exiled groups such as the ANC, PAC and FRELIMO). In addition there is pressure group material protesting against the imposition of a one-party state and calling for free elections.

Papers of Helmut Strauss, 1945-1948, comprise an identity card (Kennkarte) Deutsches Reich of Helmut Strauss, issued in May 1945 in Halle/Saale; temporary travel document in lieu of passport of Helmut Strauss, issued in March 1948 by the military government of Germany containing exit permit and visa for Switzerland.

Papers of A G Stigand, 1911-1923, including notes on Ngamiland, 1911 and letters accompanying an article by Stigand entitled 'Ngamiland' published in The Geographical Journal, Vol. 62, No. 6 (Dec, 1923), pp. 401-419.

Statistics produced by the State Commissar for Private Enterprise comprising statistics relating to the investments owned by Jews, Aryans related to Jews, and Jews related to Aryans in Austria c 1938.

Correspondence, newspaper cuttings and papers of Sir Henry Morton Stanley, 1871-1936, including papers relating to Stanley in the period prior to his return from Africa, 1884; correspondence of Stanley and Lady Stanley with correspondents including the Royal Geographical Society, 1878-1909, Henry Wellcome, 1885-1909; Mr and Mrs French Sheldon, 1884-1891 and Herbert Ward, 1889-1895; papers relating to the Emin Pasha Relief expedition; personal papers; papers relating to the American Testimonial Banquet, 1890, including committee minutes, correspondence and printed material; press cuttings, 1885-1933; papers relating to a Livingstone Memorial, 1894-1901 and papers relating to the death, funeral and biographies of Stanley.

Manuscript by M Stakhovich entitled "Nochnoe. Stsena iz russkago byta" [Night time: scenes from Russian life], undated.

Photocopies of letters from African explorers, 1855-1892, including letters to C Geigler, Chief of Sudan Telegraphs at Khartoum, and to others, 1855-1892, from Samuel White Baker, Richard Francis Burton, Romolo Gessi, James Augustus Grant, David Livingstone, Charles Chaille Long, E Schnitzer (Emin Pasha) and Henry Morton Stanley; copies of letters from Colonel Charles George Gordon to Samuel White Baker and others, 1873-1884 and copies of letters of Lady Florentia Sale, 1842.

This collection consists of two parts: Käthe Spiegel's personal and family papers, including obituaries of her father; and an essay entitled 'Studieen zum Werke des Agathokles', a cover title for a critique of Mein Kampf.

Two memoranda, written at Belgrade, December 1922 by Sovet Russkikh Chastnykh Zheleznykh [Council for the Russian Private Railways].

Typescript by B K Sokolov, entitled "Kamennougol'naia promyshlennost' Rossii v 1914-1917 godskh" [Coal and oil industry of Russia 1914-1917]

Thirty one photographs by the Soiuzphoto agency, showing scenes in Livadia, Tadzhistan and Moscow (including the Metro, the Park of Culture and Rest and factories), as well as farms, libraries and schools.

Papers of Joseph S Kellet Smith, 1895, concerning explorations in the country west of Lake Nyasa including diary, Jun-Sep, 1895; five unpublished short stories, 'The revolution of Benjamin-wad-Wiri', 'The Lake Trader', 'The sacrificial altar of the Sandili', 'The Brimming cup' and 'The thraldom of Stephen Clinch'; loose pages, untitled, beginning, 'A man's enjoyment of golf...'; fifteen chapters of an unpublished book based on events of the 1895 expedition with 38 photographic prints prepared as illustrations including of river Shire, Hora camp, tribesmen and river steamers.

