Miscellaneous historical essays, written by individuals employed by or associated with the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum. Authors include Alban Doran (1849-1927), Charles Thompson (1862-1943) and Marion Spielmann (1858-1948).

Essays by Peter Johnston Johnston-Saint, c 1927-1938, including 'The Herbal. The fore-runner of the pharmacopoeia in ancient and modern times', 'Healing Saints. A brief account of some of the Healing Saints to be found in Brittany' and 'Historical View of the Theory of Spontaneous Generation'.

Papers of Arthur Cushny including correspondence and other items of personal and career interest; manuscripts and notes; photocopies of his correspondence with Dr J J Abel of Johns Hopkins University, 1889-1926 and Sir John McMichael's files relating to Cushy, 1970-1978.

Papers of Edith Bülbring including correspondence, laboratory notes, lectures and other papers covering life and career in England after 1933, with J H Burn at the Pharmaceutical Society, 1933-1938, and at Oxford University, 1938-1981. Most of the material in the collection relates to Edith Bülbring's career in England between 1938 and 1981. Her early family life in Germany is represented by items A.4/1-2 and A.5, which indicate her linguistic and musical talents. There are no records of her career in Germany, nor at the Pharmaceutical Society in London (1933-1938). However, laboratory notebooks (although an incomplete series), reports made for organisations supporting her work, and publications and lectures all describe her later research.

Papers of Ann Gwendolen Dally and Peter John Dally, 1953-1991 including patient and other records of their joint private practice, plus Dr Ann Dally's correspondence with General Medical Council and writings relating to drug addiction.

The papers are very extensive though there are some lacunae, probably attributable to Chain's many changes of workplace. The early biographical period is sparsely documented, there are sporadic gaps in the correspondence files, and there is no original documentation of the penicillin research at Oxford (although there are many historical accounts and much correspondence about the history of penicillin). The surviving biographical material provides documentation of the arrangements for Chain to live and work in Britain, later honours and awards and his musical interests, and family correspondence, photographs and press-cuttings. There are very substantial records of his later career at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità and Imperial College, London, including his continuing contributions to biochemical problems such as carbohydrate metabolism, ergot alkaloids, edible proteins and aeration studies. The Imperial College material also contains records of the creation, administration, finance and architectural design of the Biochemistry Department, and developments in the Department after Chain's statutory retirement in 1973. Additional information about Chain's research is available in the documentation of his very extensive consultancy agreements and collaborative work with industrial firms such as Astra, Beechams and Rank Hovis McDougall, and records relating to government, grant-giving and charitable bodies such as the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research Campaign and Medical Research Council which contributed to the funding of his research. There is much material on Chain's lectures, addresses and broadcasts, and on his extensive travel on visits and conferences, which includes a substantial number of unpublished talks.

An exceptional feature of the Chain papers is the documentation of the large number of Israel and Jewish organisations with which he was associated, especially the Weizmann Institute of Science, where he was a governor for many years and had at one time considered taking up an appointment.

Carbon copies of Martha Marquardt's transcripts of Paul Ehrlich's copybooks, 1898-1915, made by her during the early 1950s. There are 6 series, representing both copies of letters sent by him, and notebooks. There are not complete sets of transcripts for all of these: in some cases the originals themselves appear to no longer exist. Users should be aware that, according to a letter from Dr E A Underwood, Director of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, to Gunther Schwerin, 25 Mar 1963 (WA/HMM/CO/Eau/13), there are some misreadings by Marquardt of scientific terms in the originals, as, although she was capable of deciphering Ehrlich's writing, she was not herself a scientist. The originals are now in Boxes 4-22, 27-27A, 28-28A, 29-36 in the Paul Ehrlich Collection at the Rockefeller Archives Centre, and another set of transcripts in Boxes 80-86 there.

Papers connected with James Randal Hutchinson and William Henry Bradley's work in the Ministry of Health, 1890-1959 with some retrospective material, and small groups of papers of Sir Weldon Dalrymple-Champneys (on Brucellosis) and Dr J Allison Glover.

