Papers of Sir William Henry May, comprising logs, 1864 to 1873 and, for the Nares Expedition, there is a detailed weather log, a personal journal, a sledging journal and some bills of plays performed in the ALERT during the Arctic winter. There are also reports on torpedoes, 1884; the international situation, 1908 to 1909 and 1914; naval manoeuvres, 1912 to 1913; the Dardanelles Commission, 1916 to 1917 and on Reconstruction and other post-war problems, 1919.

Papers, 1919-1947, of Lt Col Geoffrey Wells Meates, comprising his diaries, 1919, 1921-1939, 1943-1947, containing detailed narrative entries daily, and correspondence with his parents, 1921-1935, 1939-1945. Meates' diaries and letters record his activities, experiences, surroundings and travels, including his service with the Royal Artillery in Rangoon, Burma, and Calcutta, India, in the 1920s, and with Anti-Aircraft Artillery units in France (British Expeditionary Force, 1939-1940), Malta (1940-1944) and England (1944-1945) during World War Two.

Copies of documents, 1949-1958, from US Government sources, including the Department of Defense,Department of State, National Security Council and Atomic Energy Commission, 1949-1958, and from British Government sources, including the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Defence and Foreign Office, 1952-1958. Compiled as research for a doctoral thesis, 'The struggle for nuclear partnership: Britain, the United States and the making of an ambiguous alliance, 1952-1959'.

Papers collected or created by Menaul, 1950-1986, principally comprising journal articles, press cuttings, US and UK government and defence industry press releases and public relations pamphlets relating to nuclear weapons, 1962-1985, including the politics and doctrine of nuclear strategy and deterrence, Cruise, Pershing and Polaris missiles, and the research and development of nuclear delivery systems; to arms control, 1973-1985, including the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties (SALT) 1 and 2; to ballistic missile defence, 1974-1986, including anti-satellite weapons and the High Frontier and High Frontier Europe organisations; to US, Soviet and European space programmes, 1976-1986; to land, sea and air weapons systems and warfare, 1973-1984; to defence budgets and arms procurement, the international arms industry, global strategy, collective security and NATO strategy, 1967-1986; to military technology, 1967-1986, including the comparative capabilities of Western and Soviet technology, chemical and biological warfare, electronic warfare, and the military uses of lasers and radar; to the study and history of warfare, 1970-1984, including the principles and morality of warfare and the history of the RAF; to national and international defence issues, multilateral agreements and military actions, 1969-1986; manuscript, proof, reviews and correspondence relating to Countdown: Britain's strategic nuclear forces (Hale, London, 1980), [1976-1981]; unpublished manuscripts by Menaul, 1969, [1972], [1978-1979], 1987; audiocassette recordings of radio interviews with Menaul, 1979-[1983]; copies of journals to which Menaul contributed, 1969-1985; papers relating to or generated by organisations and companies of which Menaul was a member or with which he was associated, 1966-1985, including Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies (formerly Royal United Service Institution), Centre for Policy Studies, Stanford Research Institute and Hughes Aircraft Company; correspondence and published papers relating to conferences on foreign policy and defence issues, 1970-1986; personal and business correspondence, 1956-1987, notably with Gen Sir Walter Walker, 1968-1987, Foreign Affairs Research Institute, 1976-1984, and Aims for Freedom and Enterprise, 1976-1986; personal papers, 1950-1959, 1971, 1973, [1978-1987], including newspaper cuttings relating to Menaul's RAF career, 1950-1959, notably his command of the British Atomic Trials Task Forces, Monte Bello and Maralinga, Australia, 1955-1956.

Papers of Dr Hugh Metcalfe on guided weapons, 1918-1959, including lecture by Metcalfe, 'From Rheintochter to Rapier: An Outline History of the Development of Anti-Aircraft Surface-to-Air Missile Systems', 1918-1959; delivered to the Royal Aeronautical Society, 24 Nov 1992, with later additions including expansion of the text, extracts from related reports, detailed bibliography, archive material and Metcalfe's research papers [c1990] on the early history and evolution of guided weapons including photocopies of original minutes, working party papers and other material relating to guided weapons, [1945-1961] and articles, draft papers and transcripts of lectures on the subject of the history of guided weapons.

Auctioneer's recognizance and bond in High Court case Reffell v. The Metropolitan Rifle Range Company, 1902.

Documents of the National Security Council, 1947-1985 are microfilmed copies of memoranda, policy papers, directives and records of actions undertaken by the US National Security Council, 1947-1985. Document material relates to US policy with respect to Japan, the Soviet Union, China, 1948-49; military assistance to non-communist nations, 1948-49; US policy on atomic warfare, 1948; the Berlin Blockade; the United Nations decision to introduce military forces to Palestine, 1948; US policy towards Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe, 1949; US courses of action with respect to the Republic of Korea, 1950-53; responsibilities of the Central Intelligence Agency with respect to guerrilla warfare, 1952; US policy and courses of action to counter possible Soviet or satellite action against Berlin, 1952; US objectives and actions to exploit the unrest in the Soviet satellite states, 1953; US courses of action with respect to Latin America, Iran and South Asia, 1953-85; covert operations, 1954-75; nuclear attack warning channel and procedures for civilians, 1955-65; the political implications of Afro-Asian military take-overs, 1959; US policy towards Cuba, 1959-60; US strategic nuclear forces capabilities, 1960-85; US military, political and psychological operations in South East Asia, 1961-74; US training objectives for counterinsurgency, 1962-85; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT); US policy on arms transfers, 1975-85; the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; US policy towards Cuba and Central America, 1982; the US approach to the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START), 1982-85. Policy papers and progress reports relate to all European nations, the Soviet Union and its satellites, Canada, Latin America, Japan, The Middle East, the People's Republic of China, South East Asia, Angola, North Africa, 1947-1985.

Documents on British Policy Overseas, Series 1, Volume 4, and, Series 2 Volume 2, are microfilmed copies of documents relating to British foreign policy, 1945-1950. Part of a larger collection encompassing British foreign policy, 1945-1955, the microfiche in this collection relate specifically to Anglo-American relations, Dec 1945- Jun 1950. This collection is in two sections. The first includes documents relating to the establishment of an Anglo- American Cold War strategy; the exchange of atomic information and technology between the US and Britain; the use of British mainland and colonial bases by US armed forces; and the allocation of American funds to Britain as part of the European Recovery Program. The second section relates specifically to Anglo-American strategic and defence conferences which took place in London, Jan-Jun 1950. Documents concern the exchange of nuclear technology between the two powers; British and American political and military support to nations wishing to prevent communist insurrection; US involvement in the Middle East; the security of British and American sectors in the Federal Republic of Germany; British and American relations with Western European nations; and the strengthening of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

Documents on Disarmament, 1945- 1982, is a themed microfilm collection including documents on arms control and disarmament developments, 1945-1982. Subjects include relations with the US Atomic Energy Commission; proposed prohibition requirements for the production of biological and chemical weapons; bilateral talks between the Soviet Union and the United States, including the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (START); US negotiations with aligned and non-aligned states; Commission on Security and Co- operation in Europe (CSCE) arms control talks; negotiations with UN organisations including the Ad Hoc Group on Disarmament and Development, the Commission for Conventional Armaments, the Disarmament Commission, international Atomic Energy Agency, and the Security Council, 1945-1982.

Microfilmed copies of the manuscript diaries of FM Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, 1914-1919, and letters to his wife Dorothy Vivian Haig, Aug 1914-Mar 1919. Included in the papers are passages relating to the formation and composition of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), under the command of FM Sir John Denton Pinkstone French, July 1914; Haig's reaction, as General Officer Commanding 1 Army, British Expeditionary Forces in France and Flanders (BEF), to the British retreat following the First Battle of Ypres, Dec 1914; plans for the British offensive at Loos, Jul-Sep 1915; correspondence with FM Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and Broome, relating to the French's command of the Artois-Loos Offensive, Sep 1915; correspondence with Gen Sir William (Robert) Robertson, Chief of General Staff, relating to the proposed increase of British fighting forces in France, Oct 1915; the dismissal of French and the succession of Haig as Commander-in-Chief, British Armies in France, Dec 1915; Haig's recommendations for Lt Gen Sir Henry Seymour Rawlinson as his successor as General Officer Commanding 1 Army, Dec 1915; correspondence with Rt Hon Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane of Cloan, relating to Haig's appointment to Commander-in-Chief, British Armies in France, Dec 1915; orders from Kitchener to Haig concerning proposed Allied offensives in France and liaison with French Gen Joseph Jacques Cesaire Joffre, Jan 1916; letter from Robertson, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, to Haig relating to possible British offensives in the Balkans, Iraq and Germany, Jan 1916; discussions with Gen Sir Herbert Charles Onslow Plumer, General Officer Commanding 2 Army, British Armies in France, relating to possible British offensives at Ypres, Jan 1916; the German offensive at Verdun and the resultant requests by the French General Staff for a British relief offensive from Ypres to Armentières, Feb 1916; alleged incompetence within 2 Canadian Div command, Apr 1916; discussions with Robertson, Maj Gen Sir Launcelot Edward Kiggell, Chief of General Staff to British Armies in France, and Brig Gen Richard Harte Keatinge Butler, Deputy Chief of General Staff to the British Armies in France, relating to the proposed offensive at the Somme (Jul-Nov 1916), May 1916; Haig's instructions to Rawlinson, General Officer Commanding 4 Army, British Armies in France, regarding the proposed limited infantry attack on the Somme, Jun 1916; Haig's reaction to British Cabinet criticism of British casualty figures during the Somme offensive, Jul 1916; analysis of German casualty figures during the Somme offensive, Nov 1916; Haig's reaction to replacement of Rt Hon Herbert Henry Asquith, Prime Minister of Great Britain and First Lord of the Treasury, with Rt Hon David Lloyd George, 1916; Haig's reaction to replacement of Joffre as Commander-in-Chief of the French Armies with French Gen Robert Georges Nivelle, 1916; Haig's promotion to FM, 1917; supplies and manpower required for proposed British and French combined Nivelle offensive, 1917; Haig's reaction to German withdrawal to defensive positions along the Hindenburg Line, 1917; Haig's reaction to Calais Conference proceedings, in which combined British and French command council is proposed, 1917; Haig and Robertson' s veto of Gen Sir Henry Hughes Wilson as proposed British Chief of Staff liaison to Nivelle's Headquarters; the re-organisation of the Allied command structure as a result of the Calais Agreement, 1917; the failed French offensive at Aisne, Apr 1917; plans for the Passchendaele Campaign (Jul-Nov 1917) and the choice of General Hubert (de la Poer) Gough's 5 Army as the main British assaulting force, 1917; Haig's fears of a French civil and military collapse, 1917; conference with Gen John Joseph Pershing, Commander-in-Chief American Expeditionary Forces in Europe, Jul 1917; severe criticism levelled at Haig concerning his command of the Passchendaele Campaign, Jul-Nov 1917; Haig's reaction to the establishment of the Inter-Allied War Supreme War Council at Versailles, France, and the posting of Wilson as its British representative, 1918; Robertson's replacement as Chief of the Imperial General Staff by Wilson, 1918; the shortage of British military reserves in France, 1918; the failure of the German 'spring offensives' at Arras, France, Lys, Belgium, and Aisne, France, Mar-May 1918; straining relations between Haig and FM Ferdinand Foch, Marshal of France and Generalissimo of the Allied Forces, France, 1918; the Battle of Amiens, Aug 1918; the terms of the armistice, Nov 1918; perceptions of the Paris Peace Conference and the resultant Treaty of Versailles, 1919.