Created during Smith's time in office, 1965-1975, the collection comprises of papers arranged under the following sections: International Affairs 1965-1975, contains material on the Heads of Government and the Senior Officials Meetings, additionally there are Country Files and the records of the Secretary-General's Visits which detail specific issues such as Rhodesia and Southern African or the Anguilla dispute with St Kitts. These records also contain informative country briefs prepared by the Secretariats divisions. There are a small number of files on the issue of sanctions and on liaison with other organization. Economic Affairs 1964-1976, material comprises of the Finance Ministers Meetings, work on Commodities plus a significant number relating to liaison with EEC as well as other organisations. The Education 1969-1976, Legal Activities 1970-1975, and the Health 1969-1975, sections mainly concern the relevant Commonwealth conferences. Files in Science and Technology 1968-1973, address specific issues such as metrication, mining and metallurgy. Food Production and Rural Technology 1975, comprises of conference material and Youth 1972-1975, mainly details youth awards. Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation (CFTC) 1968-1976, comprises of records relating to the governance of the CFTC as well as to specific projects undertaken. Smith's speeches and other public addresses are located in the Information 1966-1975, section. The Secretary-General's files in Secretariat Administration 1965-1976, cover internal meetings of the Executive Committee, the Finance Committee, some aspects relating to individual divisions as well as preparation for the Annual Reports. Commonwealth and International Organisations 1965-1975, details co-operation and liaison with institutions such as Commonwealth Parliamentary Association; Commonwealth Broadcasting Association; Commonwealth Foundation; La Francophonie; Commonwealth Institute; International Planned Parenthood Federation and United Nations.

Dafts of chapters V, VI and conclusion of a PhD thesis by Harold Gordon Skilling presented to SSEES entitled "The German-Czech national conflict in Bohemia, 1879-1893".

Photocopies of papers relating to Francis Skead, 1858-1861, including notes by Skead on the Zambesi delta, May-June, 1858; positions on the Zambesi river observed by Young and [Skead] and an edited version of the journal of Lieut. R W Brigstock, Jan-Feb 1861, referring to his meeting with the Livingstone party.

Papers relating to the life and work of Brian Simon, 1940s-1990s, including memoirs from Simon's time at Kurt Hahn's progressive school at Salem; talks, articles, reviews, lectures and other papers by Simon; correspondence, [1952-1990], including with Caroline Benn and Norman Morris; press cuttings, 1967-1989, chiefly comprising obituaries and biographical material (of others); working papers, chiefly in preparation for the following publications by Simon: Studies in the History of Education, 1780-1870 (1960), Education and the Labour Movement, 1870-1920 (1965), The Politics of Educational Reform, 1920-1940 (1974) and Education and the Social Order, 1940-1990 (1991); papers relating to the National Union of Students; papers relating to visits abroad; publishers' correspondence and personal photographs and scrapbooks.

Sierra Leone political material, 1951 onwards, including constitutions, announcements of meetings, manifestos, resolutions, speeches, conference reports, declarations, electoral guides, court statements and pamphlets issued by the All People's Congress Party (Sierra Leone), the Electoral Commission (Sierra Leone), independent candidates, the National Unity Party, the Sierra Leone and Israel Friendship Association, the Sierra Leone Alliance Movement, the Sierra Leone Democratic Party and the Sierra Leone People's Party.

Papers, 1820-1953, of the Sibree family, comprising miscellaneous correspondence and manuscripts, press cuttings and printed papers, 1867-1929, of James Sibree, the subjects including missionary, literary and architectural work and the history, customs and language of Madagascar, including a manuscript of his `Missionary Heroes and Heroism in Madagascar', 1925; eight scrapbooks of James Sibree's papers, 1820-1927, containing printed materials and cuttings, correspondence and notes, maps and sketches relating to Madagascar and to the Sibree family; two volumes presented to James Sibree on the 50th anniversary of his missionary service in Madagascar, 1913; other papers of James Sibree relating to Madagascar, 1874-c1916 and undated, including its natural history; photographs, comprising portraits of missionaries and others connected with the Madagascar mission, 19th century, Sibree family photograph album, 1902-1913, including volcanic eruptions in Samoa, and photographs of Madagascar, including buildings, landscapes, and individuals; scrapbook of Elsie Sibree, c1913-1953, including press cuttings, photographs, and notes.