Papers of Marthe Vogt, relating almost entirely to Vogt's scientific career, 1895-1988. Personal material is found in section A and includes a rare set of publications by her distinguished scientist parents Oskar and Cécile Vogt (A/1/2-4), a bibliography of Oskar Vogt (A/1/1), plus biographical information on Marthe Vogt (A/2) and various certificates of awards presented to her (A/3). Section B chiefly comprises notebooks and other papers relating to her experimental research, from Vogt's Berlin days through to the early 1980s. This research, meticulously recorded by Vogt, formed the background to many of her important and seminal papers in the field of neurotransmitters. The bulk of the collection is formed by Section C; 20 boxes of Vogt's correspondence covering all aspects of her work and career, chiefly from her arrival in Britain in 1935 up until 1988. This has been listed in detail and is arranged alphabetically by name of correspondent. Section D is a rather miscellaneous grouping of material relating to various aspects of Vogt's work. It includes papers and lectures on her adrenal research (D/1), lists of those who were sent reprints of her published articles (D/2), some ephemera relating to the Institute of Animal Research at Babraham (D/3), Vogt's University of Berlin doctoral thesis 1929 (D/4/1) and some book reviews written by her between 1952 and 1983 (D/4/2). The photographs comprising Section E include portraits of Vogt's father, mother and sister taken in Germany (E/1), an excellent collection of portraits of Marthe Vogt (E/2) and series documenting her attendance at conferences all over the world (E/4) and her many colleagues-friends and contacts (E/3).

Papers of William Edward Van Heyningen, 1947-1978, including laboratory notebooks (bacterial toxins, dysentery, tetanus), 1947-1961; correspondence on cholera, 1967-1978, and tetanus, 1956-1974; miscellaneous reports and publications (mainly cholera).

Papers of Sir William Drummond Macdonald Paton, 1930-1993, chiefly comprising papers relating to his main research interests, namely underwater physiology, histamine, synaptic transmission, drug dependence, anaesthetic mechanisms, allergy electron microscopy and the history of science, particularly medical science. The collection also includes correspondence, research papers and laboratory notebooks, and papers relating to the committee work that occupied his energies. Papers from Paton's time as both a Rhodes Trustee and a Wellcome Trustee provide further evidence of the extent of his commitments in committee.

Papers relating to Paton's Chairmanship of the Research Defence Committee (1972-77) are particularly extensive and reveal the social and political pressures of the period, the passionate challenges of the anti-vivisection lobby, as well as Paton's personal commitment to a socially responsible use of animals in scientific experimentation. Papers relating to Man and Mouse: Animals in Medical Research (1984), in which Paton set out his fundamental position on animal experimentation, provide further material on this topic.

Another field of interest in which Paton expended considerable energy was that of drug dependence, particularly the pharmacological action of cannabis. Through work in laboratory and committees, and through the media and many speaking engagements, he campaigned strenuously to warn of what he judged to be the deleterious effects of cannabis, and forged campaign alliances with American colleagues who shared his concerns.

Throughout his career, Paton maintained strong links with the Royal Navy, acting as scientific adviser and consultant on deep diving and underwater physiology. This strand of his work was of enduring interest: Paton's work on the physiological properties of gases at high pressure led directly to the development of the deep-diving breathing mixture known as 'Tri-Mix', in which nitrogen is added to helium and oxygen. Paton took great pleasure in the Royal Navy achieving, in 1980, the world's deepest dive (see D/2/14).

Sargant was an outspoken supporter and practitioner of what he termed the 'practical rather than philosophical approaches' to the treatment of mental illness, pioneering and publicising various physical treatments and vociferously opposing the use of psychoanalytic techniques. The majority of the collection consists of his writings, both published and unpublished, supplemented by a small quantity of correspondence and other material. In addition, the collection contains clinical records for about 500 cases from Sutton Emergency Hospital in the 1940s. As well as covering clinical subjects (in Sections D, E, and F) and Sargant's views on the practice of psychiatry in general (Section B), the collection also contains material relating to his interest in the related issues of religious conversion and brainwashing (Section G).