Memos of the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs: McGeorge Bundy to President Johnson, 1963-1966 are microfilmed copies of declassified memoranda relating primarily to American foreign policy, 1963-1966. The papers include Bundy's comments on the Alliance for Progress; atomic energy; the Atlantic Nuclear Force; European security; relations with the People's Republic of China; foreign assistance; the Vietnam War; the International Monetary Fund; the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO); the Test Ban Treaty; and the United Nations. Reels include specific mention of the assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 29 Nov 1963; meetings with former President Dwight David Eisenhower, 9 Dec 1963; visit by French President Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle; interview with First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, 5 Mar 1964; the French split with NATO; press attacks on Latin American policy, 25 Mar 1964; National Security Council meeting relating to Indochina, 15 May 1964, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) reports relating to the Cuban assassination of alleged agents, 3 Jun 1964; the civil crisis in the Congo, 1964; meeting with John Kenneth Galbraith, Paul M Warburg Professor of Economics, Harvard University, 15 Jul 1964; reports from the US ambassador to the Republic of Vietnam, Maxwell Taylor, 1964; statement on the Gulf of Tonkin Decision, 15 Aug 1964; correspondence with Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie relating to economic aid to Congo, 20 Aug 1964; the escalation of the Gulf of Tonkin 'incident', 18 Sep-6 Oct 1964; United Kingdom Arms Purchase Program, 26 Oct 1964; correspondence with British Prime Minister Rt Hon (James) Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx; meeting with UN Secretary General U Thant concerning North Vietnamese aggression at the Gulf of Tonkin, 5 Aug 1964; meetings with CIA Director John McCone, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, and Secretary of State Dean Rusk; the revolt in the Dominican Republic, 1965; the Warren Commission Report, 7 Jul 1965; and the Kashmir Crisis, 1965

Minutes of the Meetings of the National Security Council: First Supplement are microfilmed copies of minutes of meetings, official meeting files and supporting documentation, and detailed records relating to meeting of the National Security Council, 1947-1956. Document material relates to policies and procedures governing the National Security Council, 1947; initial directives to the Central Intelligence Agency, 1947; the US political position concerning Italy, Greece, China, and Palestine, 1947; US policy with respect to the Republic of Korea, 1948-53; conversations with the British in regard to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, 1948; US position with respect to perceptions of Soviet-directed world communism, 1948-55; the dispatch of US B-29 bombers to Great Britain, 1948; US policy on atomic and nuclear warfare, 1948-55; possible Soviet interruptions to the Berlin air-lift, 1948; organisation under the Atlantic Pact and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), 1949; the re- armament of the Federal Republic of West Germany, 1950; the position of the US with respect to Indochina, 1951-55; the death of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, President of the Soviet Council of Ministers and General Secretary, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1953; the Mutual Security Program, 1953; US objectives with respect to Indonesia, 1953; US objectives in the event of a general war with the Soviet bloc, 1954; overseas reaction to the Atomic Energy Commission, 1955; US policy towards the People's Republic of China, Formosa and the government of the Republic of China, 1955

Microfilm copies of official US government reports and US military, scientific, academic and policy journals relating to nuclear weapons, arms control, weapons technology, deterrence, nuclear strategy, and US foreign policy, 1919-1995. The reports have been arranged chronologically and include material relating to non-proliferation treaty safeguards; civil defence in the United States; deterrence theory; analyses of the Soviet Military Industrial Complex; interview transcripts of US government officials associated with weapons systems development and deployment; qualitative and quantitative analyses of the US-Soviet arms race; analyses of the theory of flexible response; nuclear capabilities of the People's Republic of China; North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) missile warning systems, 1968-1981; the Joint Cruise Missiles Project, 1982; the Tonopah Test Range technical manual, 1982; the planning of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) nuclear deterrent for the 1980s and 1990s; French and British nuclear forces in the 1980s and 1990s; the evolution of US and NATO tactical nuclear doctrine and limited nuclear war options, the Strategic Defense Initiative Program (SDI); trends in anti-nuclear protests in the US; US National Security Policy, 1980s; the threat of nuclear terrorism; the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty; anti-satellite weaponry; the threat of biological and chemical weapons. Official US government reports include report to the US Congress relating to stockpile reliability, weapons re-manufacture, and the role of nuclear testing, 1987; report to the US Congress on the Strategic Defense Initiative, 1989; Nevada Test Site Annual Site Environmental Report, 1989; report on the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START), including the text of the treaty and a number of related documents and protocols, 1991; the US Joint Chiefs of Staff Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations, 1993; the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency report to the US Congress, 1994; US Department of Energy reports relating to the disposal and storage of fissile materials, 1995.

Public Statements by the Secretaries of Defense, 1947-1981 are microfilmed copies of official statements, press releases, speeches, announcements and memoranda released by successive US Secretaries of Defense, 1947-1981. Compiled by the US Department of Defense at the Pentagon, Washington, DC, the material reflects US government national security concerns during the height of the Cold War. Arranged chronologically, the series includes statement before the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee regarding the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan), 1948; statement before the Foreign Affairs Committee of the House of Representatives on aid to Greece and Turkey, 1948; memoranda relating to Civil Defense Planning, 1948; statement on biological warfare potentialities, 1949; statements relating to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1949-1981; remarks at the unveiling of the memorial to British FM Sir John (Greer) Dill, 1950; testimony relating to the military situation in the Far East and the Balkans; statements relating to the Mutual Security Pact, 1952 and the Mutual Security Program, 1953; statement regarding the deployment of nuclear weapons for air defence, 1957; statement before the Senate Committee on Armed Services relating to satellite and missile programs, 1958; testimony regarding the Foreign Assistance Act, 1962; press conferences relating to the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962; joint statements with Gen Maxwell Davenport Taylor, Chairman, US Joint Chiefs of Staff, relating to the situation in the Republic of Vietnam, 1963; press conference regarding Gulf of Tonkin 'incident', 1964; statement regarding the appointment of Gen William Childs Westmoreland as Commander, Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, 1964; press releases relating to the increased commitment of US ground troops to Vietnam, 1966; testimony regarding US operations in Cambodia, 1970; press conferences relating to US-Soviet Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) tests, 1970; statements regarding US arms sales to Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, 1974; statements regarding the fall of Saigon, Republic of Vietnam, to the North Vietnamese Army, Apr 1975; testimony relating to nuclear technology, including the Minuteman II nuclear missile, 1976; statements regarding Stealth technology and its application, 1980.

Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, part 2: 1946-53 is a themed microfilm collection containing copies of official documents of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 1946-1953. Documents include meeting minutes and memoranda and reports relating to strategic issues; Europe and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); the Far East; the Middle East; the Soviet Union; and the United States. Meeting minutes include those of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1948-1954, and its committees, the US Joint Logistics Committee, 1946-1947; the US Joint Logistics Plans Committee, 1946-1947; the US Joint Staff Planners, 1946-1947; and the US Joint Strategic Plans Committee, 1947-1953. Documents relating to strategic issues include Joint Chiefs of Staff meeting memoranda and official reports concerning the effect of the atomic bomb on warfare and military organisation; scientific representation from British Admiralty and Air Ministry at the atomic bomb trials, 1945; projected Soviet atomic capabilities; armed forces participation in proof-testing operations for atomic weapons; the control and direction of strategic atomic operations; requirements for the stockpile of atomic weapons in North America and Western Europe; atomic requirements from NATO member states; US psychological and unconventional warfare; US industrial mobilisation planning; US Joint Chiefs of Staff plans for global demarcation into areas of strategic control; and post-war US military requirements, 1945-1954. Documents relating to Europe and NATO include Joint Chiefs of Staff meeting minutes concerning the political stability of post-war Austria, Hungary, Finland, the Balkans, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iceland, Italy, the Trieste Free Territory, and Spain; the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty; NATO command arrangements; the state of the armed forces in European NATO member states; the defensive capabilities of Western Europe; the establishment of Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers in Europe (SHAPE); and the establishment and function of the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR). Documents relating to the Far East include meeting minutes and memoranda concerning the demilitarisation of China, 1945; reform of the Japanese government, 1945; British and Canadian requests for information on the US atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1945-1948; US military assistance to the Netherlands Indies Forces, Netherland East Indies, 1946; US military assistance to the Philippines; US policy in reference to the adoption of the Japanese Constitution, 3 Nov 1946; the post-war disposition of combatant vessels of the Imperial Japanese Navy; the implications of possible Chinese Communist attack on foreign colonies in South China, 1949; the defence of Formosa, 1949-1953; the withdrawal of US occupation forces from Japan; the planning and conduct of the Korean War, 1950-1953; talks with French and British military representatives regarding the defence of Indochina, 1950; possible US military involvement in Indochina, 1950-1953; the Treaty of Peace with Japan, Aug 1951; US military assistance to Japan, 1951-1954. Documents relating to the Middle East include US Joint Chiefs of Staff reports on political and military relations with Iran, Palestine and Israel, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, 1946-1954. Documents relating to the Soviet Union include US Joint Chiefs of Staff political estimates of Soviet policy; intelligence estimates assuming war developed between the Soviet Union and the Non-Soviet Powers, 1946-1953; Soviet objectives in relation to the strength of its armed forces; Soviet capabilities in the Far East, Central and South America, and the Middle East; estimates of the scale and nature of Soviet attacks on the United Kingdom and Western Europe; plans for military aid to US allies and NATO member states. Documents relating to the United States include US Joint Chiefs of Staff memoranda and reports concerning the strategic defence of US territory; US programmes for national security; and civil defence capabilities, 1946-1953.

The collection presents an integrated record of US decision making during the 1958-1962 confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States over the situation of Berlin specifically, and Germany generally. The collection includes primarily records of Eisenhower's telephone conversations with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and Under Secretary of State Christian Archibald Herter and minutes of Eisenhower's discussions with Gen Andrew Jackson Goodpaster, Defense Liaison Officer and Staff Secretary to the President and, for the Kennedy administration, records mainly prepared by McGeorge Bundy, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and Laurence J Legere, Assistant to the Military Representative of the President, 1961-1962 and Senior National Security Council Staff Member, 1962-1963. The collection also includes records of East-West negotiations over Berlin and Germany, including US-Soviet 'exploratory discussions', 1958-1962; material relating to Allied efforts to develop a co-ordinated negotiating position during the first months of 1959 and the subsequent protracted talks in Geneva, Switzerland, May-Aug 1959; material relating to LIVE OAK, the tripartite American-British-French Berlin military contingency planning group under the direction of Gen Lauris Norstad, Commander- in-Chief US European Command and Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Apr 1959; papers relating to US and Soviet nuclear capabilities, 1959-1962; Berlin checkpoint crises, 1959-1961; a complete record of the summit meeting in Sep 1959 between Eisenhower and Soviet Prime Minister Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev at Camp David, Maryland, USA; papers relating to Western preparations for discussions on Berlin at the aborted summit of May 1960; papers relating to the 'Wall Crisis', including material relating to the refugee problem in the German Democratic Republic and US and Allied reactions to the construction of the Berlin Wall, Aug 1961; US and Soviet confrontations at US zone checkpoint, 'Checkpoint Charlie', Oct 1961; minutes of conversations between Soviet and US policy makers during the Kennedy administration, including a compete record of the talks between (David) Dean Rusk, US Secretary of State, and Andrei Andreevich Gromyko, Soviet Foreign Minister, Gromyko and Llewellyn E Thompson, US Ambassador to the Soviet Union, and Rusk and Anatoly Federovich Dobrynin, Soviet Ambassador to the US, 1962. It should be noted that papers of major Kennedy administration officials remain closed due to security processing delays at the John F Kennedy Library. Thus, files after Sep 1961 in the National Security Files remain largely sealed. Moreover, documents from files that have been reviewed continue to be withheld or heavily excised. Also, many of the Central Intelligence Agency and US Department of Defense files from 1961-1962 continue to be withheld or heavily excised.