This collection contains betacam videotapes and transcripts of interviews with leading political figures and members of the public during the 1970s and broadcast as the documentary 'The Writing on the Wall'. The collection covers many areas of political and social history during the period, most notably trade unionism and industrial relations.

Correspondence and papers of Robert William Seton-Watson, comprising:
Pre World War One papers, 1905-1914, including articles and correspondence relating to aspects of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, press cuttings and book reviews; correspondence on the formation, publication and content of "The New Europe", with papers and minutes of meetings for "The New Europe Society", 1913-1920; World War One papers, 1914-1918, including correspondence, memoranda, reports and articles, Seton-Watson's reports for the Intelligence Bureau on Austria-Hungary; reports and memos written for the Intelligence Bureau and the Department of Enemy Propaganda; papers on Serbia and the future Yugoslavia, 1912-1919; papers on Bohemia and the other regions that united as Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland and the Ukraine; press cuttings re Romania, 1913-1928 (mainly 1914-1918); papers on Seton-Watson's work as Secretary of the Serbian Relief Fund, 1914-1921, including minute books, correspondence, diaries, ledgers, photographs and lantern slides; papers on Yugoslavia, 1919-1941, including correspondence and papers on issues of both Yugoslavia's international relations and internal politics; correspondence and documents on "The Yugoslav Society of Great Britain", press cuttings on Seton-Watson's "Sarajevo" and on Yugoslavia generally and addresses presented to RWSW by Yugloslavian organisations; papers on inter-war Czechoslovakia, 1919-1939; papers on Hungary, Romania, Carpatho-Ruthenes, Ukraine, Poland and Austria in the inter-war years, 1919-1939; papers on World War Two, 1939-1945, including papers and correspondence re RWSW's work for the Foreign and Research Press Service and the Political Intelligence Department, including political intelligence summaries; papers on Seton-Watson's work for the Tribunal for internees opposed to the Nazi system, papers by Seton-Watson and others and others on Balkan and Danubian territories; papers on Czechoslovakia during World War Two, 1939-1945, including papers and intelligence summaries produced by Seton-Watson for Chatham House and the Political Intelligence Department, correspondence and papers on Czechoslovak affairs; papers and correspondence on Hungarian and Romanian affairs in World War Two, 1938-1945; papers and correspondence on Yugoslav affairs in the Second World War, 1939-1947, including both Seton-Watson's Government work and his private involvement with British-Yugoslav organisations; general correspondence files, 1901-1951; correpondence and papers academic matters including the School of Slavonic Studies, Kings College London, and its successor, SSEES, the "Slavonic Review", and the Royal Historical Society, 1911-1949; correspondence with publishers including agreements and statements of royalties and correspondence re publications, letters to newspapers, other correspondence and reviews, 1906-1951; assorted typescripts, articles, lecture notes, notes and newscuttings on a variety of subjects, mainly Austria-Hungary, the "Eastern question" and Yugoslavia, 1905-1951; ephenera; press cuttings, bibliographies and a guide to Seton-Watson's papers held at New College Oxford

Papers on Hugh Seton-Watson's interests as an academic including papers on Bulgaria, Romania and Yugoslavia and correspondence on the future of SSEES, 1945-1975; papers re Seton-Watson family history, including books and pamphlets by George Seton, HSW's great-grandfather and papers on HSW's father R W Seton-Watson

Secret Hungarian papers regarding British involvement in the history of Hungary, [1959] comprise copied reports by Hungarian Foreign Office officials regarding the role of Britain in the history of Hungary, 1937-1945.

Notes for lectures belonging to Thomas Seccombe, on English History 1640-1830.

Also includes flyer for syllabus of a course of 6 lectures on 'Representative Frenchmen' by Hilaire Belloc at Oxford University and syllabus of lectures on 'The age of Frederick the Great' by J.A.R. Marriott, Oxford University.