Reports, diaries, memoirs, photographs and memorabilia given to the Royal Army Medical Corps Museum and Library by former officers and men of the Corps. Some date back to Marlborough's campaigns of the late 17th century; there is also material relating to the continuing European and Imperial conflicts of the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Crimean War (1854-1856), the Boer War and the Balkan conflicts of the early 20th century, the two World Wars, the Korean War and other smaller conflicts thereafter.

Papers of the British Medical Association compring files [1915-1960], from the following subject series: Medico-Political, Science, Groups, Ethics, Public Health, Hospitals, Organisation. Also incomplete set of copy minutes of Council, Committees and of the Annual Representatives' Meetings and Special Representatives' Meetings, [1907-1982].

Papers of the British Pharmacological Society including minutes of General Meetings, 1931-1988, Committee Meetings, 1953-1988, and Clinical Section, 1970-1988; attendance books, 1948-1965. As frequently happens with societies which have no fixed address or paid secretariat, the archives of the British Pharmacological Society are not complete. There are, however, a complete set of minutes and full committee minutes from 1953, the date when committees appear to have started to keep minutes. There remain gaps in the handbooks (notably between 1931-1955, although it is not clear whether they were published during this period) and no separate meeting papers before 1955; copies of these may however come to light in due course. The increase in the size and work of the Society in the 1960s and 1970s is reflected in the amount of papers produced for committee and general meetings. The office of a meetings secretary as well as a general secretary was created in 1968, and inevitably additional correspondence and duplicate papers were produced.

Bad trip to Edgewood consists of, interview transcripts, research files and videos for a television documentary on US Army testing of chemical and biological warfare agents on human 'guinea pigs' between 1955 - 1975, and includes files of mainly photocopied documents, reports, scientific articles, letters and newspapers articles, with some printed brochures, as well as videotapes. There is also a video copy of Bad trip to Edgewood which was produced by Michael Bilton, Yorkshire Television, and broadcast as a First Tuesday film in March 1993.

The files focus on secret projects carried out by the US Army Chemical Corps at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland USA, between 1955-1975, in which US Army volunteers were used to test the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), benzilates such as BZ (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, also known a QNB) and glycolates.

The testing programs were suspended in 1975 when information about them became public. A number of volunteers claimed to have suffered long term mental health effects from the tests. They also claim they were not informed at the time of immediate or long term effects of the agents tested. In 1977 US Army notified 686 volunteers who has been tested with LSD and conducted a follow up study of their health. The LSD follow-up study report released in 1980 found 'the majority of subjects evaluated did not appear to have sustained any significant damage from their participation in the LSD experiments'.

There are notes and transcripts of interviews conducted with former US Army personnel who were volunteers in the research programmes, individuals involved in the running testing programs, medical experts and lawyers.

Several files relate to particular law suits including that of Sgt James B Stanley, US Army, volunteer at Edgewood during 1958. In 1977 he was informed by the army that he had been given LSD as part of the testing program. In 1987 a controversial judgement by the US Supreme Court found against Stanley, effectually granting immunity from liability for money damages for all federal officials who intentionally violate the constitutional rights of those serving in the military.

Other notable cases frequently mentioned in the files include that of Frank Olson and Harold Blauer. Dr Frank R Olson, US Army scientist at Fort Detrick, apparently suicided, on 28 November 1953. In 1975 the Commission on CIA Activities within the United States (the Rockefeller Commission) revealed Olson had been given LSD without his knowledge while attending a meeting of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) personnel eight days before his death. A civilian, Harold R Blauer died on 8 Jan 1953 after being given a lethal injection of Experimental Agent 1298 supplied by the US Army Chemical Corps to the New York State Psychiatric Institute where he was a patient. A 1975 Senate investigation revealed the facts of his death. Files also contain material on bacteriological testing by the Army and the CIA carried out in Washington DC, Florida, San Francisco, and New York. Particular reference is made to the case of Edward Nevin, a civilian, who died on 1 Nov 1950 in San Francisco as a result of a rare bacterial infection Serratia Marcescens, which coincided with a significant and unexplained outbreak of this infection between Oct 1950 and Feb 1951. In 1976 it was revealed that the US Army had conducted bacteriological warfare experiments with Serratia Marcescens over San Francisco Bay during September 1950.