The collection presents an integrated record of US decision making during the 1962 nuclear confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Much of the documentation focuses on the period from Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy's 16 Oct 1962 briefing of President Kennedy on the discovery of Soviet missiles in Cuba to Soviet Prime Minister Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev's 28 Oct 1962 decision to withdraw the weapons. Papers include intelligence reports, diplomatic cables, political analyses, military situation reports, and meeting minutes relating to the immediate backdrop to the crisis, the crisis (16 Oct-28 Oct 1962), and its aftermath. Papers concerning the background to the crisis relate to US attempts to overthrow Cuban Prime Minister Dr Fidel Castro following the Bay of Pigs invasion, Apr 1961; US and Soviet nuclear capabilities and doctrine in the early 1960s; the deployment of US Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBMs) to forward bases in Europe; and the concern over the resurgence of Soviet military aid to Cuba in the summer of 1962. Papers relating to the crisis include US intelligence reports confirming the construction of Soviet missile bases in Cuba; National Security Council minutes relating to a potential invasion of Cuba by US conventional forces, possible US air attacks against Cuba and the resultant Cuban casualties, the possibility of imposing an economic blockade around Cuba, the maintenance of US U-2 High Altitude Reconnaissance Aircraft flights over Cuba, and the possibility of Soviet retaliatory military actions against North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) states in the event of US attacks on Cuba, 16 Oct 1962; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) daily intelligence reports concerning Soviet missile bases and possible Soviet surface to surface SS-4 ('Sandal') nuclear missiles in Cuba; reports from the UN Security Council and General Assembly from the US Ambassador to the UN Adlai Ewing Stevenson; meetings between Kennedy and Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Andreevich Gromyko; US estimates of Cuban ground forces; articles from Soviet news agency TASS denouncing American motives in Cuba; reports from US Secretary of Defense Robert Strange McNamara regarding the possible withdrawal of US missile bases in Italy and Turkey in exchange for Soviet withdrawals from Cuba; discussions of the possible US 'Naval Quarantine' of Cuba; CIA estimates relating to possible Soviet first strike military capability with missiles in Cuba; NSC reports relating to the construction of IRBM and Medium Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM) bases in Guanajay and San Cristóbal, Cuba, 21 Oct 1962; President Kennedy's announcement to world heads of state regarding the US 'Naval Quarantine' of Cuba (24 Oct-20 Nov 1962) to prevent further Soviet arms shipments of offensive weapons and development of further missile bases, 23 Oct 1962; message from Khrushchev to Kennedy stating that the US 'Naval Quarantine' is an act of aggression against both Cuba and the Soviet Union, 23 Oct 1962; statements by US Ambassador Stevenson, Cuban Ambassador Mario Garcia Incháustegui, and Soviet Ambassador Valerian Zorin in the UN Security Council, 23 Oct 1962; documents relating to the operational readiness of US continental nuclear forces; minutes from UN Security Council meeting, 25 Oct 1962; letter from Khrushchev to Kennedy suggesting that the Soviet Union would withdraw missile bases in return for a US 'non-invasion commitment' towards Cuba, 26 Oct 1962; negotiations over verification of the Soviet missile withdrawal; the US non-invasion 'guarantee' to Cuba and the Soviet Union; and, the question of Soviet Ilyushin IL-28 ('Beagle') bombers and troops remaining in Cuba. The collection also includes retrospective studies of the missile crisis, including the US Department of State internal history of the crisis, US Department of Defense comprehensive reports describing the actions of military commands and units during the missile crisis, and US government records relating to the US-Soviet rapprochement developed in the 1970s and 1980

The John F Kennedy National Security Files, 1961-1963, reproduces in microfilm memoranda, cables, intelligence projections, telegrams, conversations, correspondence and special studies relating specifically to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and Central Europe, Asia and the Pacific and Western Europe. The collection provides documents maintained and organised by NSC adviser McGeorge Bundy and his staff of 'New Frontiersmen' and relate to foreign policy and national security issues including US attempts to achieve a state of détente with the Soviet Union, 1961-1963; US political, ideological and psychological perceptions of the First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, 1961-1963; the development of nuclear weapons technology and the massive build-up of nuclear deterrent forces, 1961-1963; the expansion and modernisation of US conventional forces to permit a 'flexible response' to Third World threats, 1961-1963; the establishment of guerrilla warfare programmes, 1961-1963; increased US economic and technical aid to the Third World under the Alliance for Progress; the Berlin Crisis and the resultant construction of the Berlin Wall, Aug 1961; statements issued by Deputy Secretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric relating to American nuclear second strike capabilities, 1961; the Cuban Missile Crisis and its aftermath, 1962; Kennedy's promotion of the 'Grand Design', increased economic and military trade with Europe; US reactions to growing West European scepticism of US nuclear deterrence; the increased US political and military commitment to Vietnam, including mention of the South Vietnamese military coup d'état which overthrew President, Ngo Dinh Diem, 1 Nov 1963.

The Papers of John Foster Dulles and of Christian A Herter, 1953-1961 are microfilmed copies of minutes of telephone conversations, memoranda, reports, and correspondence between Dulles and Herter as US Secretary of State and Under Secretary of State respectively (1953-1959), and Herter as US Secretary of State (1959-1961), and White House staff members, Vice President Richard Milhous Nixon, Central Intelligence Agency Director Allen Welsh Dulles, members of the US Senate and House of Representatives, US armed forces personnel and US political lobbyists. Material included in the collection relates to the International Information Agency re-organisation, 1953; the Panama Canal Treaty, 1953; the Republic of China Mutual Defense Treaty, 1953; Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy and his quest for communist infiltrators in the US, 1953; the cease-fire in Korea and Prisoner of War exchanges, 1953; the coronation of HRH Queen Elizabeth II, 1953; Far Eastern and Asian policy; the treason trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, 1953; the Federal Bureau of Investigation clearance of African-Americans for government posts; the depreciating civil situation on Indochina; atomic agreements with Great Britain; the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); the India/Kashmir Crisis, 1954; deteriorating Arab-Israeli relations, 1954-56; the US intervention into Guatemala, 1954; the French defeat in Indochina, 1954; the European Common Market; visit of Rt Hon Sir Anthony Eden to the US; the Suez Crisis, 1956; the Soviet invasion of Hungary, 1956; NATO and nuclear weapons; US stance on French and British colonialism; the testing of US satellite 'Vanguard' and the subsequent space race with the Soviet Union, 1957; the Mutual Security Program; American troops in Lebanon as part of a UN force, 1958; Vice President Richard Milhous Nixon and the political defence of US foreign policy. Correspondents include President Dwight David Eisenhower; Gen Juan Domingo Peron, president of Argentina; Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy; Rt Hon Sir Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill; Marshal Josip Broz (Tito), Prime Minister of Yugoslavia; Shri Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India; Dr Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany; Gen Douglas MacArthur; Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr; Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of the Republic of Egypt; Special Assistant to the President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller; Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle, President of France; Rt Hon (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of Great Britain; Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek, President of the Republic of China; Hussein ibn Talal, King of Jordan; Senator Lyndon Baines Johnson; Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and Chairman of the Soviet Council of Ministers; David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel; Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba.

The Soviet Estimate: US Analysis of the Soviet Union, 1947-1991 is a themed microfilm collection which presents an integrated record of US intelligence estimates and studies relating to Soviet strategic projections, military capabilities, science and technology, economics and internal politics, 1946-1991. The estimates and studies were produced either collectively as national intelligence products or by individual agencies, and include contributions from the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); the Director of Central Intelligence; the US Defense Intelligence Agency; and, the US State Department. The collection includes CIA and British Secret Intelligence Service debriefing transcripts of former Soviet Gavnoye Razvedyvatelnoye Upravleniye (GRU), Chief Intelligence Directorate, Soviet General Staff, operative Oleg V Penkovskii, relating to Soviet military organisation and plans for nuclear war, Soviet nuclear targets and deployments in Europe, missile technology and launch sites, Soviet military personnel, the capture of Capt Francis Gary Powers, US Air Force U-2 High Altitude Reconnaissance Aircraft pilot, 1 May 1960, profiles of Soviet military officers, locations of Soviet nuclear weapons tests, Soviet intelligence organisations and Soviet chemical and biological weapons programs, Soviet development and deployment of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs), positions of Soviet divisions in East Germany, and the Berlin Crisis (1958- 1962), 20 Apr-14 Oct 1961; yearly US estimates of Soviet strategic capabilities, 1947- 1983, including the 'missile gap' National Intelligence Estimates, 1957-1961; detailed estimates of the Soviet space program, including National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs) relating to lunar exploration, manned space flight, reconnaissance satellites, space exploration, space weapons and weapons development, 1962-1967; US Air Force report entitled 'A History of Strategic Arms Competition: Volume 3, A Handbook of Selected Soviet Weapons and Space Systems', including data relating to Soviet air to surface missiles (AS), Tupolev bomber aircraft, M-4 / Mya-4 / 2M Myasishchev ('Bison') aircraft, space weapons, communication satellites, electronic intelligence capabilities, surface to surface (SS) theatre missiles and ICBMs, Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBMs), Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs), Jun 1976; US intelligence community experiment in competitive analysis conducted by the CIA 'B Team' relating to US misperceptions of Soviet strategic objectives and offensive and defensive forces, Dec 1976; report from the US Department of State entitled 'History of the Strategic Arms Competition 1945-1972, parts 1 and 2', including detailed surveys and analyses of Soviet and US decision making on nuclear forces, force deployments, and nuclear strategies, Mar 1981; Special National Intelligence Estimate relating to Soviet support for international terrorism and revolutionary activities, including mention of arms transfers, military training, political violence, and terrorist activities in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East, May 1981; reports from the CIA concerning Soviet perspectives on research and development in energy-directed weapons and involvement in space weapons and Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) research, 1985; National Intelligence Estimates relating to General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev's prospects for reforming the Soviet economic and political system, including mention of his economic agenda and its implications for the Soviet military program, the dynamics of Soviet civil-military relations, the impact of reforms on labour production, health, standards of living and technological development, and the rise of civil unrest and nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1985- 1989; CIA report concerning the probabilities of a coup d'etat in the Soviet Union and the growing influence of Chairman of the Russian Republic Supreme Soviet, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin, May 1991.