Papers, [1909] and 1930-[1975], relating to Scullard's published work, notably lists of contributors and articles for the first edition, [1938], and correspondence with contributors to the second edition, 1964-1965, of the Oxford classical dictionary (Clarendon, Oxford, 1949 and 1970); annotated photocopy of typescript of The elephant in the Greek and Roman world (Thames and Hudson, 1974), [1973-1974], with notes especially relating to illustrations, [1973-1974], and various offprints of articles on elephants in the ancient world, [1948-1950]; proof copies of Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War (University Press, Cambridge, 1930), and Scipio Africanus: soldier and politician (Thames and Hudson, London, 1970), with a manuscript of the former, [1930], and notes, [1930-1970] on Scipio and Spain; incomplete typescript of a work entitled 'Scipio Africanus: politics and reform', [1970]; offprints of articles written by Scullard for the Encyclopedia Britannica (Encyclopedia Britannica Company, London and New York), 1967 and 1974; correspondence and notes relating to Roman history articles written by Scullard for Collier's Encyclopedia (P.F. Collier and Son, New York), 1960; school essay by Scullard on 'The comic element in the literature of Greece and Rome', [1909], and incomplete annotated typescript [on the same subject], [1930-1940], possibly part of Scullard's History of the Roman world from 753 to 146 BC (Methuen, London, 1935); papers, 1954 and [1973-1975], relating to Scullard's revision of A history of Rome down to the reign of Constantine (Macmillan, London, 1954) by Max Cary, including typescripts, annotated proofs, and a printed copy of the original work; a printed copy of the 3rd edition of A history of the Roman world from 753 to 146 BC (Methuen, London, 1963). Papers, [1925-1970], relating to Scullard's teaching career, including teaching and lecture notes on Greek and Roman history, [1926-1970]; typescript book lists and study schemes for courses on Ancient History and Ancient Political Ideas [at King's College London], [1958-1960]; notes taken by Scullard from lectures by Professor Frank Ezra Adcock, Professor of Ancient History at King's College, Cambridge, [1925-1951]; memorabilia, 1938 and 1976-1977, relating to New College, London, including programmes, menu, and reports relating to its closure in 1977. Publications by, or relating to, Scullard's father, the Reverend Herbert Hayes Scullard, Free Church Minister at Howard Congregational Church, Bedford, and Professor of Church History at New and Hackney College, London University, mainly comprising copies of Life of John Howard the philanthropist (1911), 1907-1911. Three photograph albums, containing photographs of a tour in Norway, British and French towns and cities, and views of the Lake District and Scottish Highlands, [1890-1900].

Papers of Hans Schwarz, 1947-1970, comprises copies of a catalogue of the Hans Schwarz Archiv; annual report of the Komitee Ehemaliger Politischer Gefangener and obituaries of Hans Schwarz.

Copy affidavits and statements from former members of the Hielscher group of anti-Nazi German historians, regarding the activities of Otto-Ernst Schüddekopf, historian, 1946-1954.

Papers of the Schlesinger family, 1938-1945, contain official and family correspondence including a long letter from Jewish friends of the family, who managed to survive the war years in Hungary. This is a rare and valuable account of the Hungarian Jewish experience during the Nazi era, containing descriptions of life in hiding, deportations, massacres by Hungarian Nazis and life in Budapest in the immediate postwar years.

Letters patent of Charles II of Spain declaring the nobility of Francisco Sanz de Vellidas, 21 Nov 1668.

Papers of Max Sander, 1915-1939, comprise his personal papers and notably include his World War One Military Pass which provides details of his army record (927/2); his Jewish identity card (927/8) and his Aliens Registration card (927/9).

Reconfirmation by Henry III of Castille of a grant made originally by Henry II and confirmed by John I, of the town of Astudillo to Ferrando de Sanches de Tovar, 15 Dec 1393.