There is a small amount of material relating to the role of American Citizens for Honesty in Government, a Church of Scientology sponsored organisation who campaigned during 1979 for a full investigation of the testing and storage of BZ and compensation for volunteers suffering long term effects from testing of the substance, and to chemical testing carried out in the UK at Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK and production of chemical agents at Nancekuke Base, Cornwall, and Anglo American cooperation in this area.

Copies of papers relating to his life and career and other family members, 1911, 1915, 1932, comprising: letter from Lt Col Sir George Roos-Keppel, Chief Commissioner and Agent to the Governor General, North West Frontier Province, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, reporting the capture of a party of raiders at Tarnab and commending various army and police officers, including Michael Donlea, Inspector of Police, North West Frontier (brother of Patrick), for their services in the incident, 2 March 1911; photograph [of raiders referred to in the above letter, 1911]; press cuttings describing charge of 21Lancers at Shabkadr, Aug 1915; brief typescript account of opium production and the organisation of Opium Department, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, 1932; copy of letter to Mrs Lucy Sophia
Le Marchand (aunt by marriage of Patrick's wife) from Maj Cecil Allanson, 1/6 Gurkha Rifles describing the death of her son, Lt John Wharton Jones Le Marchand, Gallipoli, 1915.

Papers of W J Manktelow, comprising notebooks compiled during the Chemist and Druggist Course at Brighton Technical College, Sept 1937-June 1938.

'Report of Special Operational Store Tyburn, Jan-Nov 1945', by Marinus van den Ende (1912-1957), bacteriologist; and notes and photographs by Dr Helène E. Bargmann, PhD, FRZS, ATS (1897-1987), biologist.

The bulk of the papers are reports and talks reflecting Sir Weldon Dalrymple-Champneys' interests as a physician and wide range of duties as Deputy Chief Medical Officer of Health at the Ministry of Health. The subject files (section H) contain details, including some manuscript diaries, of work in which he was particularly closely involved, such as snake venom and brucellosis. Texts of talks and broadcasts, some extracted from those subject files, are brought together in section F. Section D includes personal letters from distinguished colleagues. Sections A-C include mementos of Sir Weldon's father, Sir Francis Henry Champneys (1848-1930), a pioneer of modern midwifery who was Physician-Accoucheur at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London (1891-1913).

Papers of Professor Leslie Harold Collier including laboratory notebook re heat-stable smallpox vaccine, 1949, and 8 files of correspondence and papers re trachoma research, 1944-1971.

Papers of J Harold Burns comprising letters received, 1920s, 1950s; reprints of papers, 1970s and photographs, 1930s-1950s. The letters in Section A were probably kept simply as autographs, but most of them discuss Burn's work and others'; the snapshot photographs in the albums (Section C) include pictures of very eminent individuals in pharmacology and physiology.

Personalia and memorabilia of Walter Ernest Dixon and G Norman Myers, 1865-1949; files relating to their pharmacological research (digitalis, morphine substitutes, coramine, etc) and teaching and glass lantern slides, some of Dixon and colleagues, mostly relating to research.

Student notebooks, Chelsea College of Pharmacy, 1952-1955. The 'practical' notes are records of experiments, including diagrams and myograph tracings; the histology notes are descriptions and drawings of material seen under the microscope.

Royal College of Surgeons Department of Pharmacology Orderbooks: 77 order books of equipment and supplies for laboratory run by WD Paton, 1954-1967.

Records of Fulham Road Pharmacy, Chelsea, including prescription books, 1887-1989, controlled drugs and poisons books, 1939-1978 and loose prescriptions 1953-1980.

Papers of the Sir Francis Avery Jones, 1934-1998, comprised of four main sections: Personal items, including memorabilia and photographs. Correspondence relating to Avery Jones' various areas of interest, including published letters. Publications and reviews, mostly written by Avery Jones but also including articles by other people which he gathered together throughout his career. Items relating to Societies and Institutions which Avery Jones was involved with in various capacities.

Papers of Herbert Davies Chalke, 1924-[1980] including lecture notes, papers and publications, including re alcoholism, TB, care of the elderly, and food safety. Also papers re service with RAMC in North Africa.