US Military Uses of Space, 1946-1991 is a themed microfilm collection which presents an integrated record of US military space organisations, operations, and policy from 1945 to 1991. Included are memoranda, messages, presidential decision documents, program management directives, histories, organisational manuals, reports, and studies. Documents concern four basic areas of US space military activity: military support systems (communications, meteorology, reconnaissance and other satellites), space weaponry (anti-satellite weapons and the Strategic Defense Initiative), policy, and organisation. Material concerning military support systems includes papers relating to the establishment of a US photographic reconnaissance satellite program, 1956; US Air Force contracts to Lockheed Missile Systems Division to develop the WS-117L air reconnaissance satellite, 1956-57; the development of the US Air Force reconnaissance satellite, codenamed SENTRY and then SAMOS, 1958; the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) research and development of an imaging satellite, codenamed CORONA, 1958; launching of CORONA satellite, 18 Aug 1960; the development and launch of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Defense Support Program (DSP) satellites designed to provide nuclear explosion detection data relevant to military intelligence collection, treaty verification (Limited Test Ban Treaty, Threshold Ban Treaty, Non-Proliferation Treaty, and Outer Space Treaty), and damage assessment, 1963-1970; development and launch of signals intelligence (SIGINT) satellites, including the RHYOLITE communications satellite, 1970; the launch of the KH-11 electro-optical 'pixel' imaging satellite, Dec 1976; development and launch of ocean surveillance PARCAE satellites, 1976-1989; communications intelligence (COMINT) satellite including the VORTEX and MAGNUM satellites, 1978-1985; the launch of synthetic aperture radar system LACROSSE satellites, 1988-1991; the development and launch of early warning satellites including the Missile Defense Alarm System (MIDAS) to monitor the missile launches from the Eurasian land mass and Submarine- Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs); papers relating to launch systems, including expendable launch vehicles (ELVs), such as modified Martin SM-68 Titan Inter- Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Material concerning space weaponry includes Massachusetts Institute of Technology report to US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, introducing theoretical and scientific concepts for a laser weapons missile defence program, 1984; reports from the US Department of Defense, Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, to the US Congress relating to the costs of a laser and kinetic energy anti-ballistic missile program and its proposed compliance with the 26 May 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, 1984-1990; report from the US Department of Defense, Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, to the US Congress outlining the goals, objectives, and costs of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1985; reports from the US General Accounting Office relating to the SDI concept change from laser and kinetic energy weapons to 'Brilliant Pebbles' weaponry, in which several thousand satellite interceptors would orbit the earth having the capability to destroy missile targets, 1990-1991. Documents relating to US military space policy include reports from the US National Security Council outlining the significance of space with respect to US national security, 1958-1985; memoranda from the US Department of Defense urging military priorities for space research, 1959-1977. Material relating to the organisational command of the military space program includes function manuals and inter-agency memoranda detailing the structure and role of specific organisations such as US Aerospace Command, the US Department of Defense, US Air Force Space Command, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, the US Army Space Agency, and the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

The US Nuclear History: Nuclear Arms and Politics in the Missile Age, 1955-1968 microfilm collection presents an integrated record of US decision making relating to the development, production, and deployment of nuclear weapons, 1955-1968. Documents are generated from a number of sources including the US Department of State, US Department of Defense, US Air Force, US Joint Chiefs of Staff, US Strategic Air Command, the Executive Office of the President, US National Security Council, and Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Material relating to early US policy planning and decisions on thermonuclear weapons includes relevance studies by the RAND Corporation, a US non-partisan government policy guidance institution, 1952; memoranda from the Office of the White House relating to nuclear weapons stockpiles and projections, 1959; and, memoranda from the US Department of State and the Atomic Energy Commission relating to underground and atmospheric nuclear testing, 1959-62. Papers relating to nuclear weapons development, acquisition and testing include memoranda from Gen Curtis E LeMay, Commander-in-Chief, US Strategic Air Command, relating to increased budgetary needs for the proposed nuclear build-up, Jan 1956; memorandum from Gen Andrew Jackson Goodpaster, Defense Liaison Officer and Staff Secretary to the President, relating to the concept of 'massive retaliation' in the event of a Soviet first-strike, May 1956; memorandum from the US Joint Chiefs of Staff relating to emergency war plans, nuclear strategy, and preventive war, Sep 1956; memorandum from the Gen Lyman L Lemnitzer, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff, relating to US doctrine on thermonuclear attack, Apr 1961; memorandum from the US Department of Defense to President John Fitzgerald Kennedy relating to scenarios for US and Soviet first-strikes, Oct 1961; memorandum from Secretary of Defense Robert Strange McNamara to the Office of the Secretary, US Army, relating to nuclear damage limitation and 'assured destruction'. Papers relating to nuclear strategy and planning include memoranda concerning the applicability of Soviet cities as targets of US nuclear attack; the US Strategic Air Command Basic War Plan, [Feb 1960]; papers relating to target co-ordination and planning for a functional Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), 1960-1961; papers on 'war-gaming', net evaluation exercises of US capabilites in the event of a general nuclear war with the Soviet Union, including memoranda from Robert R Bowie, Director of US State Department Policy Planning Staff, concerning Soviet capabilities to inflict direct damage on the US, 1953-1967. Material relating to air, land and sea nuclear delivery systems, missile deployments, alert programs, and defence appropriations include memoranda from Goodpaster concerning Eisenhower's endorsement plans for missile program acceleration and for upgrading US Strategic Air Command capabilities, 1957; memoranda from the President's Science Advisory Committee relating to the construction of civil defence structures and missile deployments, 1958; report from the US Department of Defense, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, reviewing US weapons systems and directly-related functions which constitute the strategic offensive posture of the US 1964-1967; press statements and memoranda from US Secretary of Defence McNamara relating to the doctine of 'assured destruction', defence appropriations, and weapons development, 1961-66; US National Security Briefings on strategic intelligence, Soviet capabilities for strategic attack, anti-missile and air defence, and economic trends, 1963. Papers relating to nuclear strategy, planning, weapons and delivery systems in the European theatre include reports regarding the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's strategy for nuclear war, 1954-1969; the deployment of Chrysler 'Jupiter' PGM-19 IRBMs in Western Europe; the establishment of the Douglas 'Thor' PGM-17 IRBM program in Great Britain, 1956-1963; the escalation of US-Soviet hostilies in Berlin, 1961; reports concerning British co-operation with with US Strategic Air Command; speech by US Secretary of State McNamara, in Athens, Greece, relating to US assurances to its European allies in the event of a general war, 1962. Papers relating to nuclear warning and defence include reports from the US Department of State concerning the immediate construction of a Distant Early Warning (DEW) system in Canada and Alaska, 1952-1953; reports from the President's Science Advisory Committee, including studies of civil defence measures in the event of a nuclear attack, 1957-1958; reports from the US Department of State regarding the construction of the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) in the United Kingdom, 1958; memoranda from the North American Aerospace Command (NORAD), relating to nuclear pre- emption and tactical warnings, 1958-1959; reports from the President's Science Advisory Committee's Anti-Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Panel, 1958-1959; papers from the President's Science Advisory Committee and the US Department of Defense relating to the construction and deployment of Bell Laboratory Nike-Zeus and Nike X Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABMs) in the US, Canada, and Western Europe, 1959-1968.

Wartime Translations of Seized Japanese Documents: Allied Translator and Interpreter Section Reports, 1942-1946 is a themed microfiche collection of 7,200 translated Japanese documents. The collection includes translated seized Japanese diaires, Allied interrogation reports of Japanese soldiers and civilians, Japanese reconnaissance reports, US summaries of enemy activities, and Allied tactical and strategic reports on Japanese military movements issued by Allied General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area (GHQ SWPA), and Advanced Echelons of the Australian New Guinea Force; US 6 Army; US 1 Corps; US 11 Corps; US 10 Corps; US 8 Army; US 14 Army; 1 Australian Corps; and US 24 Corps. Included are all documents bearing the notation 'Allied Translator and Interpreter Section, Southwest Pacific Area' and issued during the period 1942-1946. As noted above, the Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS) was re-organised after the terms of Japanese surrender were signed on 2 Sep 1945, and its mission was altered to reflect the needs of the Supreme Command, Allied Powers (SCAP), occupation force. During its transition to a service within SCAP, ATIS continued to issue documents under the aegis of General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area (GHQ SWPA) and these documents are included in the collection. Major subjects covered in ATIS documents are Japanese military strategy and tactics; specific intelligence on Japanese troop movements, equipment, and order of battle; indigenous political movements and political geography of the Southwest Pacific; technical data on Japanese military equipment; and, information obtained from Japanese prisoners of war. ATIS translations of seized Japanese materials also made available English language versions of documents, maps, charts, and other official Japanese visual records. Principal among the types of materials collected and translated by ATIS were: personal diaries obtained from Japanese prisoners of war or removed from the bodies of Japanese killed in action, detailing Japanese military operations and objectives as well as personal accounts of the war; letters and personal correspondence, paybooks, and Military Postal Savings Books carried by Japanese soldiers; official Japanese unit field diaries; official Japanese military orders and orders of battle; maps and charts relating to Japanese shipping routes, military positions, airfields, and order of battle plans; Japanese propaganda and psychological warfare documents; Allied interrogations reports of Japanese prisoners of war, detailing Japanese military positions and troop morale; and, Japanese technical manuals, detailing weaponry and supplies.

Records of the 49th (Post Office) Rifle Volunteers, later the 24th (Post Office) Rifle Volunteers, comprising: regimental orders, 1870-1871 (Ms 09408), and muster roll books, 1870-1909 (Ms 09409).

Records of the Middlesex Territorial and Auxiliary Forces Association, including minutes, agendas and decision books; Cadet Committee minutes; Buildings Committee minutes; Welfare Committee minutes; Lord Lieutenant's Meetings minutes; Staff Sub-Committee agendas and minutes; Cadet Brigade orders; press cuttings albums; photographs; Association handbooks; rifle meeting programmes; and information about the history of the Association.

Manuscript copy of German Machine Gun Order, 1918, which instructed Germany Army personnel in how and when to use machine gun fire against enemy infantry, tanks, and aircraft

Typescript copy of cumulative index to the 16 volumes of war diaries of 236 Battery, 59 (4 West Lancashire) Medium Regt, Royal Artillery, Territorial Army, 1939- 1946, and the 6 volumes of Regt Headquarters war diaries, 59 (4 West Lancashire) Medium Regt, Royal Artillery, Territorial Army, 1939-1946, held at the Merseyside County Archives.

Various texts including printed report of a Royal United Services Institute seminar on defence and the mass media given by AVM Stewart William Blacker Menaul, 13 Oct 1970; official Egyptian publication, 6 October: An Arab War of Liberation (Al Muttahida Arab Co, Cairo, 1973), relating to the Arab-Israeli War, 6 Oct-22 Oct 1973; Nuclear Vulnerability Handbook by Ian Bellany (University of Lancaster, Centre for the Study of Arms Control and International Security, 1981)

Photocopy of manuscript account by Lt Col Oliver Brian Masters North, 3 Bn, 17 Dogra Regt, 8 Indian Bde, Indian Army, relating to the landing of Japanese forces at Khota Bahru, Malaya, 7 Dec 1941; photocopy of unpublished transcript account of the British counter-attack during Japanese attacks at Khota Bharu, Badang, and Kuala Krai by 3 Bn, 17 Dogra Regt, Dec 1941; photocopies of articles relating to 3 Bn, 17 Dogra Regt, during the invasion occupation of Malaya, 1941-1945, including most notably lecture given by Lt Gen Sir Lewis Macclesfield Heath, General Officer Commanding 3 Indian Corps, relating to the fall of Singapore and his experiences as a prisoner of war, [1946]; photocopy of transcript account of the Japanese landings at Kota Bharu for inclusion into the 1947 edition of The Dogra Quarterly; photocopy of transcript account, 'A History of 21st Mountain Battery, Indian Artillery during the Campaign in Malaya', detailing action with 3 Bn, 17 Dogra Regt, at Khota Bahru, Dec 1941; photocopy of typescript obituary of North for inclusion into the Dogra Regimental Association newsletter, detailing North's career in Malaya during World War Two, May 1991

Publications relating to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and western European defensive strategy, procurement, and technology, 1948-1988, most notably editions of NATO's Fifteen Nations, a journal devoted to NATO alliance politics, force structure, integration, combined training, and procurement, May 1958-Jun 1988; an edition of Laboratory of the Air (HMSO, Ministry of Supply, 1948), detailing the history and function of the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Hampshire; seven aerial photographs of the Royal Aircraft Establishment; an edition of Facts about NATO (NATO Information Service, Paris, 1959), detailing NATO history, organisation, and force structure; edition of NATO: Facts about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Bosh: Utrecht, 1962)

Pamphlets, handouts and notes, 1974-1985, issued to Sergeant C T Holt while on Territorial Army training courses, including: 'Soviet Weapons Whiz Wheel', a guide to the identification of various weapons, Sep 1975; nuclear, biological and chemical defence training pamphlets, produced by the Ministry of Defence, comprising: 'Pamphlet 2: The Effects of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Attack', Aug 1974, 'Pamphlet 3: Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence Equipment', Oct 1978, 'Pamphlet 4: Radiac Instruments', Oct 1977, 'Pamphlet 5: Personal Protection and Decontamination', May 1975, 'Pamphlet 6: NBC Defence of Airfields and Landing Sites', Jan 1975 and 'Pamphlet 7: The Organisation of Unit Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence', 1974; notes and handouts from a Combat Signals Course, Royal School of Military Engineering, including pamphlet 'Royal Engineer Communications: Signal Procedure & Radio Notes', 1981; notes and handouts from a course on nuclear, biological and chemical warfare for non-commissioned officers, 1982; 'Survive to Fight', Army Training drill sheets describing procedures in case of nuclear, biological or chemical attack, Jun 1983; notes and handouts relating to exercises, including nuclear, biological and chemical warfare tactics, 1983; 'Warning and Reporting Aide Memoire', issued by Defence Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Centre (Defence NBC Centre), Winterbourne Gunner, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Jul 1984; Training Information Folder Edition No 5', issued by 'Training Wing, Defence Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Centre (Defence NBC Centre), Winterbourne Gunner, Salisbury, Wiltshire, 1985.