Glass plate negatives of maps relating to the Russo-Turkish Wars of 1736-1739, 1768-1774 and 1787-1792, including plans of the towns of Azov, 1736, Otzakov, 1737-1740 and Hockzin, 1739

Album of illustrations from the "Illustrated London News" entitled "Russo-Turkish War, 1876"

Illustrated report on the work of the Russkoe Studencheskoe Khristianskoe Dvizhenie za Rubezhom [Russian Student Christian Movement outside Russia] in the Baltic States 1929-1930, with a memoranda on the work of the Movement in Europe and another on its work in France, October and Novemember 1930. The report comprises 14 pages of photographs of meetings in Latvia and Estonia, with detailed explanations in English. A letter from A Nikitin, from the office of the Movement in Paris, to Major W Tudor Pole, London, dated 7 March 1931, is enclosed with the report and explains that Nikitin was author of the memoranda. He suggested that the report be shown to Sir Bernard Pares and then returned to Paris, the latter request was clearly not compiled with.

Set of cancelled Russian Imperial bonds, 1822-1917, (many issued by Railway companies) selected from those submitted by claimants against the Russian Compensation Fund after the final distribution from the Fund.

MA dissertation submitted to Georgetown University, Washington D.C. by Michael Joesph Rura entitled "Reinterpretation of history as a method of furthering communism in Rumania", 1960.

Four letters, 1913-1920, to George Charles Williamson, author of Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, 1590-1676: her life, letters and work (T Wilson & Son, Kendal, 1922), mainly concerning Round's opinion on the relevance of a volume containing an Elizabethan peerage to the Clifford peerage claim.

Papers, 1890-1957, of Sir Edward Denison Ross and his wife Dora, comprising his correspondence, including that with his wife (1902-1940); personal material including diaries and notebooks of Lady Ross; articles, lecture notes, language material and notes gathered by J. A. Chapman whilst editing Denison Ross's autobiography Both Ends of the Candle published in 1943.

Bound typescript of 'Hyderabad state in history and art' [1925], with appendices, illustrations, map and bibliography.

Lantern slides, collected by William John Rose, mostly made in Poland, showing views of Poland and ancient and modern sculptures and buildings; death notices of Germans reproduced from the German press in Poland, October 1939; examples of fine printing from Czechoslovakia from the late 1930s.

PhD thesis submitted by Margaret Tatiana Rose to Hull University, 1988, entitled "Philips Price and the Russian Revolution". Morgan Philips Price (1885-?) was correspondent for "The Manchester Guardian" in Russia from 1914 to 1918. He was a founder member of the Union of Democratic Control which opposed Britain's entry into the First World War. His reports from Russia became increasingly radical and supportive of the Bolsheviks and were eventually censored.

Minute books, Annual Reports and Accounts of the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, (generally known as the Roman Society), 1910-2002. Apart from the formal minutes and accounts very little material has been retained relating to the early history of the Society.

Volume containing material relating to the life and execution (in 1621) of Rodrigo Calderon; the Aragon conspiracy of 1648; and the expulsion of the Jesuits by Charles III in 1667. The latter includes copies of letters exchanged between Charles III and Pope Clement XIII.

Papers of (Vivian Dering) Vandeleur Robinson, comprising:
Robinson's writings on the Balkans particularly Romania and Bulgaria and also papers on plays written for the League of Nations Union, 1930-1944; Robinson's diaries, 1901-1925 (mostly 1918-1923); papers on Robinson's family, 1752-1979 (mostly 1815-1938)

Records of the River Gambia Trading Company Ltd, 1860-1920, including accounts, ledgers, stock books, invoice books, cash books, wages books, expenses books, receipt books and letter books. Also includes: papers regarding the Bathurst Trading Company of Mincing Lane, London; papers regarding the will of Richard Lloyd (died 1853) of Bathurst, Gambia and Harriet Fanny, his wife (died 1855).

Collection of notes on the history of Tibet and Sikkim, possibly for a book as notes are numbered in sections with index, and letter from Sarat Chandra Das to Capt Cecil Godfrey Rawling answering a query about the origins of Tibetans, 1908.