Papers of John Gaddum including correspondence [1954]-1964; Cambridge Biochemistry Laboratory journals 1923-1930; reprints and photographs. These extant papers by no means reflect the whole of Gaddum's career. They date mostly from [1957]-1964, when he was Director of the Agricultural Research Council Institute of Animal Physiology at Babraham, Cambridge.

Harrods Pharmacy Department registers of prescriptions dispensed daily, Jul 1935-Jan 1977. There are gaps in the sequence between July 1936 and September 1938 and between December 1943 and April 1946, where the relevant registers were found to be missing on transfer to the Wellcome Archive.

Notebooks (in German and Italian) on pharmacology and pathology, c 1930s.

Papers on a development by Henri Spahlinger of a controversial vaccine treatment for tuberculosis, 1909-1929, and press-cuttings relating to public reaction to his claims 1932-1939.

Reports and correspondence relating to the development of the drug Balsalazide, for treatment of people suffering from ulcerative colitis, 1979-1991.

Papers relating to the Wellcome Witness Seminars, 1993-1997, including original audio tapes of the seminars (in most cases, master plus copy); photographs of witnesses and other participants; correspondence, both administrative and between the Twentieth Century Group and witnesses; and programmes and lists of participants.

Prescription books, ledgers, cash books, etc, of Nicholson and predecessor firms, 1893-1963.

This small but important collection is concerned with the research and development of penicillin. Heatley's laboratory notebooks (A.1-3), October 1939-June 1941, and sketches and diagrams of apparatus, 1941 (C. 1-5) form the core of the collection. The famous experiment of 25 May 1941 on the 'Curative Effect of Penicillin' on mice is recorded in notebook A.2. There are also diary entries, narratives and explanatory notes, some prepared by Heatley expressly for the collection. The correspondence and reports exchanged between Heatley and Florey (section D.) is a set of photocopies, included to provide a complete account of the collaboration between the two on the penicillin project.

Comments and reports on the British Pharmaceutical Codex by F B Power and others, 1907.

Notes and photographs of experiment by John Edward French and Arthur Gordon Sanders at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, concerning effect of cholesterol feeding on the liver, 1956.

Croadsell collection comprising pharmacy prescription books and ledgers, 1923-1951.

Papers of Jesse Robert Garrood, 1930-1951, including 3 day books of his general practice, 1930-1933, 1931-1937 and 1948-1951, and Vaccinator's Register, Jan 1947-Mar 1948.

Manuscript exhibition labels listing Spanish and Persian medicines.

Title; "Receuil (sic) d'Oeuvres d'Observations très Curieuses et Utiles dans L'Art de la Chymie." The manuscript belongs to the second half of the eighteenth century, is written throughout in French, and has probably been compiled from the popular books and pamphlets based on the writings of Albertus Magnus and similar authors, of which many were published during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. There are elements influenced by astrology and alchemy.

Notes of Charles Barbeyrac's practice taken chiefly by his students. Some case histories are included in MS.7126.

The collection comprises correspondence, writings and administrative material relating to the Jenner family, particularly Dr. Edward Jenner (pioneer of smallpox vaccination) and the associated Black and Davies families, 1680-1877.

The material on Edward Jenner includes papers relating to organisations set up in the aftermath of his vaccination discoveries: the National Vaccine Establishment, the Royal Jennerian Society and the London Vaccine Institution.

Reports of Thomas Lauder Brunton's lectures on therapeutics and notes from a lecture on chloroform with three fragments of lectures on eye affections, on the effects of alcohol, and the effect of drugs on the brain given at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1892-[1895].

Dissertations on various subjects, probably all by Joachimus Castaldus of Naples on 'De Morbis', 'De Morbis Puerorum', 'Pharmaceutica' and 'De febribus malignis'.

Students' notes of Mario Cecchini's lectures on tumours, at the Archiospedale del Santo Spirito, Rome.

Notes from Pierre Chirac's lectures, 1696-1734.

Notes of Pierre Jean Baptiste Chomel on plants and on medicine, [1715-1730].

Material relating to the use of nitrus oxide, chloroform and ether, mostly notes, including some on an operation carried out on Napolean III, and notes for lectures given by Clover. There is some personal material relating to Clover's education, including some family correspondence.