Handout from a Brigade and Regimental Intelligence Course (BRIC); handouts introducing the Geneva Convention, prisoner handling and tactical questioning, analysis of methods of interrogation and indoctrination, and Communist methods of interrogation and indoctrination; handouts from a course on field defences; handouts relating to the Soviet Army issued by the Soviet Training Branch, Defence Intelligence and Security School; notes and handouts relating to training on MAPCO, a method of encoding map references.

Also a sealed Decontamination Kit labelled 'personal No 1, Mk 1'.

Edition of 14 Heavy Battery RGA War Diary (Robert Scott, London, 1919), including the war diary, 1914-1919; list of honours and awards to officers, non- commissioned officers, and soldiers who served with the battery; list of officers who served with the battery; and the battery roll of honour, 1914-1919

Published booklets from the General Staff, War Office, including two booklets entitled The German Army in Pictures and More Pictures of the German Army, detailing German Army weaponry, uniforms, and insignia, 1941; five guides to the Germany Army detailing the tactics and organisation of armoured divisions, infantry divisions, airborne troops, engineers, and reconnaissance units, 1941; A Guide to the Identification of German Units, detailing badges of rank and service German officers for the purpose of interrogation, 1942; five pamphlets relating to German infantry weapons, Italian infantry weapons, German light anti- aircraft and anti-tank guns, German infantry, heavy anti-aircraft, and divisional artillery; German infantry engineer and airborne weapons, 1941-1943; Periodical Notes on the German Army relating to tactics of the German tank regiment and tank battalion, German Army tactics in Libya, 1941, operations of German 11 Air Corps during the attack on Crete, May 1941, German artillery operations in armoured divisions, and the tactical handling of German armoured divisions, lorried infantry and motorcycle units, 1942; New Notes on the German Army, relating to the evolution of German armoured and motorised divisions, and German supply and administrative services, 1942-1943; two pamphlets relating to the German Army order of battle, 1942-1943; booklet designed to aid British personnel in the recognition of British and Allied Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs), 1942; booklet of vocabulary of German military terms, 1943.

Books, pamphlets and folio-size posters on explosives and firearms dating from 1598 to 1920. Many of the pamphlets in the collection relate to the manufacture and use of gunpowder.

Copy of photograph album concerning his work on Operation BACKFIRE (the employment of captured military personnel to demonstrate the assembly and firing of V2 rockets), 1945, with copies of related newspaper cuttings, 1945, 1985, 1989.

Papers relating to Gallipoli (Faber and Faber, London, 1936), 1927-1967, principally comprising original typescript, [1936]; correspondence, 1927-1967, notably with Brig Gen Cecil Faber Aspinall-Oglander, 1933-1939, Gen Sir Ian (Standish Monteith) Hamilton, 1934-1941, Capt Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart, 1936-1937, AF Sir Roger John Brownlow Keyes, Bt, 1934-1939, and Maj Gen Arthur Cecil Temperley, 1935-1939; newspaper cuttings, [1915]-1966, including reviews of Gallipoli, 1936-1937, and cuttings relating to the Gallipoli campaign, [1915]-1966; 'Gallipoli', [script of radio programme] by Val Henry Gielgud, 1936; photographs of Gallipoli taken by North, [1936]. Papers relating to North West Europe (HMSO, London, 1953), 1943-1961, including original typescript, [1953]; correspondence, 1944-1957, notably with Liddell Hart, 1953-1954, and FM Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, 1954-1955; press cuttings, 1943-1961, comprising reviews of North West Europe, 1944-1945, dated 1953-1954, and cuttings relating to World War Two, dated 1943-1961; official US Government and HMSO publications relating to World War Two, 1945-1946. Papers relating to The Alexander memoirs (Cassell, London, 1962), dated 1941, 1945, 1946, 1948, 1959-1964, including draft copy, [1962], and published copy, 1962; correspondence, 1961-1964, notably with FM Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, 1961-1963, Liddell Hart, 1961-1962, and Montgomery, 1962; newspaper cuttings, 1945-1946, 1948, 1959-1963; photographs taken by North and Alexander on a visit to the Middle East and Italy, 1960. Other papers, [1931-1968], including articles by North, [1939-1966], notably concerning training, tactics and weaponry; correspondence, [1933-1960]; maps of UK and North West Europe, 1931-1944; press cuttings, 1939-1966, including reviews of Men Fighting (Faber and Faber, London, 1958), 1958-1959; 'Diary of the Belgian Campaign, May 1940', typescript text by AF Sir Roger John Brownlow Keyes, dated [1940].

Copies of photographs relating to his service with the Royal Artillery in India, 1909-1912, and in France and Belgium, 1914-1919; photographs and press cuttings relating to Norton's service as Acting Governor, Hong Kong, 1940-1941.

Correspondence, a television script, press cuttings and photographs relating to signals during World War Two, the Battle of the Atlantic and Operation GRAPPLE, 1956-1996; including correspondence and script for Westward Television documentary on the Battle of the Atlantic and Coastal Command during World War Two, 1969-1971; personal accounts, press cuttings and correspondence relating to the Battle of the Atlantic, 1990-1996; photographs of Operation GRAPPLE, British H-Bomb tests on Christmas Island, for which Oulton was Task Force Commander, 1956-1958; account of the role of Signals in the RAF Coastal Command expedition to the Azores, 1943-1944, written by Wg Cdr F J Mowbray, 1996.

Papers of Professor R A Peters including reports, correspondence, minutes, etc, relating to work on antidotes to chemical warfare agents, development of British Anti-Lewisite, and its clinical uses, 1941-1953.

Papers of Adml Robert Stewart Phipps Hornby. From 1900 to 1913 there are official letterbooks, memoranda and other papers. There are a diary, a rough journal and papers for his second command from 1914 to 1915. Finally, there are papers relating to his work on torpedoes and reports from the various Admiralty committees on which he served.

Papers of Sir Geoffrey Thomas Phipps Hornby. Except for a few service papers and a letterbook, 1858 to 1870, the entire collection dates from 1865 onwards. The most important part of the collection is Hornby's official, semi-official and private correspondence, 1873 to 1894, in which many leading naval officers and other figures of the day are represented. There are also some letters written by Hornby and some correspondence of his wife and of his daughter, Mrs Egerton. Relating to Hornby's commands, there are official letterbooks for the years 1870 to 1874 and 1877 to 1880, memoranda and orders, 1865 to 1874 and 1877 to 1880, private letterbooks, 1865 to 1874, 1877 to 1878 and 1885 to 1891, and registers of telegrams received and despatched, 1877 to 1880. There are printed memoranda and papers relating to his time at the Admiralty, including the work of the Construction and Torpedo Committees.

Papers of Sir Phipps Hornby. There is a copy of a letter written in the Volage and a letterbook, 1812 to 1816. Most of the papers are from the Pacific Command and include an admiral's journal, 1847 to 1849, and three official letter and order books, 1847 to 1851, together with correspondence on particular aspects of the Squadron's duties. There are also some probate documents concerning members of the Hornby family.

Papers of Windham Mark Phipps Hornby. Some of them relate to his cadet days, and are mostly printed magazines and programmes; there are also two gunnery notebooks, 1914, and a report on the organization of the Ramillies. The collection contains some items relating to other members of the family.

Additional papers of members of the family including journals, official and private letters, and newspaper cuttings, relating to all of the above members of the family (please see individual biographical entries for further details of their careers).

Papers relating to his life and career, 1896-1902, 1908-1918, principally comprising letters to his family, 1896-1902, notably describing his service in operations in Orange Free State and Transvaal, South Africa, 1899-1900; notebook relating to his service in South Africa, 1899-1902, containing copies of brigade and divisional orders, notes on horses health, lists of men killed and financial accounts; 'Notes from beleaguered Kimberley', an account of the siege and relief of Kimberley, Feb 1900, by one of his colleagues, [1900]; letters to his wife, 1913-1917, notably describing his service in the UK, 1914-1917, and on the Western Front, 1917; letters to Poore's wife from Lt Col William Brooksbank Garnett, Commanding Officer, 2nd Bn, Royal Welch Fusiliers, 1917-1918, chiefly concerning the circumstances of Poore's death; army message book containing notes on explosives, 1917; photographs of Poore, 1882-1917. Family papers, 1869-1879, 1893, 1899-1979, notably including papers relating to Poore's wife, Mrs Lorne Margery Poore (née Dennistoun), 1869-1879, 1899-1979; correspondence with his sister, Nina Hamilton, wife of Duke of Hamilton, concerning Poore's management of a suspense account established to provide for the Hamilton's children, 1904-1916.

Copy of typescript text on the use of nuclear weapons and significance of nuclear power, [1940-1965], written in [1965].

Notebooks and papers of Benjamin Robins, consisting of a miscellaneous notebook primarily on gunnery and fortification (MS 39), a commonplace book (MS 46), a box of miscellaneous papers (MS 130) and a letter to Martin Folkes enclosing a written message from the Chevalier Ossorio, Envoy from the King of Sardinia, on the proper charge of cannon (MS 139).

Records relating to the Office of the Armoury, the Ordnance Office (Board of Ordnance), and the Armouries museum comprising:

records of the Office of the Armoury including letter from Sir Henry Lee regarding the Office of the Armoury, c.1579; list of armourers at Greenwich, 1599; inventory of arms and armour in the Office of the Armoury, 1603; list of wages of armourers at Greenwich, 1610, 1612; list of armourers at Greenwich, 1612, 1624; list of wages of the armourers at the Tower of London, Greenwich and Woolwich, 1615; a petition from Francis Ingoldsby for his arrears of wages as Keeper of the Armoury at Greenwich, 1623; letter to Sir Robert Pye authorizing the payment of wages to the armourers at Greenwich, 1627; inventory of arms and armour in the Office of the Armoury, 1650; report by the Commissioners of the Admiralty concerning the wages of the armourers in the Tower of London, 1653;

records of the Ordnance Office/Board of the Ordnance records including Ordnance Office account book, 1547-1553; Ordnance Office debenture book, 1606-1607; Ordnance Office receipted indenture, 1633; extracts from a receipt of Stores ledger, 1645, 1648; warrant signed by John, Lord Berkeley to Col. William Legg, Lt. Governor of the Tower, authorizing the issue and replacement of weapons, 1668; ledger of receipts, returns and issues of arms from the Tower of London, 1675-79; proposed contract for brass guns, 1682; letters patent appointing William Meesters to be Keeper of the Stores of Ordnance at the Tower of London, 1691; warrant of appointment of John Harris to be furbisher of small arms at Hampton Court and St. James's, 1711; Rules, orders and instructions for the government of the Office of the Ordnance, 1760, 1769, 1804, 1829, 1841; regulations for official of the Ordnance Department, 1855; letters patent in favour of Stephen Remnant for the right to manufacture cannon, 1761; letter signed by the 3rd Duke of Richmond and Master of the Ordnance, 1784; An Act for transferring One of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State the Powers and Estates vested in the Principal Officers of the Ordnance, 14th August 1855 [i.e. relating to the abolition of the Board of Ordnance]; proof books;

Corporate records relating to the management of the Tower Armouries under the control of the Board of Ordnance, the War Office, the Office of Works and the Department of the Environment comprising:

Visitor attendance records including: book listing daily attendance figures for the Tower Armouries, 1851; book listing daily attendance figures for the Tower Armouries, 1857-1864; warders book giving the numbers of visitors to the Tower Armouries, 1859-1861; attendance book of artists admitted to the Armouries, 1870-1894; warders book giving the numbers of visitors to the Tower Armouries, 1871-1872; visitors book, 1913-1993; register of students' tickets, 1914-1939; day books and diaries, 1913-1938; visitors book to the study collection, 1961-1971; visitors book, 1961-1975;

photographs of Viscount Dillon (curator, 1895-1915), early 20th century, and Charles ffoulkes (curator and master, 1910-1938), 1916;

documents relating to the transfer of responsibility for the Armouries to the British Museum and the Office of Works, c.1905; letter books 1939-1947, with index 1939-1946; annual reports compiled by Charles ffoulkes, 1913-1938; Charles ffoulkes' report on the Tower Armouries, 1938; Summaries of grant-in-aid received, 1953-1983;

minute relating to changing the name of the officer in charge of the Armouries from Curator to Master of the Armouries, 1935; Staff book 1915-1917 staff occurrence books, 1939-1956; records relating to the relocation of staff during the Second World War, 1939-1945; Wardens Diaries, 1870-1871, 1876-1877;

records relating to the permanent displays at the Tower of London comprising:

papers including letter from Samuel Meyrick to the Board of Ordnance describing his redisplay of the Armouries, 1827; the Spanish Armoury; redisplay of the White Tower by J.R. Planche, 1869; plan of the Small Arms Room, c.1910; volume recording renumbering of exhibits 1914-1915; the redisplay of the White Tower by Charles ffoulkes, c.1920; the Sporting Gallery, 1971-1996; the Oriental Gallery, 1971-1996; the Board of Ordnance Gallery, 1977-1996; improvements to the White Tower displays, 1984-1988; redisplay of instruments of torture, 1989; proposals for the redisplay of the White Tower, 1989; the 18th/19th Century Gallery, [1996]; tenders for the redisplay of the White Tower, 1994; redisplay of the White Tower, 1994-1998; and copies of records relating to provision of wooden figures, 1685-1749; documents relating to the Spanish Armoury; redisplay of the White Tower by Samuel Meyrick, 1826-1832; and alterations to the Horse Armoury, 1850-1851; Gifts and Purchases register 1916-1939 (covering 1840 -1939); file concerning inventory check with location list, 1922-1935; list of uncatalogued items, 1981; administrative files relating to old displays, loans of items, and war time arrangements for the armouries;

stereographic photographs of the Horse Armoury, mid 19th century and c.1870;

photographs of displays of arms and armour in the White Tower, etc., 1884-1895; the Horse Armoury, c.1890, and late 19th century; Queen Elizabeth I and her page on display in the White Tower, late 19th century;

records relating to temporary exhibitions held at the Tower of London including papers relating to the Kings and Captains, 1949';Greenwich Armour', 1951; Brunswick Armour', 1952;Armour from Innsbruck', 1954; Spanish Royal Armour', 1960;Japanese Armour', 1965; Royal Sporting Guns', 1968; Prisoners of the Tower', 1997-1998; Treasures from the Moscow Kremlin', 1998;The Menagerie', 1999-2000;` Millennium Exhibition', 2000;

exhibition catalogues including Exhibition of armour of Kings and Captains from the national collections of Austria (1949); Exhibition of armour made in the Royal Workshops at Greenwich (1951); Exhibition of arms, armour and militaria lent by HRH the Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg at the Armouries of the Tower of London (1952-1953); Exhibition of Spanish royal armour in HM Tower of London (1960); Exhibition of Japanese armour (1965); Royal sporting guns at Windsor / Howard Blackmore (1968); Treasures of the Moscow Kremlin (1998); and guidebook, The Royal Menagerie at the Tower of London (1999); Records relating to buildings and works at the Tower of London including documents relating to repairs, 1825-1826; plans for the conversion of the `C Store' into the New Armouries, 1947; correspondence relating to the plans for a new entrance to the New Armouries, 1949-1959; correspondence relating to the New Armouries building, 1947-1965;

four photograph albums containing images of museum objects (some from the Royal Armouries collection) [1900-1950]; Collections of slides and postcards; Richard Williams' photograph albums and scrap books; original drawings by Dr Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick c.1830, used for the publication Meyrick and Skeltons' Engraved Illustrations of Ancient arms and armour, 1830;

microfilm collection including copies of Rough register of the Chapel, held in the British Library; Hewett Catalogue; Yeoman Warder's Dividend books 1660-1700; State Papers held in the National Archives (Public Record Office) relating to the Board of Ordinance;

photocopy collection comprising copies and transcripts records from the National Archives (Public Record Office) including Exchequer records, 1360-1600; Chancery records, 1455-1655; State Papers, 1523-1681; War Office records, 1589-1841; and manuscripts in the British Library, 1499-1725.

Papers of John Sanders, c 1689, comprising a manuscript volume in Latin and English, titled small tract of Chirurgerie and Phisical plants etc, all which I have faithfully gathered from divers Learned Authors, Besides mine owe practise, and what I have seen of others, in this citty of Doublin. Containing notes on treatments for various medical conditions, including gun shot wounds, ulcers, and the King's Evil (Scrofula), and advice on how to provide the Chirurgeons Chest for Military occasions; a list of medicaments bought from an Apothecary in Bow Lane, London, in 1689; a list titled Medicamentorum formulae apud medicos Londinenses usilationes; a list of herbal plants used in remedies; and a table of diseases.

Photocopies of correspondence and photographs, taken from five albums, relating to Sclater's career, 1898-1927, including letter from FM Sir (Henry) Evelyn Wood, Adjutant General to the Forces, confirming Sclater's appointment as Bde Maj, Aldershot, 1898; seventeen copies of photographs and nine sketch maps relating to the Second Boer War, South Africa, 1899-1902, including photographs of Bloemfontein and Brandfort, Orange Free State, and sketch maps of the Battles of Modder River, Nov 1899 and Paardeberg Drift, Feb 1900; two photographs of the 13 pounder Quick Fire gun, newly issued to the Royal Horse Artillery, 1904; letter from Lt Col Rt Hon Arthur John Bigge, 1st Baron Stamfordham, thanking Sclater for congratulatory letter on the award of a peerage to Stamfordham, 1911; three photographs of Indian Army sepoys, 1912; correspondence, 1912- 1917, including letters relating to recruitment, military inspections and the availability of manpower from FM Sir John Denton Pinkstone French, Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, Feb 1917, Gen Sir (Henry Macleod) Leslie Rundle, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Command, Feb-May 1916, and Lt Gen Sir (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready, Adjutant General to the Forces, Jul 1917; letter to Slater from Gen Sir (Francis) Reginald Wingate, relating to riots in Egypt, Jun 1920; letter to Sclater from Lt Gen Sir George Fletcher MacMunn, Quartermaster General, India, dated Jun 1921, relating to the political and military situation in India, particularly in the aftermath of the massacre of 479 Indian civilians by troops of the Indian Army, commanded by Brig Gen Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, Amritsar, Punjab, Apr 1919; printed obituary of Sclater [1927].

Papers and photographs, 1888-1924, 1972, mostly manuscript letters by Simpson-Baikie to his wife, Marion Evelyn Simpson-Baikie, Lady Simpson-Baikie, 1906-1919, including letters whilst on active service on the Western Front, Gallipoli, Salonika and Palestine, 1914-1918; four manuscript letters from Simpson-Baikie to his mother-in-law, Emilita Miller, 1904-1918, and three manuscript letters from Simpson-Baikie to his daughter, Jean Simpson-Baikie, 1917-1918. Also, manuscript letter from Gen Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton to Jean Miller Hamilton, Lady Hamilton, asking her to inform Marion Evelyn Simpson-Baikie that Simpson-Baikie has been chosen to serve at Gallipoli, 1915; manuscript letter to Simpson-Baikie from Gen Sir Horace Lockwood Smith-Dorrien, Governor of Gibraltar, on adverse comments about Smith-Dorrien in 1914 (Spiers, London, 1919) by FM John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Viscount of Ypres, 1920. Eleven photographs and two negatives relating to Simpson-Baikie's career, 1888-1920, including three photographs of Simpson-Baikie, 1888, [1904]; Lt Gen Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Baron Kitchener of Khartoum, General Officer Commanding in Chief, South Africa, with his Aide de Camp, Lt Francis Aylmer Maxwell [1901]; Maj Gen Hubert Ion Wetherall Hamilton, Maj Gen General Staff, Mediterranean Command, 1911; Gen Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton at Charing Cross station, London, on his departure for Gallipoli, 13 Mar 1915; aerial photograph of the French camp at Sedd el Bahr, Gallipoli, Turkey, 1915. Typescript letter to Jean Morley Kennerley (née Simpson-Baikie) from Professor Robert Clifford Walton concerning Smith-Dorrien, 1972.

Papers, mainly on World War One compiled by Sir Edward Louis Spears, 1851-[1974]; notably including official World War One correspondence and telegrams, to GHQ, 1 Army, Gen Douglas Haig, Lt Gen Sir Henry Wilson and other officers, on infantry composition, munitions and artillery, lists of officers, colonial troops, morale, observation and intelligence gathering, the lessons of specific campaigns, the employment of tanks, casualties, prisoners of war (POWs), training, public opinion, operational orders for the French 6 Army by Gen Emile Fayolle, and more generally relations between the French and British armies, meetings, views and opinions by and concerning French C-in-C Henri-Philippe Petain, French Northern Army Commander, Ferdinand Foch, and Robert Nivelle, French C-in-C, 1916-1917, an interview with Georges Clemenceau, French Prime Minister from Nov 1917, US, Japanese, Greek and other correspondence and communications over Siberia, Japan, Finland, Bulgaria, and demands for independence by Eastern European peoples, US participation in the War and opinions on President Woodrow Wilson, Italian military offensives, precis of interviews with corps and army commanders, manuscript diary (1915), on the Russian civil war, post-war commerce, correspondence with Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill on post-war claims, the current political and military situation, especially in Russia, and Versailles peace conference papers, 1914-1920 (Spears Section 1); unpublished material collected by Spears for his publications on the War, including a report of events for 122 Bd, Royal Field Artillery (1916), detailed memoranda and correspondence concerning operations notably comprising copy letters between FM Sir Douglas Haig, Gen Nivelle, and others including to the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, and on reinforcements, the German postions, the Calais Agreement of February 1917, 1 and 3 Army operations, Franch Army mutinies in 1917, extracts from a diary covering the Battle of Arras, Apr 1917, the politics of liaison, interviews with French and British officers, including French C-in-C Henri-Philippe Petain and Lt Gen Sir Launcelot Edward Kiggell reflecting on strategic and other concerns, 1916-1938 (Spears Section 2); printed material by other authors on World War One used by Spears in his published studies, [1917-1964] (Spears Section 3); draft notes and chapters for Spears' published works on World War One, [1919-1974] (Spears Section 4); original source material and notes by Spears on the 1870 Siege of Paris, mainly rough notes and draft chapters on the Siege, original and copy letters from participants describing events and an exercise book containing lecture notes redating the Franco-Prussian War, [1851-1974] (Spears Section 5); newspaper reviews of Spears' books and critics' letters, 1930-1969 (Spears Section 6); material relating to a war memorial at Mons, 1936-1968 (Spears Section 7); personal papers, mainly articles on the life of Spears [1918-1974] (Spears Section 8), maps, principally of Arras, Bullecourt and Mons, during 1917 [1917]-1959 (Spears Section 9); photographic material, post cards and watercolour sketches, including of trenches, damaged buildings, troops and officers, and a visit to the Balkans in 1920, 1914-[1920] (Spears Section 10); photocopies of some items of Second World War material transferred to Churchill College, Cambridge, mainly on the fall of France, General de Gaulle, and French resistance, [1940-1943].

1 Enlarge specimen sketch, Lt Col Banon. 2 1st lecture. Artillery, Lt Col Furse. 3 On writing papers connected with mil subjects, :t Col Sackville-West. 4 Marches, Lt Col Sackville-West. 5 2nd lecture - artillery, Lt Col Furse. 6 [Map of] Waterloo campaign - theatre of war, Lt Col Sackville-West. 7 Waterloo campaign, no 1, Lt Col Sackville-West. 8 Discuss offensive v defensive strategy with reference to Napoleon's decision in June, 1815, Lt Col Sackville-West. 9 Paper on comparative advantages of division and mixed brigade as peace and war organization in British Army, Lt Col Furse. 10 No 2 combined training, operation orders, Lt Col Sackville-West. 11 IVth lecture. Artillery in attack, Lt Col Furse. 12 No 2 Waterloo campaign. Positions night of 15th and 16th June, 1815, Lt Col Sackville-West. 13 Vth lecture. Artillery in defence, Lt Col Furse. 14 Memory sketch, Lt Col Banon. 15 Plot field-book traverse, Lt Col Banon. 16 IVth lecture. Fire tactics, Lt Col Furse. 17 Explain teaching of C.T re reconnaissance of hostile position, and suggest means of overcoming difficulties, Lt Col Sackville-West. 18 C.T operation orders, No 3, Lt Col Sackville-West. 19 No 3, Waterloo campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 20 W.O administration 1856 to 1904, Lt Col Banon. 21 VIIth lecture. Fire discipline, Lt Col Furse. 22 No 4 Waterloo campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 23 Attack of position with special reference to role of artillery. Map - 6 syndicates, Lt Col Furse. 24 Marching by compass bearing, Mt Col Banon. 23a VIIIth lecture - manoeuvre, Lt Col Furse. 25 Notes on formation of committee of Imp.Def, Lt Col Banon. 26 Precis certain correspondence, Lt Col Banon. 27 IXth lecture - heavy artillery and howitzers, Lt Col Furse. 28 Defence of positions. Opposite to scheme 2 (no 23). Map. 6 syndicates, Lt Col Furse. 29 i. Advanced, flank and rear guards. ii. No 5, Waterloo campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 30 Tactical occupation of a position - re. battle of Ligny, Lt Col Sackville-West. 31 Xth lecture. Horse artillery, Lt Col Furse. 32 XIth lecture. Mountain artillery, Lt Col Furse. 33 Memo re ammunition supply of territorial division in the field. 8 syndicates, Lt Col Furse. 34 No 6 Waterloo campaign. Quatra Bras, Lt Col Sackville-West. 35 March orders for mixed brigade, Lt Col Sackville-West. 36 Appreciation of a situation, Lt Col Sackville-West. 37 XIIth lecture. Organization, Lt Col Furse. 38 Army administration & HQ staff in India, Lt Col Banon. 39 Instructions for finishing sketches, Lt Col Banon. 40 Outposts, Lt Col Sackville-West. 41 Road sketch, Lt Col Banon. 42 Memo describing and discussing former and present systems of military administration in India, Lt Col Banon. 43 As Napoleon's CGS appreciate situation, 8am 17.6.1815, Lt Col Sackville-West. 44 i. No 7 Waterloo campaign. ii. Map of field of Waterloo. iii. Positions of Wellington's army 16, 17th & 18th June, Lt Col Sackville-West. 45 XIIIth lecture. Ammunition supply, Lt Col Furse. 46 Selection of defensive position for divn, Lt Col Furse. 47 No 8 Waterloo campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 48 Constitution and work of Colonial Defence Committee, Lt Col Banon. 49 Preparations necessary before night march, Rough sketch - orders for march, 8 Synds, Lt Col Sackville-West. 50 Re report while attached to other arms, The Commandant. 51 Appreciation as CGS to Duke of Wellington beginning of 1815. 8 Syndicates, Lt Col Sackville-West. 52 XIVth lecture. Coast defence i, Lt Col Furse. 53 What lessons of Waterloo campaign most valuable for modern war? Lt Col Sackville-West. 54 XVth lecture. Coast defence ii, Lt Col Furse. 55 Panoramic sketch, Lt Col Banon. 56 XVIth lecture. Coast defence iii, Lt Col Furse. 57 Continuation of no 46 - sketch and range-taker's card for brigade of 18prs, Lt Col Furse. 58 Memo explaining system of providing foreign drafts, Lt Col Banon. 59 Outpost scheme. 8 syndicates, Lt Col Sackville-West. 60 Plane-table sketch, Lt Col Banon. 61 XVIIth lecture. Coast defence iv, Lt Col Furse. 62 March orders for division. 8 syndicates, Lt Col Sackville-West. 63 XVIIIth lecture. Coast defence v, Lt Col Furse. 64 XIXth lecture. Coast defence vi, Lt Col Furse. 65 Course of instruction in artillery, Lt Col Furse. 66 Horseback sketch, Lt Col Barrow. 67 2 maps 1862, general and Virginia, Lt Col Braithwaite. 68 Reconnaissance (with reference to artillery) for attack on enemy's rear guard, Lt Col Furse. 69 No 1 campaign in E Virginia, Lt Col Sackville-West. 70 Outposts (newly joined officers), Lt Col Hon G Morris. 71 Operation orders (1st lecture) with examples, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 72 Outpost scheme - report & sketch. Work in pairs, Lt Col Sackville-West. 73 Operation orders (2nd lecture), Lt Col Hon G Morris. 74 No 2 American war, 1862, Lt Col Sackville-West. 75 Billeting and camping scheme. 11 syndicates, Lt Col Perceval. 76 Appreciation of situation E Virginia, Feb '62, Lt Col Sackville-West. 77 Attack and defence, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 78 Attack on a position. 1st day, reconnaissance. 2nd day, orders for attack. 8 syndicates, Lt Col Banon & Lt Col Sackville-West. 79 XXth lecture. Siege artillery, Lt Col Furse. 80 Battle of Kernstown 23/3/62, Lt Col Sackville-West. 81 River reconnaissance, Lt Col Barrow. 82 Reconnoitre and select position for defence, writer orders for occupation &c. 8 syndicates, Lt Col Braithwaite. 83 Battle of Bull Run 21.7.61, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 84 Compare Bull Run operations with Rappahannock & Rapidan, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 85 No 4 campaign in E Virginia, 1862, Lt Col Sackville-West. 86 Camping scheme for a division, Lt Col Perceval. 87 Lecture on reconnaissance, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 88 Operation orders. Retirement of Red force, northwards across Blackwater. 14 syndicates, Lt Col Sackville-West. 89 No 5 1862, Battle of McDowell, Lt Col Sackville-West. 90 Battlefield of Gettysburg, Lt Col Furse. 91 No 6 1862, Battle of Winchester, Lt Col Sackville-West. 92 Mounted sketch, Lt Col Barrow. 93 Panorama sketching by Captain Moberly, Lt Col Banon. 94 Fortified post on L of C, Lt Col Harper. 95 No 7 1862, Cross Keys - Port Republic, Lt Col Sackville-West. 96 Organization & mobilization of foreign armies, Lt Col Barrow. 97 Cavalry No 1, Lt Col Furse. 98 Defensive position covering town & arsenal, Lt Col Harper. 99 No 8 1862, Stuart's Raid, Lt Col Sackville-West. 100 Cavalry No 2, Lt Col Furse. 101Select positions for rear guard, writer orders for occupation, &c, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 102 Supply & transport No 1. 8 syndicates, Lt Col Banon. 103 Cavalry no 3, Lt Col Furse. 104 Discuss 4 principal strategical lessons of 1862 campaign between 24th Mar and 17th June, Lt Col Braithwaite. 105 Ammunition supply of a division, Lt Col Sackville-West. 106 Continuation of No 96, Lt Col Barrow. 107 List of parties (5) for Staff Tour 22nd-24th. Draw up schemes &c, The Commandant. 108 Reconnaissance of area of country, Lt Col Barrow. 109 Cavalry No 4, Lt Col Furse. 110 Specimen operation orders, see no 101, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 111 Tactical exercise with historical parallels. 4 parties. 5 situations, Lt Col Sackville-West. 112 General & special ideas for 5 parties. Appreciations to be in by 7pm 20/7, Directing Staff. 113 Cavalry No 5, Lt Col Furse. 114 Syllabus of examn: fd sketching and reconsnce, Lt Col Barrow. 115 Continuation of No 106, Lt Col Barrow. 116 Syllabus for examination in military history & geography, strategy & tactics, Lt Col Sackville-West. 117 No 1 1866 campaign & map of Germanic confederation, Lt Col Sackville-West. 118 Reconnaissance & sketch, Lt Col Barrow. 119 General map 1866 (mounted - to be returned), Lt Col Sackville-West. 120 No 2 1866 campaign, and 2 small maps. i general. ii strategical. iii the quadrilaterals, The Commandant. 121 No 3 1866 campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 122 Supply scheme. 4 parties, Lt Col Banon. 123 On Moltke's projects for the campaign of '66, Lt Col Braithwaite. 124 No 5 1866 campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 125 Austerlitz. Notes of 1st & 2nd lectures, composition of "Grande Armee" and 2 maps, i. general. ii. Battlefield, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 126 Showing positions of forces, Nov 25th '05, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 127 Paper on points most worthy of note in operations in Valley of Danube Lintz to Austerlitz, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 128 Tactical exercise, night operations, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 129 Infantry No 1, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 130 Syllabus of work - staff duties, supply, transport and remounts and military law, Lt Col Banon. 131 Syllabus of military engineering, Lt Col Harper. 132 Infantry No 2, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 133 No 6 1866, campaign & map of deployment and operations up to 3rd July 1866, Lt Col Sackville-West. 134 Paper on criticism of deployment and movements of Prussian forces May 15th to June 15th 1866, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 135 Imperial organization, Lt Col Barrow. 136 Tactical exercise. Advance of invading red army. 4 exercises as OC advanced guard, GOPC division &c; 5 parties, Lt Col Sackville-West. 137 No 7 1866 campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 138 Two general maps to illustrated "cavalry studies", Lt Col Furse. 139 No 8 1866 campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 140 No 9 1866 campaign and map of operations on the Iser, Lt Col Sackville-West. 141 Austerlitz. Notes of 3rd and 4th lectures, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 142 Foreign armies, no 4 Switzerland & Norway, Lt Col Barrow. 143 Two maps to illustrate "cavalry studies", Lt Col Furse. 144 Chain of supply from WO to units in field, Lt Col Banon. 145 Salamanca. Lecture notes and 3 maps to illustrate campaign, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 146 Torres Vedras & Sebastopol, Lt Col Harper. 147 No 10 1866 campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 148 Frame exercise upon historical example (Salamanca). 14 syndicates, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 149 No 11 1866 campaign & sketch of billets &c of VI Austrian corps, 27.6.1866, Lt Col Sackville-West. 150 Mobilization of expeditionary force. Syndcs, Lt Col Barrow. 151 Night operations with plate of explanatory sketches, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 152 Infantry formations for artillery fire, with set of examples of actual QF practise, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 153 No 12 1866 campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 154 Criticise criticism on generalship of Prince Fk. Charles up to action of Jicin, Lt Col Sackville-West. 155 No 13 1866 campaign & map of positions, 2nd July, Lt Col Sackville-West. 156 Organization of colonial forces, Lt Col Barrow. 157 No 14 1866 campaign, Lt Col Sackville-West. 158 Intelligence scheme, obtaining certain information while attaché incontinental state, Lt Col Banon. 159 Certain correspondence between Benedek, CP of Saxony and Clam Gallas, Lt Col Sackville-West. 160 1866 campaign. Sadowa, 1st and 2nd lectures and map, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 161 Comment on salient features of Battle of Sadowa, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 162 Port Arthur, Lt Col Harper. 163 1866 campaign. Sadowa, 3rd lecture, Lt Col Hon G Morris. 164 Port Arthur, Eastern defences & Fort Kuropatkin, Lt Col Harper. 165 North Keikwansan Fort, Lt Col Harper. 166 Chain of command, territorial forces, Lt Col Banon. 167 Lectures of military law by Colonel Pemberton, Lt Col Banon.

1 History of the British army, Lt Col Whigham. 2 Exercise: calculation of time and space, Lt Col Whigham. 3 Marches: exercises I, II, III and IV, Lt Col Ballard. 4 1796 campaign, I, Lt Col Stewart. 5 Exercise in writing orders (1st), Lt Col Whigham. 6 Artillery lecture, No 1, Lt Col Furse. 7 Artillery lecture, No 2, Lt Col Furse. 8 Artillery exercise No 1, Lt Col Furse. 9 1796-7 campaign, No 2 - Rivoli, Lt Col Stewart. 10 A) Arms administration prior to Crimean War. B) Mr Cardwell's system, Lt Col Whigham.

11 1800 campaign - Marengo, Lt Col Stewart. 12 Notes on strategy (Col Henderson), Lt Col Stewart. 13 Artillery lecture, No 3, Lt Col Furse. 14 Artillery lecture, No 4, Lt Col Furse. 15 1805 campaign - Ulm, Lt Col Stewart. 16 1805 campaign - after Ulm to Austerlitz, No 2, Lt Col Stewart. 17 1805 campaign - Austerlitz, Lt Col Stewart. 18 Exercise on 1805 campaign, Lt Col Stewart. 19 Exercise in writing orders (2nd), Lt Col Whigham. 20 1806 campaign - Jena, Lt Col Ross. 21 Tactical lecture (5) - 'Defence', Lt Col Ballard. 22 Exercise - railway calculations, Lt Col Bols. 23 Artillery lecture No 5, 'In Defence', Lt Col Furse. 24 Artillery lecture No 5, 'fire tactics', Lt Col Furse. 25 Organization exercise - M.I - 'war', Lt Col Hoskins. 26 Appreciation of a situation, hints on, the Commandant. 27 Instructions on writing papers on military subjects, The Commandant. 28 Artillery lecture No 7 - 'horse artillery', Lt Col Furse. 29 Military engineering exercise (1), Lt Col Fowler. 30 Exercise in writing orders, No 3, Lt Col Whigham. 31 Cardwell reforms, Lt Col Whigham. 32 "Return" showing rank and file sent to India, Lt Col Hull. 33 Reorganisation of the T and S, Col Foster. 34 '1812' (skeleton map), Lt Col Ballard. 35 Military engineering exercise No 2, Lt Col Fowler. 36 Artillery lecture No 9 (heavy artillery and Howitzers), Lt Col Furse. 37 Artillery exercise No 2, Lt Col Furse. 38 'Colenso', Lt Col Furse. 39 Artillery lecture No 10 (mountain artillery), Lt Col Furse.

40 Artillery lecture No 11 (organisation), Lt Col Furse. 41 Exercise 'drafts', Lt Col Hull. 42 Horse and remount establishments, Lt Col Bols. 43 Tactical exercise; 6 syndicates under directing staff, Lt Col Stewart. 44 1814 tactical campaign, No 1. Maps 1) France etc 2) 1814 and insert 3) Vauchamp 4) General theatre, Lt Col Stewart. 45 Reconnaissance (1) - exercise, Lt Col Roper. 46 1814 campaign, No 2, Lt Col Stewart. 47 1814 campaign No 3, Lt Col Stewart. 48 Scheme. Report and sketch required. 12 syndicates, Lt Col Furse. 49 1815 campaign, No 1, Lt Col Stewart. 50 Organisation of staff duties in the field, Lt Col Whigham. 51 1815 campaign, No 2 (before Waterloo), Lt Col Stewart. 52 "Billets" (lecture), Lt Col Roper. 53 'Training with other arms' - (attachment) - report reqd, Col Gough.

54 Campaign of 1815, No 3, Lt Col Stewart. 55 Campaign of 1815, No 4, Lt Col Stewart. 56 Paper required on 1815 campaign (memoir), the Commandant. 57 Reconnaissance for 31st March, Lt Col Roper. 58 Analysis peace establishment, Sqdn Br. Cavalary, Lt Col Whigham. 59 Resume of Napoleonic warfare (1), Lt Col Stewart. 60 Resume of Napoleonic warfare (2), Lt Col Stewart. 61 Cavalry indoor scheme, No 1, Lt Col Greenly. 62 Reconnaissance for 12th, Lt Col Roper. 63 "Frederick the great", Lt Col Ballard. 64 'Co-operation between the various arms' (Conference on paper on), The Commandant. 65 messages and signals, instructions re, Lt Col Whigham. 66 Mobilisation exercise (indoor), Lt Col Hull. 67 American Civil War (outline United States), Lt Col Ballard. 68 Reconnaissance (4) for 1/5 (mounted), Lt Col Roper. 69 Instructions for finishing sketches, Lt Col Roper. 70 American Civil War (4), Lt Col Stewart. 71 American Civil War, exercise on, Lt Col Stewart. 72 Cavalry scheme (22nd-23rd May), Lt Col Greenly. 73 Tactical exercise (for 25th May), Lt Col Stewart. 74 American Civil War (5) - Kernstown, Lt Col Stewart. 75 Reconnaissance exercise, Lt Col Roper. 76 Outdoor exercise (staff duties in action), Lt Col Whigham. 77 Field fortifications (exercise) - May 30/31, Lt Col Fowler. 78 Reconnaissance exercise, 1st June, Lt Col Roper.79 Paper on machine guns, Lt Col Hoskins. 80 Tactical exercise, Lt Col Stewart. 81 Artillery lecture "coast defence" (1), Lt Col Furse. 82 Artillery lecture "coast defence" (2), Lt Col Furse. 83 Artillery lecture "coast defence" (3), Lt Col Furse.

84 Reconnaissance (mounted), Lt Col Roper. 85 Railway control exercise (1) - 9th June, Lt Col Bols. 86 Tactical exercise 'advanced guard', Lt Col Ballard. 87 Intelligence and reconnaissance course (indoor), Lt Col Whigham. 88 Notes on the printing company, RE, Lt Col Whigham. 89 Artillery lecture 'coast defence' (4), Lt Col Furse. 90 Staff tour 27th - 29th June, Lt Cols Whigham, Hoskins. 91 Staff tour 27th - 29th June, Lt Col Ross. 92 Staff tour 27th - 29th June, Lt Col Ballard. 93 Tactical exercise 'retreat after an action', Lt Col Stewart. 94 Course of instruction in artillery (syllabus), Lt Col Furse. 95 Reconnaissance 'defensive position', Lt Col Roper. 96 Appreciation of the situation, 12/6/1815, The Commandant. 97 Memory reconnaissance (mounted), Lt Col Roper. 98 Paper on staff duties (Egypt), Lt Col Whigham. 99 Mil. Engineering, practical examination (syllabus) Lt Col Fowler. 100 Tactical exercise, July 10th, Lt Col Ballard. 101 Railway control exercise (2) - 11th July, Lt Col Bols. 102 Work in No10 district and record office, Lt Col Hull. 103 American Civil War, Notes No 8, Lt Col Stewart. 104 Reconnaissance, 18th July, Lt Col Roper. 105 'Protection' - July 21st, Lt Col Hull. 106 Transport and supply services, Col Foster. 107 American Civil War, 1862 'Gettysburg', Lt Col Furse. 108 Exercise 'use of demolitions and obstacles', Lt Col Fowler. 109 Cavalry exercise, 28th July (indoor), Lt Col Greenly. 110 'Stars surrounding North Pole', Col Perceval. 111 Railways: designation of personnel, Lt Col Bols. 112 Egypt: establishment of staff office at HQ; and memo for guidance of staff of army of occupation, Lt Col Whigham. 113 Reconnaissance, 4th October, Lt Col Roper. 114 Railway systems of Australia, Lt Col Hoskins. 115 Allotment of staff duties in a territorial division, Lt Col Hull. 116 Syllabus for examination in 'military history and geography' and 'strategy and tactics', Dec 1911, Lt Col Stewart. 117 Syllabus of military engineering, Lt Col Fowler. 118 Reconnaissance, 9th October, Lt Col Roper. 119 Paper on imperial general staff, Lt Col Hoskins. 120 Cavalry tactical exercise, 13th October, Lt Cols Whigham & Greenly. 121 Administrative exercise, 17th October, Col Foster. 122 Campaign of 1866, notes No 1, Lt Col Stewart. 123 Campaign of 1866, notes No 2, Lt Col Stewart. 124 Campaign of 1866, notes No 3, (Moltke's projects), Lt Col Stewart. 125 Campaign of 1866, exercise I, Lt Col Stewart. 126 Territorial force: pay & allowances (W.O letter No 9 / General no/2339 F4, 17.12.10), Lt Col Hull. 127 Campaign of 1866, notes No 4, Lt Col Stewart. 128 Night operations, 24th/25th October, Lt Col Whigham. 129 L. of C. establishments - organization administrative services (war), Col Foster. 130 Syllabus for examination in staff duties, organisation, and administration, Lt Col Gough. 131 Syllabus for examination in supply, transport and remounts, Col Foster. 132 Syllabus for examination in military, martial, and international law, Lt Col Bols. 133 Tactical exercise - 26th and 30th October, Lt Col Stewart.

134 Military aviation, Captn Brooke-Popham. 135 Preparation of schemes for tactical exercises, Lt Col Whigham. 136 Exercise in preparation of schemes for field operations, Lt Col Whigham. 137 Paper on education of officers, Lt Col Roper. 138 Campaign of 1866, notes No 5, and Moltke's orders, 22nd June, Lt Col Stewart. 139 Correspondence between Benedek, Crown Prince and Clam Gallas, Lt Col Stewart. 140 Campaign of 1886, notes No 6, Lt Col Stewart. 141 Campaign of 1886, notes No 7, Lt Col Stewart. 142 Campaign of 1886, exercise (2), Lt Col Stewart. 143 Campaign of 1886, notes No 8, Lt Col Stewart. 144 Campaign of 1886, notes No 9, Lt Col Stewart. 145 Map of Zululand, etc, Lt Col Ballard. 146 Campaign of 1866, notes No 10, Lt Col Stewart. 147 Advantages and disadvantages, billeting v bivouacking cavalry, Lt Col Greenly. 148 Graphic illustration of the march and supply of 2 divisions, Col Foster. 149 Military law. Notes by Col. Pemberton, D Judge Advocate, Lt Col Bols. 150 Franco-German war, notes and exercises, Lt Col Bols. 151 The laws and usages of war on land, Lt Col Bols. 152 Strength of European and native armies in India, Lt Col Roper. 153 French and German lines of communication of an army, Lt Col Bols. 154 Administrative exercise, 7th December, Col Foster. 155 Transport - India, Lt Col Bols. 156 [Map of] Worth, Col Perceval.